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UNIT 3: WAYS OF SOCIALISING

Practice reading the following two-syllable words and then mark the primary stress in each word.

waving signal airport argue schoolyard polite observe abrupt police toward process formal

attract social verbal discuss common waving signal airport

instance assist approach decent install argue schoolyard polite

express regret mistake parent realize observe abrupt police

farewell offer problem object (v) party toward process formal

perfect (adj) obvious accept suppose

Complete these sentences with the correct form of the verbs in the box.

1. If you understand what I mean, just

your head.

1. When the songs stopped, everybody
2. She heard footsteps from behind.
3. He a hand in the air to' attract her attention.

furiously.

1. ‘What's your name?’ he asked, at the child with his pen.
2. Many parents find it difficult to with their children when they are apart.
3. The chance to travel around the world me to a career as a flight attendant.
4. The crowd booed and as the player came onto the field.
5. Crime has decreased since the security cameras were
6. Most customers were satisfied with the way their complaints were

Complete these sentences with correct form of the word in brackets.

1. They were very aboutthe trouble they’d caused, (apologize)
2. It was very more of a chat than an interview, (formal)
3. She was critical to the point of (rude)
4. Whistling to get the person’s attention is usually considered (polite)
5. Films with big stars always attract great (attend)
6. His casual clothes were for such a formal occasion, (appropriate)
7. They've received many complaints about customers being treated with (courteous)
8. communication is the way of communicating with others without speaking, (verbal)
9. The of a new computer system will take about a week, (install)
10. Waterfalls and rocky overlooks are the main of thispark, (attract)
11. Air pollution in the city had reached four times the levels, (accept)
12. We can raise our hand slightly to show that we need (assist)

Complete the passage with the correct form or tense of the verbs in brackets.

THE AUSTRALIA SALUTE

Before I (1) (visit)Australia, an Australian friend in London (2)

(tell) me I should learn ‘the Australia salute’. “What’s that?” I asked. “You’ll find out when you (3) (get) there," he said. I (4) (arrive) in Perth

last week. Since then I (5) (stay) at a nice hotel near a beautiful beach. I (6)

(never visit) Australia before and I am enjoying my stay. I (7) (swim) every day from the time I (8) (arrive). Yesterday, an Australian friend (9)

(suggest) a tour into ‘the bush’. I agreed at once. The first thing I (10)

(notice) when we were in the bush (11)

(be) the flies. After a while I

remembered the conversation I (12) (have) in London before I (13) (come) here. “What’s the ‘Australia salute’?” I asked suddenly, as I waved my right arm to

keep the flies away. “That’s it!” my friend said as he (14) (wave) back!

Choose the correct answer.

1. The doctor says that he you in twenty minutes.
   1. will see b. would see c. saw d. could see
2. She reassured me that shethe invitations well before the wedding.
   1. has sent b. must send c. was sent d. had sent
3. Health officials warn that anyone who eclipse may put their sight at risk.

directly at the sun during an

• 1. looks b. look c. looked d. had looked

1. She boasted that she when she was three.
   1. can read b. used to read c. is able to read d. had been able to read
2. The government has announced that taxes .
   1. are raising b. were raised c. will be raised d. would be raised
3. He proved that the earth round the sun.
   1. goes b. would go c. was going d. had gone
4. Maggie promised that she at home by 9.00, so I phoned her shortly after that.
   1. was b. will be c. would be d. will have been
5. He reminded me that I forget my credit card.
   1. hadn’t to b. couldn’t c. mustn’t d. didn’t have to
6. Dr Weir thinks that he about 5 minutes on a typical appointment with a patient.
   1. spends b. spent c. would spend d, had spent
7. The BBC announcer said the new underpass the day after tomorrow.
   1. is officially opening b. was being officially opened

. c. officially opened d. was officially opening

1. She said that she . Her mother to cook dinner at 5:30 p.m the previous day.
   1. had helped b. was helping

c. have been helping d. had been helping

1. A company spokesperson said that the accusations completely untrue,
   1. are b. be c. should be d. were
2. John told me that he but he hasn’t turned up yet.
   1. will come b. had come c. was going to come d. should come
3. He said he television when the robber broke into the house.
   1. was watching b. watched c. had been watching d. had watched
4. No one has informed us why our application unsuccessful.
   1. would be b. was c. has been d. had been

An Englishman made a solo cycle journey round the world. In one country he was arrested and taken to a police station, where the police asked him lots of questions. Months later, he told a reporter all about the incident. How did he report the questions from the police? Use the verbs of reporting in brackets.

1. ‘What have you got in your luggage?’ (want to know)
2. ‘Are you a spy?’ (ask me)
3. ‘Do you have a notebook? (ask)
4. ‘Where are you going?’ (want to know)
5. ‘Where have you come from?’ (want to know)
6. ‘How long have you been in the country?’ (inquire)
7. ‘Have you spoken to anyone on your journey? (wonder)
8. ‘Who paid for your journey?’ (ask)
9. ‘Are you carrying any drugs?’ (inquire)
10. ‘Where do you plan to sleep?’ (ask me)

I. Decide which sentence is spoken by which person. Then report what was said.

VIII. Put the following into indirect speech using the verbs in brackets. If necessary, add an appropriate object or preposition after the verb.

1. ‘I should, say nothing about it if I were you.’ (advise)

My brother

1. ‘Would you like to have lunch with me on Saturday, Sarah?’ (invite)

John

1. ‘Remember to switch the computer off when you’ve finished. ’ (remind)

He

1. ‘Would you mind not smoking between courses?’ (ask)

Their hostess

1. All right. We will postpone the meeting until 11th July.’ (agree)

The committee

1. ‘I’m really sorry I got the message wrong.’ (apologize)

She_

1. ‘No, I certainly didn’t use your cassette player!’ (deny)

Alfred

1. ‘Show me your driver’s licence, will you?’ (order)

The policeman

1. ‘I’m just not going to the student party.’ (refuse)

Nora

1. ‘Social services should have taken more action to protect children at risk.’ (criticize) They
2. ‘Don’t go too near the edge of the cliff, boys.’ (warn)

He

1. ‘Let’s stay here till the storm have passed. ’ (suggest)

Laura_

1. ‘I really must speak to the headmaster personally.’ (insist)

He

1. ‘Do you want me to type this document for you?’ (offer)

James

1. ‘I’ll look after your children while you are away on a business trip.’ (promise) My mother

VII. Put the following into indirect speech. Use a suitable reporting verb in each case.

1. ‘Will it be safe to stay in the mountains for the night if the weather doesn’t change for the better?’ we asked the guide.
2. The porter said to me ‘I’ll wake you up when the train arrives in Leeds.’
3. ‘You had better slow down. There’s a speed limit here.’ She said to me.
4. ‘I can hardly hear the radio,’ he said. ‘Could you turn it up?’
5. “They should put traffic lights here, otherwise there’ll be more accidents,’ she said.
6. ‘Don’t go walking in the fog, it can be very dangerous,’ the mountain guide said.
7. ‘I haven’t read so interesting a book since I don’t remember when,’ she said.
8. ‘Are you thirsty? Shall we go somewhere for a cup of coffee?’ John said.
9. ‘Why are you so late? I’ve been waiting for half an hour already,’ Tom said to Jane.
10. ‘Remember to leave the window open when you’re using the gas stove,’ my mother said to me.
11. ‘I’m taking my children to the zoo tomorrow,’ she said, ‘Will you come with us?’
12. Would you mind getting out of the car?’ said the driver. ‘I have to change a wheel.’
13. ‘What was she wearing when you saw her last?’ the policeman asked me.
14. ‘Would you like to borrow this book?’ I asked her. ‘I have read it already, thank you.’ she said.
15. ‘All right. It’s true. It was me who scratched the car,’ she said

PRONUNCIATION

TEST 1

Choose the word that has the main stress placed differently from that of the others.

1. a. approach b. attract c. decent d. install

2. a. marvelous b. assistant c. maximum d. argument

3. a. apologetic b. communicate c. attention d. appropriate

4. a. verbal b. polite c. common d. social

5. a. compliment b. absolute c. fashionable d. suppose

II. LANGUAGE FOCUS

A. Choose the one word or phrase - a, b, c or d - that best completes the sentences.

1. He agreed them the need for change.
   1. to - about b. with - for c. to - at d. with - on
2. While studying he was financially dependent his parents.
   1. on b. to c. of d. from
3. It’s rude to point : someone!
   1. on b. out c. at d. up
4. It’s OK to use language if you’re speaking to a friend.
   1. verbal b. non-verbal c. formal d. informal
5. The proposal will go ahead despite strong from the public.
   1. objections b. refusals c. resistances d. disagreements
6. Although I spoke to him many times, he never paid any to what I said.
   1. notice b. care c. mind d. attention
7. He tried to

the attendant’s eyes but the man was already turning away.

• 1. attract b. raise c. catch d. meet

1. I get on very well with my roommate now; we never have any .
   1. agreements b. assistance c. compliments d. arguments
2. Some people think it is

to ask someone’s age.

• 1. sensitive b. impolite c. informal d. polite

1. It’s knowledge that smoking and cancer are linked.
   1. normal b. common c. wide d. complete

Choose the one word or phrase - a, b, c or d - that best completes the sentences.

1. The woman asked get lunch at school.
   1. can the children b. whether the children could

c. if the children can d. could the children

1. Did they say they me again?
   1. will telephone b. have telephoned c. would phone d. had phoned
2. Peter said that if he rich, he a lot.
   1. is - will travel b. were - would travel

c. was - would have traveled d. had been - would have traveled

1. I pointed out to the manager that we the bill.
   1. already paid b. have already paid c. had already paid d. was already paid
2. I was wondering a moment, please.
   1. whether have you got b. that you’ve got

c. if you’ve got d. how you’ve got

1. Someone told us

on the stairs.

• 1. don’t sit b. not sit c. not to sit d. to not sit

1. All the students denied

anything about the matter.

• 1. to know b. knowing c. for knowing d. that they know

1. They said that they had come back
   1. the following day b. the next day

c. the day after tomorrow d. the previous day

1. I asked him whose car the previous day.
   1. he had borrowed b. had he borrowed c. did he borrowed d. he would borrow
2. The office reminded us the money.
   1. remember to pay b. not to forget to pay

c. to pay d. of paying

1. Martha told me that she late for the meeting. She said that she ill.
   1. will be - are feeling b. was - was felt

c. would be - would feel d. would be - was feeling

1. They asked me in Los Angeles then.
   1. whether was my father working b. if my father was working

c. whether my father had been working d. was my father working

1. I have told her that I ahead with my plans whatever she may think.
   1. am not going to go b. was not going to go

c. would not go d. was not able to go

1. When we came to the cinema, she told me that she the tickets at home.
   1. was leaving b. had left c. would leave d. would have left
2. Jane told me that she her e-mail first thing every morning.
   1. would check b. checks c. had checked d. was checked

Identify the one underlined word or phrase - A, B, C or D - that must be changed for the sentence to be correct.

1. She says thatshe would have to close the shop unless business improves.

A B C D

1. Every teacher I’vespoken to tell me thatstandards of spelling are in decline.

A B C D

1. They asked me how long did it take to get to Paris by train.

A B C D

1. My mother told me to watch the milk and don’tlet it boil over.

A B C D

1. Some engineers have predicted that, within twenty years, automobiles

A

will be make almost completely of plastic.

B C D

1. READING
2. Fill in each blank with one appropriate word from the box.

embrace polite introduced attention acceptable away immediately part

Americans shake hands with each other when first (36) or when they meet again, but rarely when they (37) (a more European custom). Social kissing, as a greeting, is also sometimes (38) between men and women who know each other well and between women. American men rarely (39)

each other or kiss on both cheeks. When two Americans are standing and talking to each other they stay at least 16 inches (40) from each other.

It is permissible for an American to start a conversation with a stranger but the conversation should be (41) ended if the person does not seem to want to talk. Be

especially careful not to force your (42)

on someone in a plane, train or bus.

If you meet someone you know on the street while you are with someone else, it is (43) to introduce the person!

Read the passage carefully, then choose the correct answer.

Vietnamese generally shake hands when greeting and parting. Using both hands shows respect, as does a slight bow of the head. In rural areas, elderly people who do not extend their hand are greeted with a slight bow. Women are more likely to bow the head slightly than to shake hands. Vietnamese names begin with the family name and are followed by a, given name. For example, in the name Nguyen Van Due, Nguyen is the family name. People address one another by their given names, but add a title that indicates their perceived relations Hip to the other person. These titles are family related rather than professional. Among colleagues, for example, the younger of the two might combine the given name with the title of Anh (“Older Brother”). A basic greeting combined with the given name and title is Xin chao (“Hello.”), Classifiers for gender and familiarity are also combined with the greeting. In formal meetings, business cards are sometimes exchanged on greeting.

Vietnamese have a strong sense of hospitality and feel embarrassed if they cannot show their guests full respect by preparing for their arrival. Therefore, it is inappropriate to visit a home without having been invited. Gifts are not required, Taut are appreciated. Flowers, incense, or tea may be appropriate gifts for the hosts. Hosts also appreciate a small gift for their children or elderly parents.

1. Which of the following is not true?
   1. In most cases, Vietnamese greet each other with a handshake.
   2. To show respect, they do a slight bow while using both hands to shake.
   3. Vietnamese women never shake hands, so they bow the head slightly when greeting.
   4. Elderly people in rural areas do not often shake hands when greeting and saying good- bye.
2. How are Vietnamese names generally formed?
   1. A family name, a given name, and then a middle name
   2. A given name, middle name, and then a family name
   3. A middle name, a given name, and then a family name
   4. A family name, a middle name, and then a given name
3. Typically, Vietnamese will be addressed .
   1. with their family name in formal situations
   2. with their given name, even in formal situations
   3. with their given name and a title “Mr.” or “Mrs.”
   4. with their full name and a title which is family related
4. The Vietnamese have a very strong sense of hospitality, but .
   1. they often feel worried about what other people will think
   2. they cannot show their guests full respect
   3. they do not like to be visited unexpectedly
   4. they always prepare for their arrival
5. According to the last paragraph, the Vietnamese
   1. often offer gifts to the hosts on their visit
   2. sometimes give the host’s children gifts
   3. usually welcome guests with flowers
   4. always require gifts for their children or their parents

SPEAKING

Choose the phrase or sentence — a, b, c or d - that best completes the conversation.

1. A: You’re a great dancer. I wish I could do half as well as you.

B: I’m an awful dancer!

• 1. You’re too kind. b. That’s a nice compliment!

c. You’ve got to be kidding! d. Oh, thank you very much.

1. A: Congratulations! You did great.

B:

• 1. It’s nice of you to say so. b. It’s my pleasure,

c. You’re welcome d. That’s okay.

1. A:

B: Oh, thank you. I just got it yesterday.

• 1. When have you got this beautiful dress?
  2. You’ve just bought this beautiful dress, haven’t you?
  3. How a beautiful dress you’re wearing!
  4. That’s a beautiful dress you have on!

1. A: This dish is really nice!

B: It’s called yakitori, and it’s made with chicken livers.

• 1. It’s my pleasure. b. I’m glad you like it.

c. I guess you’re right. d. Sure, I’ll be glad to.

1. A: Your new hairstyle is quite attractive.

B: I think it makes me look 10 years older!

• 1. Thanks a lot. b. I’m sorry I don’t like it.

c. I hate it. d. That’s a nice compliment

WRITING

Choose the sentence - a, b, c or d - which is closest in meaning to the printed one.

1. “Shall I help you with the washing-up, Jane?” John said.
   1. John told Jane to help him with the washing-up.
   2. John asked if Jane should help him with the washing-up.
   3. John suggested helping Jane with the washing-up.
   4. John offered to help Jane with the washing-up.
2. “What will you do if you have ten days off school?” he asked.
   1. He asked me what will I do if I have ten days off school.
   2. He asked what I will do if I have ten days off school.
   3. He asked me what I would do if I had ten days off school.
   4. He asked what would I do if I had ten days off school.
3. “You’d better apologize for being so rude,” said my friend.
   1. My friend advised me to apologize for being so rude.
   2. My friend offered me to apologize for being so rude.
   3. My friend warned me to apologize for being so rude.
   4. My friend suggested me apologizing for being so rude.
4. “Good morning, Mary! How are you?” Henry said.
   1. Henry said good morning Mary and asked haw was she.
   2. Henry greeted Mary and asked how is she.
   3. Henry said good morning and asked Mary how she is.
   4. Henry greeted Mary and asked how she was.
5. “Please don’t leave until I come back,” Sarah said.
   1. Sarah told us -do not leave until she comes back. ~
   2. Sarah asked us not leave until she came back.
   3. Sarah told us hot to leave until she came back.
   4. Sarah said to us to not leave until she comes back. 59 “How difficult the final test is!” the students said.
6. The students asked how the final test was difficult.
7. The students exclaimed that the final test was so difficult.
8. The students wondered if it was a difficult final test.
9. The students said that how difficult the final’ test was.
10. “Be careful; the steps are very slippery,” I said to him.
    1. I warned him to be careful as the steps were very slippery.
    2. I suggested being careful as the steps were very slippery.
    3. I threatened him to be careful and said the steps were very slippery.
    4. I told him be careful and the steps were very slippery.

TEST 2

PRONUNCIATION

A. Choose the word that has the underlined part pronounced differently from that of the others.

1. LANGUAGE FOCUS
2. Choose the word or phrase - a, b, c or d - that best completes the sentence.
3. Why did you object the scheme for building a kindergarten in our neighborhood?
   1. to b. against c. at d. in
4. She received several compliments her speech.
   1. to b. on c. for d. about
5. They were very apologetic the trouble they’d caused.

a. on b. to c. about d. with

1. We arranged to meet at the station, but she didn’t .
   1. get through b. wait on c. turn up d. walk out 15. with your friends and give me your answer tomorrow.

a. Work it out b. Look into it c. Talk over it d. Talk it over

1. The children fell silent at the of theirteacher.
   1. approach b. acceptant c. assistance d. access
2. It’s no more than common to hear what she has to say.
   1. polite b. impolite c. politeness d. impoliteness
3. Phone me before ten; I’ll be too busy to talk to you.
   1. otherwise b. however c. unless d. moreover
4. She was clearly the best candidate for the job, so her interview was just a(n) .
   1. formation b. instance c. formality d. informality
5. ‘Let’s go,’ he said, towards the door. ’
   1. nodding b. clapping c. waving d. bowing
6. Laughing when you should be crying sends out the wrong to people.
   1. sights b. signals c. symbols d. hints
7. Gestures such as waving and handshaking are forms of communication.
   1. direct b. regular c. verbal d. non-verbal
8. She was a devoted nurse, always very to the needs of her elderly patients.
   1. observant b. attentive c. careful d. delicate
9. I think access to cinemas and theaters is the main of city life,
   1. amenity b. attraction c. leisure d. recreation
10. Social kissing, as a greeting, is also sometimes women who know each other well.

between men and

• 1. appropriate b. marvelous c. acceptable d. appreciated

Choose the word or phrase - a, b, c or d - that best completes the sentences.

1. The visitors were complaining in the rain.
   1. for waiting b. me about waiting

c. about having to wait d. that they have to wait

1. John told me that he his best in the exam .
   1. would do - the day before b. would do – the following day

c. had done — the following day d. was doing - the day before

1. The effects of cigarette smoking to be extremely harmful so far.
   1. is proved b. will be proved c. are proved d. have been proved
2. He said Ann

her licence the Tuesday before.

• 1. got b. was got c. had got d. would got

1. The accused denied in the vicinity of the murder scene.

a to have ever been b. have ever been c. having been ever d. ever having been

1. She told me that she physiology.
   1. has studied. b. has been studying

c. had been studying d. would have studied

1. The doctor has advised too much coffee.
   1. me not drink b. I don’t drink c. me not drinking d. me not to drink
2. Mike asked Sarah how long English so far.

a. she learned b. she has been learning

c. had she learned d. she had been learning

1. My mother told me my books lying about on the living room.
   1. don’t leave b. not leave c. not to leave d. didn’t leave
2. She wondered now, after so many years away.
   1. how her father looked like b. how did her father look like

c. whom her father looks like d. what her father looked like

1. Rosa suggested

a suit and tie when he went for the interview.

• 1. him to wear b. he should wear c. he must wear d. that he wears

1. He said that the plane and that I an hour earlier.

a. had already left - must have arrived

b. already left - had to arrive

c. had already left - should have arrived

d. would leave already - was supposed to arrive

1. Helen asked me the film called ‘Star Wars’.
   1. if I saw b. whether I have seen

c. if I had seen d. whether had I seen

1. Nobody knows until next week.
   1. why the meeting postponed b. why was the meeting postponed

c. why did the meeting postpone d. why the meeting was postponed

1. It was only later that I comprehended .
   1. what did his story mean b. what his story meant

c. his story meant what d. what was his story’s meaning

Identify the one underlined word or phrase - A, B, C or D - that must be changed for the sentence to be correct.

1. In his letter, he said he had seen Penny at the theater a couple of days ago.

A B C D

1. For many years people have wondered that life exists elsewhere in the universe.

A B C D

1. Public health experts say that the money one spent avoiding illness

A B

is less than the cost of being sick.

C D

1. The woman accused to shoplift was found not guilty and was acquitted.

A B C D

1. READING
2. Choose the word or phrase - a, b, c or 4- that best fits the blank space in the following passage.

It is difficult to write (46) that tell exactly when we should apologize, but it is not difficult to learn how. If we have dope something to hurt someone’s feelings, or if we have been impolite or (47) we should apologize. An apology indicates that we

realize we have made a (48) and we are sorry for it. It is a way of expressing our regret for something. When we apologize. we admit our (49)

usually offer a reason for it, and express regret.

The simplest way to apologize is to say, ‘I’m sorry,’ but often that is not enough. Let’s take a (50) situation. You are late for class and enter the classroom, (51) the teacher in the middle of the lesson. What should you do? The most polite

action is usually to take a seat as (52) as possible and apologize later. But if the teacher stops and waits for you to say something, you could apologize simply “I’m sorry I’m

late”, ask (53) to take your seat, and sit down. Naturally, more than this - a (54)

for the tardiness - is needed, but this is not the time or the place for it because you have already caused one interruption and don’t need to make it any longer or (55)

than it already is.

46. a. rules b. times c. reasons d. examples

47. a. disrespect b. rude c. disappointed d. angry

48. a. decency b. regret c. guilt d. mistake

49. a. cruelty b. blame c. wrongdoing d. comment

50. a. popular b. common c. rude d. general

51. a. interrupting b. holding c. confusing d. breaking

52. a. much b. long c. quietly d. firmly

53. a. allowance b. permission c. acceptance d. approval

54. a. reason c. signal c. compliment d. apology

55. a. better c. best c. worst d. worse

Read the passage carefully, then choose the correct answer.

Sometimes people add to what they say even when they don’t talk. Gestures are the “silent language” of every culture. We point a finger or move another part of the body to show what we want to say. It is important to know the body language of every country or we may be misunderstood. In the United States, people greet each other with a handshake in a formal introduction. The handshake must be firm. If the handshake is weak, it is a sign of weakness or unfriendliness. Friends may place a hand on the other’s arm or shoulder. Some people, usually women, greet a friend with a hug.

Space is important to Americans. When two people talk to each other, they usually stand about two and a half feet away and at an angle, so they are not facing each other directly. Americans get uncomfortable when a person stands too close. They will move back to have their space. If Americans touch another person by accident, they say, “Pardon me.” or

“Excuse me.” Americans like to look the other person in the eyes when they are talking. If you don’t do so, it means you are bored, hiding something, or are not interested. But when you are stare at someone, it is not polite. For Americans, thumbs-up means yes, very good, or well done. Thumbs down means the opposite. To call a waiter, raise one hand to head level or above. To show you want the check, make a movement with your hands as if you are signing a piece of paper. It is all right to point at things but not at people with the hand and index finger. Americans shake their index finger at children when they scold them and pat them on the head when they admire them. Learning a culture’s body language is sometimes confusing.

-If you don’t know what to do, the safest thing to do is to smile.

1. From the passage we can learn that
   1. gestures don’t mean anything while talking
   2. gestures can help us to express ourselves
   3. American people often use body language in communication
   4. It’s confusing to understand a culture’s body language
2. If you are introduced to a stranger from the USA, you should
   1. greet him with a hug b. place a hand on his shoulder

c. shake his hand weakly d. shake his hand firmly

1. American people often .
   1. show their friendship by touching each other
   2. glance at each other when they are talking
   3. get uncomfortable when you stand or sit too close to them
   4. say “Pardon me.” to each other when they are talking
2. When your friend give you a thumbs-up, he; in fact,
   1. shows his rudeness to you b. shows his anger to you

c. expresses his worries about you d. expresses his satisfaction to you

1. Which of the following is NOT true about the culture of the United States?
   1. Pointing at someone is usually considered rude.
   2. It’s rude to stare at the other person.
   3. It’s impolite to look the other person in the eyes while talking.
   4. It’s all right to raise your hand slightly when you want to attract the waiter’s attention.

WRITING

From the words or phrases - a, b, c or d - choose the one that best completes the sentences.

61 that we had to ask a police officer for directions.

1. So confusing the map was b. So confusing was the map

c. So was confusing the map d. Such confusing was the map

1. She regretfully told him that .
   1. she would leave the tickets at home
   2. she left the tickets at home
   3. she would have left the tickets at home
   4. she had left the tickets at home
2. Peter asked me
   1. what time does the film start b. what time the film starts

c. what time did the film start d. what time the film started

1. It is difficult to determine exactly
   1. what does the center of the earth consist of
   2. what the center of the earth consists of
   3. the center of the earth consist of what
   4. what of the center of the earth Consists
2. He recommended
   1. me reading the book before seeing the movie
   2. I would read the book before seeing the movie
   3. I should read the book before seeing the movie
   4. to read the book before seeing the movie

TEST YOURSELF

I. Choose the word that has the underlined part pronounced differently from that of

1. Choose the word or phrase - a, b, c or d - that best completes the sentence.
2. We complained_

the landlord the condition of the house.

• 1. on - about b. at - for c. with - of d. to - about

1. I apologize being late, but I missed the bus.
   1. for b. of c. by d. to
2. special occasions such as weddings, gifts are an expected part of courtesy.
   1. In b. For c. On d. To
3. “ ” “Short and dark, pretty, cheerful-looking.”
   1. How is Jane? b. How does Jane like?

c. What does Jane look like? d. Who does Jane look like?

1. The Vietnamese have a very strong sense of so they always welcome their guests warmly.
   1. hospitality b. socialising c. humour d. communication
2. When he passed me in the street, he a hand in greeting.
   1. clapped b. raised c. shook d. held
3. Since you’ve asked me why

there, I’ll tell you.

• 1. I went b. did I go c. had I gone d. I was going

1. Shaking hands is the way of greeting business counterparts in Europe.
   1. convenient b. absolute c. practical d. customary
2. If nobody , we’ll postpone the meeting till next week.
   1. minds b. objects c. refuses d. argues
3. The host asked Peter tea or coffee.
   1. did he prefer b. that he preferred

c. if he prefers d. whether he preferred

1. We wanted to go to the beach;

it started raining and we stayed at home.

• 1. otherwise b. moreover c. therefore d. however

1. We go to the concert if the rain stops. We don't know for sure.
   1. mustn’t b. have to c. might d. wouldn’t
2. Tom said that he nothing to upset Daisy the day before.
   1. does b. did c. had done d. was doing
3. Police are advising away from the building.
   1. people stay b. people to stay c. people staying d. people will stay
4. “Would you like some more sandwiches?” “ I’m full.”
   1. Yes, please b. No, thanks c. Yes, I would d. No, I wouldn’t

Give the correct form or tense of the verb in brackets.

1. Let the boy (try) it himself before you offer to help.
2. We had considerable difficulty _(find) anywhere to park.
3. I (go) there once a longtime ago and (not be) back since.
4. Our newest franchise (open) in two months, so we need to start hiring new employees.
5. Some people believe the universe (create) by a big explosion.

Give the correct form of the word in brackets.

1. He knew he had been wrong, and duly _. (apology)
2. The best way to teach kids to be is to encourage them! (obey)
3. You will need and strenght to complete this martial arts course, (determine)
4. Schools play an important part in the of our children, (socialize)
5. The passengers push toward the edge of the platform and wait .(patient)

Identify the one underlined word or phrase - A, B, C or D - that must be changed for the sentence to be correct.

1. When Jenny phoned last week, she said that she will be arriving this

A B C

morning, but she hasn’tturned up.

D

1. The meeting scheduling for this morning has been canceled.

A B C D

1. I would rather that they do not travel during the bad weather, but they insist A B C

that they must return home today.

D

1. Palm-sized computers that connect to the Internet are become very popular.

A B C D

1. My mother reminded me to remember to water her house plants.

A B C D

1. Choose the word or phrase - a, b, c or d - that best fits the blank space in the following passage.

A very good friend of mine who is a British Asian, once summed this subject up very well for me. The difference between Asian and Western Culture he said, could be described in one word - FAMILY.

To the Asian culture, family is the most important thing. They tend to have more children than their Western (36) , they tend to live together or close together in what we Westerners would call a more old-fashioned (37) family, and if you look around, there are very few Asian old people in Homes or Care Centres, because their families will always (38) them in their old age.

If you look around your own circle of friends in the Western world (39) you will almost certainly find that things are quite different. People usually move (40)

home to , study, and quite possibly then make their own lives in their new,

adopted city, - buying homes and having children some good way from their parents and childhood (41) . As the pressures of raising their own children and fulfilling their own careers grows bigger, they visit Mum and Dad less and less each year, until it is not (42)

for a man to visit his elderly parents only once a year. To an Asian family this is monstrous and disgusting. A work colleague of mine, (43) is first generation

British Asian, just cannot understand why her elderly, British neighbours receive maybe only

two visits a year from their two children. The (44)

of keeping the family

together, and of respecting your elders is generally (45) cultures.

stronger in Asian

Read the passage carefully, then choose the correct answer.

Many people think that we can learn a lot about the culture of a foreign country simply by living in that country. However, this is not necessarily true. Often, the longer we stay in a foreign country, the more we realize how little we actually know about the culture of that country.

Books and talks about other people’s culture can even be dangerous because they concentrate on cultural differences and exaggerate national character, and sometimes a lot of information they contain is untrue.

In a study recently carried out in Britain, people were asked to make a list of anything that they thought was typical of Britain and would interest a foreign visitor there. Most mentioned Shakespeare, the Queen, villages inns, English folk dancing, English castles, and fish chips wrapped in newspaper. Although all of these characters can be found in British culture, they do not show the real interests of ordinary British people: (They are, in fact, simply stereotype - that is, general character which people wrongly think are typical.) What is surprising is that they were suggested by British people themselves as representing their culture. If people have such a wrong impression of their own culture, how much false would their impression of other culture be!

1. If we stay a long time in a foreign country, .
   1. we will sometimes forget about culture of our own country
   2. we can often learn a lot about the culture of the foreign country
   3. we will usually realize our own ignorance about its culture
   4. we can seldom find out anything at all about its culture
2. It is hard to learn about a country’s culture from books because such books
   1. concentrate on the dangers of the foreign
   2. exaggerate national character
   3. take no notice of culture difference
   4. contain little information about culture .
3. When asked about their own culture, many British people
   1. argued they knew little about British culture
   2. said they themselves were not typical of British people
   3. gave incorrect answers
   4. were surprised by the question asked.
4. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that it’s easy to .
   1. know a lot about your own country’s culture
   2. know the culture of other countries
   3. give exact information about your own country
   4. describe stereotypes of your country
5. Which of the following is true?
   1. The culture of a foreign country can not be learned by reading books.
   2. It’s easy to assimilate the culture of a foreign country.
   3. Visitors to a country are soon assimilated into its culture.
   4. British people understand their own culture more than other culture.

Choose the sentences - a, b, c or d - which is closest in meaning to the printed one.

1. “Why don’t you have your house redecorated, Mike?” said John.
   1. John requested Mike to redecorate his house himself.
   2. John asked why Mike didn’t redecorate his house.
   3. John suggested that Mike should have his house redecorated.
   4. John persuaded Mike to have his house redecorated.
2. I’m sorry that I didn’t finish my homework last night.
   1. If only I had finished my homework last night.
   2. I promise to finish all my homework from now on.
   3. I regret to say that I finished my homework last night.
   4. I wish I didn’t have to do my homework last night.
3. She asked if I had passed the English test the week before.
   1. “Had you passed the English test the week before?” she asked.
   2. “Have you passed the English test the week before?” she asked.
   3. “Were you passed the English test last week,” she asked.
   4. “Did you pass the English test last week?” she asked.

From the words or phrases - a, b, c or d - choose the one that best completes the sentences.

54 classes, even when the Weather is bad.

1. Rarely this professor has cancelled b. Has this professor rarely cancelled

c. Has cancelled this professor rarely d. Rarely has this professor cancelled

1. Please let me know .
   1. when is it time to go b. when it is time to go

c. when time it is to go d. when to go it is time

ĐÁP ÁN

UNIT 3

I.

a'ttract 'instance ex'press fare'well 'perfect

'social a'ssist re'gret 'offer 'obvious

'verbal a'pproach mis'take 'problem ac'cept

dis'cuss 'decent 'parent ob'ject(v) su'ppose

‘common in'stall 'realize 'party

'waving 'argue ob'serve to'ward

'signal ‘schoolyard a'brupt ‘process

'airport po'lite po'lice 'formal

1. 1. nod 2. clapped 3. approaching 4. Waved 5. pointing

6. communicate 7. attracted 8. whistled 9. Installed 10. handled

1. 1. apologetic 4. impolite 7.discourtesy 10.attractions 2.informal 5.attention 8.non-verbal 11.acceptable 3.rudeness 6.inappropriate 9.installation 12.assistance

IV.

1. visited 6. have never visited 11. was/ were

2. told 7. have been swimming 12. had had

3. get 8. arrived 13. came

4. arrived 9. suggested 14. waved

5. have been staying/ have stayed 10. noticed

V. 1. a 2. d 3. a 4. d 5. c 6. a 7. c 8. c 9. a 10. b 11. d 12. d

13. c 14. a 15. C

VI.

1. They wanted to know what I had got in my luggage.
2. They asked me if I was a spy.
3. They asked if I had a notebook.
4. They wanted to know where I was going.
5. They wanted to know where I had come from.
6. They inquired how long I had been in the country.'
7. They wondered if I had spoken to anyone on my journey.
8. They asked who paid/ had paid for my journey.
9. They inquired if I was carrying any drugs.
10. They asked me where I planned to sleep.

VII.

1. The bus driver asked the passengers to sit down in their seats.
2. The teacher told the class to learn all the new words.
3. The librarian told the students not to leave those books on the table and asked them to put them back on the shelf.
4. The doctor told the patient to go on a diet.
5. The boss told the employees not to be late tomorrow morning/ the next morning.
6. The traffic warden told the motorist to move his car out of the way.
7. The raiders ordered the bank clerk to open the safe.
8. The security guard asked the travelers not to leave their bags unattended.
9. The hotel guests asked the porter to take their luggage.
10. The air hostess advised the passengers to read the notice about life-saving equipment.

VIII.1. My brother advised me to say nothing/ not to say anything about it.

• 1. John invited Sarah to have lunch on Saturday.
  2. He reminded me to switch the computer off when I had finished.
  3. Their hostess asked them not to smoke between courses.
  4. The committee agreed to postpone the meeting until 11th July.
  5. She apologized for getting the message wrong.
  6. Alfred denied using/ having used my cassette player.
  7. The policeman ordered’ the driver to show him his driver’s licence.
  8. Nora refused to go to the student party.
  9. They criticized social services for not taking more action to protect children at risk.
  10. He warned the boys not to go too near the edge of the cliff.
  11. Laura suggested staying there till the storm had passed/ suggested that we should stay there till the storm had passed
  12. He insisted on speaking to the headmaster personally/ insisted that he speak to the headmaster personally.
  13. James offered to type the/ that document for me.
  14. My mother promised to look after my children while I was away on a business trip.

1. 1. We asked the guide if/ whether it would be safe to stay in the mountains for the night if the weather didn’t change for the better.
2. The porter told me he would wake me up when the train arrived in Leeds/ promised to wake me up when the train arrived in Leeds.
3. She advised me to slow down as there was a. speed limit there/ ...and said there was a speed limit there.
4. He said he could hardly hear the radio and asked me to turn it up.
5. She said they should put traffic lights here/ there; otherwise there would be more accidents.
6. The mountain guide warned them not to go walking in the fog as it could be very dangerous.
7. She said she hadn’t read so interesting a book since she didn’t remember when.
8. John asked if/ whether we were thirsty and suggested going somewhere for a cup of coffee./... suggested that we should go somewhere for a cup of coffee.
9. Tom asked Jane why she was so late and added that he had been waiting for half an hour.
10. My mother reminded me to leave the window open when I was using the gas stove.
11. She said she was taking her children to the zoo tomorrow/ the next day and asked me if I would come with them/... and invited me to come with them.
12. The driver asked me to get out of the car and said he had to change a wheel.
13. The policeman asked me what she was wearing/ had been wearing when I last saw her. I asked her if she would like to borrow the book but she thanked me and said that she had read it already.
14. She admitted that she had scratched the car/admitted having scratched the car.

TEST 1

I. 1. c 2. b 3. a 4. b 5. d

II. A. 6. d 7. a 8. c 9. d 10. a 11. d 12. c 13. d 14. b 15. b

B. 16. b 17. c 18. b 19. c 20. c 21. c 22. b 23. d 24. a 25. c 26. d

27. b 28. a 29. b 30. b

C. 31. A (will) 32. B (tells/ told) 33. B (it took)

34. C (not to let) 35. C (be made)

III. A. 36. Introduced 37. Part 38. Acceptable 39. Embrace 40. Away

41. immediately 42. Attention 43. Polite

B. 44. c 45. d 46. b 47. c 48. a

IV. 49. c 50. a 51. d 52. b 53. c

V. 54. d 55. c 56. a 57. d 58. c 59. b 60. a

TEST 2

TEST YOURSELF

I. 1. d 2. c 3. b

II. 4. c 5. b

III. 6. d 16.d 7. a 8. C 9. C 10. a 11. b 12. a 13. d 14. b 15.d

17. c 18. c 19. b 20. b 21. try 22. finding 23. went - have not been 24. will open 25. was created

• 1. 26. apologized 27. obedient 28. determination 29. Socialization 30. impatiently
  2. 31. B (would be) 32. A (scheduled) 33. B (did not travel) 34. C (becoming) 35. B (0)

VII. 36. b 37. a 38. c 39. d40. a 41. b42. b43. c 44. b 45. d

VIII. 46. c 47. b 48. c49. d 50. a

IX. 51. c 52. a 53. d

X. 54. d 55. b