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UNIT 2: CULTURAL DIVERSITY

Check (V) the correct column according to how the -ed is pronounced.

/t/ /d/ ./id/ /t/ /d/ /id/

1. talked 11.enjoyed

2. missed 12.decided

3. washed 13.rugged

4. called 14.watched

5. occurred' 15.rented

6. wretched 16. robbed

7. invited 17.faxed

8. polluted 18.laughed

9. studied 19.helped

10. closed 20.demanded

Complete these sentences with the correct form of the verbs in the box.

1. The negotiations have been in a positive manner.
2. She used to in him whenever she had a problem.
3. Verbs are usually by the subject in English.
4. Your health is in part by what you eat.
5. This is the most efficient way to build up and a reasonable level of physical fitness.

6. Most mothers will themselves for the sake of their children.

1. They are to sell their house in order to pay their debts.
2. Customers have the right to

faulty goods and a refund.

1. I had always been

by the idea of working abroad.

1. At 115, Mrs. Jackson is to be the oldest person in the country.

Fill in each blank with the correct form of the word in brackets.

1. I think that most people will always seek from tìieừ parents, (approve)
2. The UN has responsibility for the . of international peace and Security, (maintain) ‘
3. There is a need for greater , and choice in education, (diversify)
4. Students need to

have time for relaxation and activities, as well as for academic work, (culture),

1. You must have a good education, but practical training is . important, (equal)
2. The silver paint, (cone)

roofs of the castlé’s towers had to be painted with a special protective

7 The most important rule in life is always to appear (confide)

1. Her early failures made her even more to succeed, (determine)

9. Females traditionally are moreconcerned with theirown physical than males are. (attract)

10. Parents are under a legal to feed clothe, and educate their children, (oblige)

IV. Complete these sentences, using the present perfect, present perfect progressive, past perfect or past perfect progressive.

1. The children are at the park. They ball for the last two hours, but they don’t seem tired yet. (play)
2. This was the first time we to the castle, even though we Edinburgh a few times before, (be - visit)
3. He his finger and is in a lot of pain. (break)
4. At last the bus came. I for 20 minutes. (wait)
5. Good, the noise . I can start concentrating on my work again, (stop)
6. We were extremely tired at the end of the journey. We for more than hours. (travel)
7. Lisa is still writing letters. She letters all day. (write)
8. My teacher was really annoyed with me. It was the third time I late for school that week, (arrive)
9. I and I feel exhausted. (swim)
10. I my address book. Have you seen it? (lose)

11. He

football all afternoon and needs a shower! (play)

out of breath, (run).

When I last saw John, he and was

1. We the car for 6 months before we discovered it was stolen. (own)
2. I this book on astrophysics for hours and I’m still only on page 6. (read)
3. I ice cream since I ate too much and was sick, (not like)

Underline the correct alternatives.

• 1. It’s not a deep cut, but it is leaving/ is going to leave a scar.
  2. Did you know I am going to buy/ will buy a new car next week?
  3. ‘I’m not sure how I’ll get to the concert’ ‘We can take you. We will pick/ are going to pick you up at 8.00.
  4. We get/ are going to get our exam results on the 20th August.
  5. I’m sorry I can’t come for dinner. I am driving/ will drive to York tonight.
  6. I have to go now. I am going to call! will call you back later today.
  7. Don’t go out now. I will serve am serving lunch and it’ll be cold by the time you get/ will get back., ,
  8. I think I will take! take an umbrella in case it, will rain! rains.
  9. Unless help arrives within the next few days, thousands are starving! are going to starve.
  10. The concert starts/ is going to start at 7.30, not 7.15 as it says in the program.
  11. Tonight France play/ are playing Germany in a match important for both teams.
  12. It’s unlikely that the government will accept/ accept the court’s decision.
  13. Before I will go./ go home tonight, I am going to stop/ stop at the market.
  14. This chair is too heavy for you to carry alone. I will help! am going to help you.
  15. The train will leave/ leaves at 8:15 tomorrow morning, so I am coming! come to the station at 8:00.

Complete these sentences with the future form: will + infinitive; the future continuous; the future perfect or future perfect continuous.

• 1. Will you have lunch with me on 24th? ~I’d love to, but I afraid I then, (do)

my exam

• 1. In a hundred years’ time people to Mars for their holidays, (go)
  2. By the end of my university course I 1,200 lectures, (attend)
  3. Without more cheap housing, families the village and find homes in town, (leave)
  4. Weather forecast says that the rain by the morning and tomorrow will be dry. (clear)
  5. I suppose by now school _for Christmas and you a rest, (close, enjoy)
  6. In two years’ time Morneau for 50 years and show no sign of retiring from the theater, (act)
  7. Don’t ring her up at 10 o’clock; she the children to bed Ring later, (put)
  8. This time next Monday I in a Paris cafe reading Le Figaro, (sit)
  9. am confident that I the report before the end of the week, (finish)
  10. This book on Proust is really difficult. On Saturday I it for a month, and I’m still only half way. (read)
  11. I my car until next week, so you can borrow it if you like, (use)
  12. I’m enjoying the course. I a lot by the time I’ve completed it. (learn)
  13. I’ve got an exam tomorrow, so I can’t come out tonight. I all evening, (revise)
  14. I’m late with my project. I (not finish)

it by the time we’re supposed to hand it in.

Put the verb in brackets into the correct form.

• 1. It’s raining right now. As soon as the rain_ (stop). I’m going to walk down town.
  2. On arrival at home I (find) that she (leave) just a few minutes before.
  3. He (light) a cigarette and (walk) to the door.
  4. I’m sorry I couldn’t stop when I (see) you the other day. I (catch) a train, so I was in a hurry.
  5. She (sleep) for 10 hours! You must wake her.
  6. David (repair) the TV set at the moment. He (work) at it for one hour or so.
  7. Just as I (leave) home for school the telephone (ring).
  8. For the last six months I (have) a job as a hospital porter.
  9. I suppose when I (come) back in two years’ time, they (pull) down all these old buildings.
  10. It’s an hour since he (leave) his office. So he must be home now.
  11. At this time next week they (sit) in the train on their way to Paris.
  12. As soon as I (return) to my desk, I (notice) that my computer (make) a funny noise.
  13. Pedro (change) his major three times since h (start) school.
  14. I (expect) the mail an hour ago, but it (not/come) yet.
  15. While I (walk) up the mountain, I (not/stop) until I (reach) the top.

(get) tired. But I

Complete each of these sentences with an appropriate preposition.

• 1. Do you believe

‘contractual’ marriage?

• 1. What first attract you the study of Buddhism?
  2. In the past, parents usually decided the marriage of their children.
  3. A survey was made to determine the students’ attitudes

love and marriage.

• 1. We’re studying the body’s immune response

the virus.

• 1. He is more concerned what people think about him than anything else.
  2. Few Asian students agreed the American students’ view that wives and husbands should share all thoughts.
  3. A happy marriage should be based love.
  4. There are differences and similarities Vietnamese and American cultures.
  5. I’ve never felt able to confide my sister.

Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first. Use the word(s) in brackets.

• 1. I’ve arranged to have next week off work. (I’m)
  2. This time tomorrow we’ll be in the air over the Atlantic. (flying)
  3. We’ll get to the theater after the beginning of the play, (by the time)
  4. Anderson is the winner of this year’s Grand Prix!(won)
  5. During my dinner, the phone rang, (while)
  6. The parcel has been here for two hours, (arrived)
  7. Weeks passed as Karen lay in hospital, (for)
  8. Jack left the office before I arrived there, (when)
  9. There’s a party at Mary’s house next Sunday, (having)
  10. The last time Nancy came here was in 1996. (since)

PRONUNCIATION

TEST 1

Choose the word that has the underlined part pronounced differently from that of the others.

1. a. diversity b. sacrifice c. oblige d. significant

2. a. weather b. appear c. measure d. pleasure

3. a. confided b. obliged c. determined d. agreed

4. a. unwise b. develops c. values d. equals

5. a. ancestor b. celebrate c. conical d. certain

1. LANGUAGE FOCUS
2. Choose the one word or phrase - a, b, c or d - that best completes the sentences.
3. We need a decision

this project by next week.

• 1. in b. on c. with d. to

7. Attitudes seniors and their roles will have to change.

a. for b. of c. towards d. on

1. A large number of India men agreed that it was unwise to confide. their wives.
   1. in. b. on c. of d. with
2. Approval or of the project is up to the Italian cultural affairs minister.
   1. rejection b. admission c. prevention d. decision
3. The culture has been with the arrival of immigrants.
   1. diverse b. diversified c. diverged d. diverted
4. The Foreign Minister held talks with his Chinese
   1. partner b. colleague c. counterpart d. collaborator
5. Safely should take

over all other matters in the workplace.

• 1. precede b. precedent c. preceding d. precedence

1. Parents are by law to send their children to school.
   1. obliged b. confided c. demanded d. conducted
2. Some people are concerned with physical when choosing a wife or husband.
   1. attract b. attractive c. attractiveness d. attractively
3. She was prepared to . having a family in order to pursue her career,
   1. satisfy b. sacrifice c. maintain d. confide

Choose the one word or phrase - a, b, c or d - that best completes the sentences.

1. She said she met you once at the Parade last week. since?
   1. Have you met her b. Had you met her

c. Did you meet her d. Did you meet her

1. Several years after they up they met again by chance in Paris.
   1. have split b. had split c. were split d. had been splitting
2. By this time tomorrow, Peter for the graduation examination, so now he feels very nervous.
   1. will sit b. is sitting c. will be sitting d. will have sitting
3. Please turn off the stove. The water for more than fifteen minutes,
   1. is boiling b. was boiling

c. will be boiling d. has been boiling

1. I am sorry I cannot hear what you because everybody so loudly.
   1. are saying - talk b. have just said - is talking

c. were saying - has talked d. said - was talking

1. They the job by this time tomorrow.
   1. will finish b. will be finishing c. will have finished d. are finishing
2. We tennis for half an hour when it started to rain.
   1. was playing b. has been playing c. had been playing d. would be playing
3. We _ at a hotel in Miami when the hurrican

southern Florida last month.

• 1. were staying- hit b. stayed - hit

c. had stayed - hit d. stayed - was hitting

1. I must just go and wash, I .
   1. have gardened b. have been gardening

c. had gardened d. was gardening

1. Alex’s plane at 10:15 tomorrow morning, but I can’t pick him up.
   1. will arrive b. is arriving c. will be arriving d. arrives
2. I Jane tonight, so I will pass your message on to her.
   1. meet b. will be meeting c. am meeting d. will have met
3. In every culture, people jewelry since prehistoric times.
   1. wear b. wore c. have worn d. had worn
4. I Bob’s pen to him the next time I him.
   1. will return - see b. will return-will see

c. return - will see d. return - see

1. I the time when I first as a teacher.
   1. won’t forget - work b. will never forget - worked

c. never forget - have worked d. never forgot - had worked

1. I on the left because I’ve lived in Britain for a long time.
   1. used to drive b. am used to drive

c. get used to driving d. am used to driving

C. Identify the one underlined word or phrase - A, B, C or D - that must be changed for the sentence to be correct.

1. TheAmericans are much more concerned than the Chinesewith physical

A B

attractive when choosing a wife or a husband.

C D

1. Please be sure to call me as soon as you will find out anything about the meeting.

A B C D

1. A large number of Indian men agrees that it. is unwise to confide in their wives.

A B C D

1. In 1992, Bill Clinton has become president of the United States, beating

A B C

his opponent by a wide margin.

D

35. A basic knowledge of social studies. such as history and geography.

A B

is considering a basic part of the education of every child.

C D

READING.

1. Fill in each blank with one appropriate word from the box.

invitations firm Impolite common punctual polite reschedule location

Americans tend to be very (36) people. This is often expressed in Conversations. It is (37) for an American to end a conversation by saying:

“Let’s get together sometime,” “Come by for a visit when you have a chance,” or “Let’s meet for coffee.” However, these (38) are usually not intended to be taken literally., An

Invitation is not (39) unless a time and place is set.

If you have accepted an invitation or if a meeting has been set, Americans usually expect you to arrive at the agreed (40) at the right time. It is considered (41) to accept an invitation and not show up or to arrive more than 10 to 20 minutes late. Americans tend to be quite (42) . If you have to cancel an appointment or know that you will not be able to be on time, you should call your friend or host to cancel or (43)

Read the passage carefully, then choose the correct answers.

I was an MBA student in the USA and I lived in the university’s coed dormitory. In my culture, usually, if a woman talks to a man, it is a sign of romantic interest. Therefore, in the first few days of school, I found it strange that so many women were talking to me and I was under the impression that some women on my dormitory floor were interested in me. To return , their politeness, I would buy them flowers or offer small gifts, as is done in my country. However, I was quite surprised to see that these same women now seemed uncomfortable around me. One was even quite offended and told me to leave her alone. Eventually I talked to the residence adviser on my floor to see what I was doing wrong, and he explained to me the way men and women usually interact in the USA. I was quite relieved to hear that nothing was Wrong with me, but rather with the way I was interpreting my conversations with women. Even though I did not find the love of my life while I was in the USA, I still made many good female friends afterwards with whom still maintain contact.

44.

The writer came to the US to get

a. a university degree, in Arts b. a second university degree in business

c. a Doctor of Philosophy d. a Master of Arts

45. In the writer’s country, women

a. often fall in love with men b. like talking to men

c. never talk to men d. don’t often talk to men

1. In the first few days of school, the writer .
   1. spent so much money on flowers and gifts
   2. found it difficult to make friends with women
   3. misunderstood the openness of American women
   4. was impressed by American women
2. How did the writer feel when he was explained the way men and women usually interact in the USA?
   1. confused b. happy c. surprise d. disappointed
3. We can conclude, from the passage, that in the United States .
   1. men and women often have long-term relationships that have no romantic involvement.
   2. college campuses are a place where many ideas are discussed freely
   3. people can sometimes seem brusque or impatient
   4. people are usually eager to explain anything in which you might be interested

SPEAKING

Choose the phrase or sentence - a, b, c or d - that best completes the conversation.

1. A: Personally, I think a happy marriage should be based on love.

B: !

• 1. Oh, I hope so b. It’s all right c. I definitely agree d. Good idea

1. A: I’m not sure about this soup. It tastes like something’s missing.

B: It tastes fine to me.

• 1. You’re right. b. Oh, I don’t know,

c. I couldn't agree more. d. I don’t think so.

1. A: It seems to me, that, spring is the most beautiful time of year.

B: It really is lovely!

• 1. You’re exactly right! b. You could be right,

c. You’re dead wrong. d. I couldn’t agree less.

1. A: children nowadays watch too much TV. B: Absolutely!
   1. In my conclusion b. In my opinion c. As you see d. As a matter of fact
2. A: This grammar test is the hardest one we’ve ever had this semester!

B: but I think it’s quite easy.

• 1. I couldn’t disagree more, b. I understand what you’re saying,

c. You’re right, . d. I don’t see it that’ way,

WRITING

Choose the sentence-a, b, c or d-which is closest in meaning to the printed one.

1. It is open to question as to whether Jane will get the job.
   1. The question is whether Jane will get the job or not.
   2. It is not certain that Jane will get the job.
   3. Jane is being interviewed for the job.
   4. If Jane could answer the question, she would get job.
2. Twice as many men as women are insurance agents.
   1. More men than women have insurance.
   2. Women are twice as likely as men to have insurance.
   3. Insurance is twice as difficult to sell to women as to men.
   4. Male insurance agents outnumber female agents.
3. James was the last to know about the change of the schedule.
   1. The last thing James knew was the change,^ schedule. .
   2. At last James was able to know about the change of schedule. '
   3. James was among the last people informed of the change of schedule.
   4. Everyone had heard about the change of schedule before James did.
4. wasn’t a bit surprised to hear that Kate had failed her driving test.
   1. That Kate had failed in her driving test surprised me a bit.
   2. I was surprised that Kate had passed her driving test.
   3. It came as no surprise to me to hear that Kate hadn’t passed her driving test.
   4. Surprisingly, Kate had failed her driving test.
5. We’ll go camping as long as the weather is good. , .
   1. Only if the weather is fine will we go camping.
   2. If the weather is better, we will go camping.
   3. The weather is good when we will go camping.
   4. We’ll go camping immediately after the weather is good. .
6. My father hasn’t smoked for three years.
   1. My father started smoking three years ago.
   2. My father smoked a lot in three years.
   3. My father stopped smoking three years ago.
   4. My father won’t continue smoking in three years’ time.
7. The secret to Success is hard work.
   1. Working hard ensures success.
   2. One must work hard to keep secrets.
   3. One cannot succeed if he has secrets,
   4. If you keep your work secret, you will succeed.

TEST 2

I. PRONUNCIATION

A. Choose the word that has the underlined part pronounced differently from that of the others.

1. a. precede b. reject c. schedule d. wedding

2. a. takes b. pens c. boats d. traps

3. a. romantic b. marriage c. attract d. private

4. a. tension b. decision c. provision d. precision

5. a. stopped b. talked c. married d. passed

B. Choose the word that has the man stress placed differently from that of the others.

6. a. obliged b. contractual c. determine d. counterpart

7. a. conical b. marriage c. romantic d. sacrifice

8. a. confide b. banquet . c. cultural d. attitude

9. a. engage b. ceremony c. majority d. maintain

10. a. similarity b. independent c. generation d. diversity

LANGUAGE FOCUS

1. Choose the word or phrase - a, b, c or d - that best completes the sentence or substitutes for the underlined part
2. She sacrificed her career her children.
   1. to b. for c. on d. with
3. In my opinion, a happy marriage should be based love.
   1. in b. to c. on d. of
4. In Vietnam, two, three or even four generations live one roof.
   1. in b. over c. with d. under
5. My father has an older sister he hasn’t seen thirty years.
   1. since b. in c. during d. for
6. Jane has become to Roger, and the wedding will be in April.
   1. proposed b. engaged c. settled d. agreed
7. A state banquet was hold in honour of the visiting President
   1. celebration b. feast c. Ceremony d. anniversary
8. Most young people nowadays believe in marriage first comes love, then comes marriage.
   1. romantic b. unique c. contractual d. arranged
9. marriages, which are usually decided by the parents, are usually seen in Indian and African cultures.
   1. Romantic b. Arranged c. Modern d. Open
10. It’s sometimes hard to the right balance between your work and your home life.
    1. maintain b. conserve b. demand d. support
11. She was full of to achieve her goals.
    1. decision b. sacrifice c. obligation d. determination
12. The young Americans are usually with physical attractiveness when choosing a wife or a husband.
    1. concerned b. interested c. conscious d. critical
13. Women are still fighting for greater between the sexes.
    1. diversity b. agreement c. equality d. maintenance
14. I don’t feel any to give my boss more than two weeks’ notice when I leave.
    1. oblige b. obligatory c. obliged d. obligation
15. In a new culture, many embarrassing situations occur a misunderstanding.
    1. despite b. account of c. because of d. result in
16. Unfortunately, not all candidates can be offered a job; some have to be
    1. required b. rejected c. remained d. resigned

Choose the word or phrase - a, b, c or d - that best completes the sentences.

1. This large goat in the mountains of Switzerland.
   1. only lives b. is only living c. has only lived d. only lived
2. Charles is a gifted footballer, but up to now he well in the international matches.
   1. doesn’t play b. didn’t play c. hasn’t placed d. wasn’t playing
3. The committee

four times last week, but still no decision

• 1. met - has been reached b. has met - has reached

c. met — is reached d. had met - was reached

1. So far this week. I two testsand a quiz.
   1. had b. have had c. will have d. was having 30 to the opera when you lived in Milan?

a. Have you ever gone b. Were you ever going

c. Did you ever go d. Had you ever gone

1. I one of my special desserts for dinner, if you like.
   1. make b. am making c. am going to make d. will make
2. I have never played table tennis before. This is the first time I

to play.

• 1. try b. tried c. have tried d. am trying

1. There’s no point asking John for a lift - he

by now.

• 1. is leaving b. will leave c. will be leaving d. will have left

1. Before I went to university, I as a carpenter for about five years.
   1. worked b. used to work c. have worked d. was working
2. I won’t be able to meet you nextweek. I in London for a few days.
   1. will stay b. will bestaying c. will have stayed d. am staying
3. Mary on the essay for two hours now and she hopes that she ~ it in one more hour.
   1. is working -can finish b. has been working -will finish

c. will have worked - finishes d. had been working -would finish

1. It’s getting very humid - we a thunderstorm.
   1. will have b. are having c. are going to have d. have
2. I a lot of interesting people while I in Norway.
   1. met – worked b. was meeting – was ’working

c. met - was working d. was meeting - worked

1. We for about an hour when the engine suddenly stopped,
   1. was driving b. have driven

c. have been driving d. had been driving

1. You for five straight hours. Why don’t you take a break.
   1. Studied b. was studying c. had studied d. have been studying

Identify the one underlined word or phrase - A, B, C or D - that must be changed for the sentence to be correct.

1. For many international students, American dating and relationship rituals

A B C

can be one of the most difficult thing to understand.

D

1. If the stain doesn’t come out of your shirt when you wash it, try to soak it

A B C

first in bleach; D

1. Janet is finally used to cook on an electric stove after having a gas one for so long.

A B C D

1. You can apply for a better job when you will have had more experience.

A B C D

1. Scholars have been unable to determine if the frescoes were painted by Giotto.

A B C D

READING

1. Choose the word or phrase - a, b, c or d - that best fits the blank space in the following passage.

Table manners are important in America, and may be (46) from those of your country. In general, Americans try to eat neatly, without making a lot of noise. If something on the table is out of their (47) they politely ask someone to pass it to them. Food should be lifted up to the mouth. Do not

(48) over to eat it. Sit tip as straight as you can without being uncomfortable. Do not talk with your mouth (49)

Table napkins are placed on your lap, (50) in half if they are very large. Use your fork, knife and spoon to eat your food. There are some (51) like lobster and corn on the cob, cookies, shrimp, and fried chicken and other foods. Better watch what other

people do. (52)

you. do eat with your hands, don’t lick your

fingers to clean them. Use the napkin carefully. If you have to take food (53) your mouth, such as a pit or bone, do it carefully and quietly. It is not polite to pick your teeth at the table to remove (54) food. If you must do this before the end of the meal, (55)

yourself and go to the restroom.

46. a. contrary b. separate c. different d. similar

47. a. way b. reach c. direction d. vision

48. a. bend b. hang c. bow d. . look

49. a. open. b. full c. empty d. close

50. a. used b. passed c. curved d. folded

51. a. regulations b. solutions c. exceptions d. experiences

52. a. If b. Even c. Unless d. Only if

53. a. to b. up to c. out d. out of

54. a. solid b. stuffed c. stuck d. trapped

1. a. sorry b. excuse c. apologize d. explain

Read the passage carefully, then choose the correct answer.

These days, most people in Britain and the US do not wear very formal clothes. But sometimes it is important wear the right thing.

Many British people don’t think about clothes very much. They just like to be comfortable. When they go out to enjoy themselves, they can wear almost anything. At theatres, cinemas and concerts, you can put on what you like from elegant suits and dresses to jeans and sweaters. Anything goes, as long as you look clean and tidy.

But in Britain, as well as the US, men in offices usually wear suits and ties, arid women wear dresses or skirts (not trousers). Doctors, lawyers and business people wear quite formal clothes. And in some hotels' and restaurants men have to wear ties and women wear smart dresses.

In many years, Americans are more relaxed than British people, but they are more careful with their clothes. At home, or on holiday, most Americans wear informal or sporty clothes. But when they go out in the evening, they like to look elegant. In good hotels and restaurants, men have to wear jackets and ties, and women wear pretty clothes and smart hairstyles.

It is difficult to say exactly what people wear informal or formal in Britain and the US, because everyone is different. If you are not sure what to wear, watch what other people do and then do the same. You’ll feel more relaxed if you don’t look too different from everyone else.

1. Many British people wear freely when they .
   1. attend meetings b. attend lectures

c. spend their spare time d. meet their friends

1. Who doesn’t usually wear suits and ties?
   1. Lawyers b. Doctors c. Drivers d. Accountants
2. If you visit an American friend at home in the evening, you may find that your friend wears
   1. pretty clothes b. informal clothes c. formal clothes d. plain clothes
3. If you are in a foreign country, the best way the writer suggests to you is to wear
   1. strange clothes b. as the people there do

c. your native clothes d. comfortable clothes

1. What do you think the passage is mainly about?
   1. Recent dressing habit in Great Britain and the United States. -
   2. The reason why informal clothing is popular in the UK and USA.
   3. When we should wear in a formal way.
   4. Where we should wear in a formal way.

IV. WRITING

Choose the correct sentence which is built from the words given.

1. eating/ most Americans/ hold/ fork/ hand/ write//
   1. When most Americans are eating, they hold fork in the hand which they write.
   2. When eating, most Americans hold the fork in the hand with that they write.
   3. When eating, most Americans hold a fork in the hand with which they write.
   4. When most Americans eating, they hold a fork in hand they write with.
2. cultures/ arranged marriages/ tradition/ hand down many generations//
   1. In some cultures, arranged marriage is a tradition handing down through' many generations.
   2. In some cultures, arranged marriage is a tradition handed down through many generations.
   3. For some cultures, arranged marriage is a tradition hands down through many generations.
   4. To some cultures, arranged marriage is a tradition handed down through many generations.
3. Even today/ majority of Indians/ India/ marriages/ their parents//
   1. Even today an overwhelming majority of Indians in India have their marriages planned by their parents.
   2. Even today a majority of Indians in India have their parents to plan their marriages.
   3. Even today, majority of Indians , in India have their parents plan for their marriages.
   4. Even today a majority of Indians in. India have their marriages plan by their parents.
4. Romantic marriage/ the couple/ emotional bond/ their wedding//
   1. A Romantic marriage is the couple who has emotional bond with each other prior to their wedding.
   2. Romantic marriage is the one in which the couple has an emotional bond together prior wedding.
   3. Romantic marriage is a marriage to which the couple has emotional bond with one another prior to their wedding.
   4. A Romantic marriage is one in which the couple has an emotional bond with one another prior to their wedding.
5. She/experienced/great/culture shock/first/Europe//
   1. She had experienced great culture shock when she first came to Europe.
   2. She experienced great culture shock when she first came to Europe.
   3. She is experienced great culture shock when she has first come to Europe.
   4. She experienced great culture shock when she was coming to Europe first.

ĐÁP ÁN

UNIT 2

19. /t/ 20. /id/

1. 1. conducted 2. Confide 3. preceded 4. determined 5. maintain

6. sacrifice 7. Obliged 8. reject – demand 9. attracted 10. believed

1. 1. approval 2. maintenance 3. diversity 4. cultural 5. equally

6. conical 7. Confidence 8. Determined 9. attractiveness 10. obligation

IV.

1. have been playing 9. have been swimming
2. had been - had visited 10. have lost
3. has broken 11. has been playing
4. had been waiting 12. had been running
5. has stopped 13. had owned
6. had been traveling 14. have been reading (‘have read’ is also possible)
7. has been writing 15. haven’t liked
8. had arrived

V.

• 1. is going to leave
  2. am going to buy
  3. will pick
  4. get
  5. am driving
  6. will call
  7. am serving - get
  8. will take - rains
  9. are going to starve
  10. starts
  11. play
  12. will accept
  13. go - am going to stop
  14. will help
  15. leaves - am coming

VI.

1. will be doing

2. will be going

3. will have attended

4. will leave

5. will have cleared

6. will have closed — will be enjoying

7. will have been acting/ will have acted

8. will be putting

9. will be sitting

10. will have finished

11. will have been reading

12. won’t be using/ won’t use

13. will have learned

14. will be revising

15. won’t have finished

VII.

1. stops

2. found - had left

3. lit - walked

4. saw - was catching

5. has been sleeping

6. is repairing - has been working

7. had left - rang

8. have had

9. come - will have pulled

10. left

11. will be sitting

12. returned - noticed - was making

13. has changed - started

14. expected - hasn’t come

15. was walking - got - didn’t stop - reached

1. 1. in 2. to 3. on 4. towards/ to 5. to

6. about/ for 7. with 8. on 9. between 10. in

1. 1. I’m having/ I’m going to have next week off work.
   1. This time tomorrow we’ll be flying over the Atlantic.
   2. By the time we get to the theater, the play will have begun.
   3. Anderson has won this year’s Grand Prix!
   4. While I was having my dinner, the phone rang.
   5. The parcel arrived two hours ago.
   6. Karen lay in hospital for weeks.
   7. When I arrived at the office, Jack had left.
   8. Next Sunday Mary is having a party at her house.
   9. Nancy hasn’t been here since 1996.

TEST 1

B. 16. a 17. b 18. c 19. d 20. b 21. c 22.c 23.a

26. c 27. c 28. a 29. b 30. d

C. 31. C (attractiveness) 32. B (find) 33. B (agree)

34. A (became) 35. C (considered)

III. A. 36. polite 37. common 38. invitations 39. firm 40. location

41. impolite 42. punctual 43. reschedule