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PHẦN 1

UNIT 11: READING & VOCABULARY

VOCABULARY

alternative (a)

at the same time (exp) available (a)

balloon (n) coal (n) cost (v) dam (n)

electricity (n) energy (n ) exhausted (a) fossil fuel (n)

geothermal heat (n) infinite (a)

make use of (exp) nuclear energy (a) oil (n) plentiful (a) pollution (n) power demand (n) release (v)

thay thế

cùng lúc đó sẵn có

bong bóng than đá

tốn (tiền)

đập (ngăn nước) điện

năng lượng cạn kiệt

nhiên liệu hóa thạch địa nhiệt

vô hạn tận dụng

năng lượng hạt nhân dầu

nhiều

sự ô nhiễm

nhu cầu sử dụng điện

reserve (n) roof (n) safe (a) sailboat (n) save (v)

solar energy (n) solar panel (n) wave (n) windmill (n)

phóng ra trữ lượng mái nhà

an toàn thuyền buồm

tiết kiệm năng lượng mặt trời tấm thu năng lượng mặt trời sóng (nước)

cối xay gió

READING

*) Before you read

Work in pairs. Answer the following questions.

• 1. What source of energy does each picture above refer to?

Wind energy Solar energy Water energy

What do we need energy for?

—> We need energy to cook, to light, to heat, or cool the house and to run machines...

*) While you read

STRUCTURES AND PHRASES.

1. Within a relatively short time. trong khoảng thời gian tương đối ngắn.
2. Meet the world’s demands/ needs. đáp ứng được nhu cầu của thế giới.

3. A large amount of/ large amounts of energy. một lượng lớn năng lượng.

1. The energy can be changed into electricity. Năng lượng này có thể được chuyển hóa thành điện.
2. Not only… but also. không những... mà còn…
3. Make full use of. tận dụng triệt để

Tham khảo bản dịch. Hiện nay, hầu hết năng lượng của chúng ta đến từ nhiên liệu hóa thạch (than, dầu mỏ và khí tự nhiên). Tuy nhiên, trữ lượng này là có hạn. Bởi vì nhu cầu điện đang tăng rất nhanh, nhiên liệu hóa thạch sẽ cạn kiệt trong một thời gian tương đối ngắn. Vì vậy, con người phải phát triển và sử dụng các nguồn năng lượng thay thếMột trong những nguồn năng lượng thay thế này là nguồn năng lượng hạt nhân. Năng lượng hạt nhân có thể cung cấp đủ điện cho nhu cầu của thế giới trong hàng trăm năm, nhưng nó có thể rất nguy hiểm. Một nguồn năng lượng thay thế khác nữa là địa nhiệt đến từ sâu bên trong trái đất. Các nhà khoa học sử dụng loại nhiệt này để tạo ra năng lượng. Tuy nhiên, năng lượng này chỉ sẵn có ở một vài nơi trên thế giới.

Mặt trời, nước và gió là những nguồn năng lượng thay thế khác. Gió làm quay cối xay gió và di chuyển thuyền buồm. Đó là một nguồn năng lượng sạch và có rất nhiều. Thật không may là, nếu gió không thổi thì cũng không có năng lượng gió. Khi nước di chuyển từ một nơi cao xuống nơi thấp hơn, nó tạo ra năng lượng. Tuy nhiên, con

người phải xây đập để sử dụng nguồn năng lượng này. Xây đập tốn rất nhiều tiền, vì vậy năng lượng nước cũng đắt đỏ. Mặt trời giải phóng một lượng lớn năng lượng mỗi ngày. Năng lượng này có thể được chuyển hóa thành điện năng. Nhiều quốc gia sử dụng năng lượng mặt trời cho cuộc sống hằng ngày của họ. Tấm pin mặt trời trên mái nhà có thể tạo ra đủ năng lượng để sưởi ấm hoặc làm mát toàn bộ ngôi nhà. Năng lượng mặt trời không chỉ phong phú và vô hạn mà còn sạch sẽ và an toàn.

Mặc dù có một số nhược điểm, tiềm năng của các nguồn năng lượng thay thế là rất lớn. Tuy nhiên, làm thế nào để có thể tận dụng triệt để các nguồn năng lượng là một câu hỏi dành cho các nhà nghiên cứu trên toàn thế giới.

Task 1. The words in the box all appear in the passage. Fill each blank with a suitable word (Use a dictionary u hen necessary).

Alternative limited energy released exhausted

• 1. l. Six hundred balloons were released at the ceremony.
  2. They are looking for alternative methods of making it.
  3. People use energy to run machines, heat and cool their homes.
  4. The food in the restaurant is cheap, but the choice is rather limited.
  5. Fuel supplies are nearly exhausted.

Task 2. Scan the passage and write down the advantage(s) and disadvantage(s) of each alternative source of energy.

Task 3. Answer the questions.

1. What is our major source of energy?

—> Our major source of energy comes from fossil fuels.

How many sources of energy are mentioned in the text, and which one do you think has the most potential?

—> Five sources of energy are mentioned in the text. They are nuclear power, solar energy, water power, wind power, geothermal heat. I think solar energy is the most potential.

After you read

Complete the summary of the reading passage by filling each blank with a suitable word from the box.

One environment alternative limited Unlimited Sources energy fuels

We need energy to live and work. Our major source of (1) energy is oil. Oil is (2) one kind of fossil fuel. The amount of fossil (3) fuels in the world is (4) limited. Therefore, we must save it, and at the same time, we must find new sources of energy. Geothermal heat and nuclear power are (5) alternative sources of energy. They can give us electricity. Other alternative (6) sources are the sun, waves and water. These sources are not only (7) unlimited and available but also clean and safe for the (8) environment. People should develop and use them more and more in the future.

UNIT 11: READING & VOCABULARY

(Bài tập tự luyện)

Exercise 1. PRONUNCIATION

Choose the words that has the underlined part pronounced differently from that of the others.

1. A. exhaust B. source C. enormous D. cause
2. A. sun B. solar C. safe

D. sure

1. A. heat B. great C. release
   1. reach
2. A. geothermal B. power C. solar
   1. hydro
3. A. polluted B. consume C. nuclear
   1. fuel

Exercise 2. Complete the sentence with the correct form of the verb in the box.

exhaust release alternate research relate

supply renew pollute harm finite

1. Coal, gas and oil are forms of energy that can not be replaced after used.
2. The nuclear plant provides a fifth of the nation's energy .
3. Solar energy is not only plentiful and _ _ but also clean and safe.
4. Increased consumption will lead to faster _ of our natural resources.
5. Electricity companies were criticized for failing to develop _ energy sources.
6. Oxygen from the water is into the atmosphere.
7. Fossil fuels will be exhausted within a

short time.

1. How to make full use of these sources of energy is a question for _ all over the world.
2. These pesticides are environmentally _.
3. Water power provides energy without .

Exercise 3. Read the text below and decide which answer - a, b, c or d -best fits each space.

Although they are safe to use in the short term, coal, gas and oil present a long-term

(1)

to the environment. All three types of fossil fuels produce carbon dioxide

in (2) greater.quantities than plants can use. The carbon dioxide then (3)

in the atmosphere and may even increase the earth's 'heat load' and lead to global (4) _ in temperature. Furthermore, all three fossil 'fuels are (5) _ forms of energy. Geothermal power is (6) _ ever to be an energy source of major importance. It is limited and is exploitable in only a few places. Hydro-power offers a much more useful source of energy. It is also renewable but its (7) is limited. Dams cannot be built in certain areas. In addition, large dams are also (8)

of causing changes in the world's climate. Wind power is a (9) source of renewable energy but it cannot be used in many parts of the world where there is

(10) wind. Wave power is better source of energy in certain ways but it is clearly not practicable to build (11) _ across every river estuary or to cover seas with expensive equipment. It is also ineffective where the sea is usually calm. Solar power is renewable, it does not cause pollution and it does not add to the earth's heat

(12) _. Unfortunately, solar power is not distributed equally, and in the northern latitudes it is difficult to (13) and store. Solar power' also requires expensive equipment. Finally, nuclear power provides a very (14) _ and renewable power source. However, not only is there a great danger of leaks or accidents but there is also the problem of the (15) of radioactive waste.

1. A. warning B. fight C. threat

D. demand

1. A. more B. far C. very

D. every

1. A. accumulates B. disperses C. discharges D. releases

12. A. loss B. exhaustion C. dispersion D. load

Exercise 4. Read the passage carefully, then choose the correct answers.

The search for alternative sources of energy has led in various directions. Many communities are burning garbage and other biological waste products to produce electricity- Converting waste products to gases or oil is also an efficient way to dispose of wastes. Experimental work is being done to derive synthetic fuels from coal, oil shale, and coal tars. But to date, that process has proven expensive. Other experiments are underway to harness power with giant windmills. Geothermal power is also being tested. Some experts expect utility companies to revive hydroelectric power derived from streams and rivers. Fifty years ago hydroelectricpower provided one third of the electricity used in the United States, but to day it supplies only 4 percent. The oceans are another potential source of energy. Scientists are studying ways to convert the energy of ocean currents, tides, and waves to electricity. Experiments are also underway to make use of temperature differences in ocean water to produce energy.

What is the best title of the passage?

• 1. The Use of Water Products for Energy
  2. The Search for Alternative Sources of Energy
  3. Efficient Ways of Disposing of Waste
  4. New Discoveries in Geothermal Power

What provided one third of the electricity in the United States fifty years ago?

• 1. wind B. waste products C. water D. oil

What could Rest replace the phrase 'geothermal power' in the passage?

• 1. heat from the earth
  2. gases in the earth's atmosphere
  3. steam that shot up out of the earth
  4. water in the ocean, lake, or river

Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage as an alternative source of energy?

• 1. Burning of garbage
  2. Geothermal power
  3. Synthetic fuels
  4. Electricity.

According to the author, what is the impracticability of using coal, oil shale and coal tars' as sources of energy due to?

• 1. They take a lot of time
  2. They are expensive
  3. They are non-renewable resources
  4. They are scarce resources

sources.

1. Oxygen from the water is released into the atmosphere.
2. Fossil fuels will be exhausted within a relatively short time.
3. How to make full use of these sources of energy is a question for researchers all over the world.
4. These pesticides are environmentally harmful.
5. Water power provides energy without pollution.

Exercise 3. Read the text below and decide which answer - a, b, c or d -best fits each space.

1. A. warning B. fight C. threat

D. demand

1. A. more B. far C. very

D. every

1. A. accumulates B. disperses C. discharges D. releases

Exercise 4. Read the passage carefully, then choose the correct answers.

1. What is the best title of the passage?
   1. The Use of Water Products for Energy
   2. The Search for Alternative Sources of Energy
   3. Efficient Ways of Disposing of Waste
   4. New Discoveries in Geothermal Power

What provided one third of the electricity in the United States fifty years ago?

• 1. wind B. waste products C. water D. oil

What could Rest replace the phrase 'geothermal power' in the passage?

• 1. heat from the earth
  2. gases in the earth's atmosphere
  3. steam that shot up out of the earth
  4. water in the ocean, lake, or river

Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage as an alternative source of energy?

• 1. Burning of garbage
  2. Geothermal power
  3. Synthetic fuels
  4. Electricity.

According to the author, what is the impracticability of using coal, oil shale and coal tars' as sources of energy due to?

• 1. They take a lot of time
  2. They are expensive
  3. They are non-renewable resources
  4. They are scarce resources

What can be inferred from the paragraph?

• 1. All alternative production of energy will be derived from water.
  2. Hydroelectric power will be the main source of energy.
  3. Synthetic fuels will be the principal source of alternative energy.
  4. Alternative energy will come from a variety of sources.

PHẦN 2

UNIT 11: SPEAKING & LISTENING

(Tài liệu bài giảng)

Lesson 2. Speaking and Listening. SPEAKING

Task 1. The following statements list some advantages and disadvantages of various sources of energy. Read and tick (V) the appropriate box A (for the advantages) or D (for the disadvantages), then compare the results with partner's.

Task 2. Work in pairs. Talk with your friend about the advantages and disadvantages of using each alternative source of energy, using the suggestions from Task 1.

Wind solar

A: I think that can be an alternative source of energy. B: Why do you think so?

A: Because our major sources of energy are running out while wind is abundant and unlimited.

B: I know it is also clean and safe to the environment. However, it is not available when there is no wind.

Solar energy

A: I think that solar energy can be an alternative source of energy. B: Why do you think so?

A: Because our major sources of energy are running out while solar energy is plentiful and infinite.

B: I know it is also clean and safe to the environment. However, it is only possible during the day time.

Nuclear power

A:I think that nuclear power can be an alternative source of energy B: Why do you think so?

A: Because our major sources of energy are running out while nuclear power is unlimited.

B: However, it can be very dangerous.

A nuclear reactor releases radiation which is harmful to the environment.

Water power

A: I think that water power can be an alternative source of energy. B: Why do you think so?

A: Because our major sources of energy are running out while water is unlimited.

B: I know it also provides energy without pollution. However, it is expensive to build a dam for hydroelectricity.

Geothermal heat

A: I think that geothermal heat can be an alternative source of energy. B: Why do you think so?

A: Because our major sources of energy are running out while this heat is available.

B: I know it also provides energy without pollution.

However, it is possible only in a few places in the world.

Task 3. Work in groups. Express your belief on the increasing use of alternative source of energy in the future, using the ideas from Task 2.

LISTENING TAPESCRIPT

The natural environment includes all natural resources that are necessary for life. the

air. the oceans, the sun and the land. Because they are vital for life these resources

must be protected from pollution and conserved. Ecologists study their importance and how to use them carefully.

According to ecologists, resources are divided into 2 groups. renewable and non- renewable. When a resource can be replaced quickly, it is called renewable. If it cannot be replaced quickly and easily, it is non renewable. For example grass for animals is a renewable resource. When cows eat the grass, the resource is used. If the soil is fertilized and protected, more grass will grow. Coal, however, is nonrenewable because it takes millions of years to make coal. All fossil fuels are non renewable resources.

Solar energy, air, and water are renewable resources because there is an unlimited supply. However, this definition may be changed if people are not careful with these resources. The amount of solar energy that reaches the earth depends on the atmosphere. If the atmosphere is polluted, the solar energy that reaches the earth may be dangerous. If life is going to continue, the air must contain the correct amount of nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), carbon dioxide (CO.), and other gases. If humans continue to pollute the air, it will not contain the correct amount of these gases.

Solar energy, air, and water are renewable resources because there is an unlimited supply. However, this definition may change if people are not careful with these resources. The amount of solar energy that reaches the earth depends on the atmosphere. If the atmosphere is polluted, the solar energy that reaches the earth may be dangerous. If life is going to continue, the air must contain the correct amount of nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), carbon dioxide (CO), and other gases. If humans continue to pollute the air, it will not contain the correct amount of these gases.

While you listen

Task 1. Listen and complete the sentences by circling the letter A, B, C orD.

• • 1. Ecology is the study of…………..
       1. human beings and animals
       2. the environment and solar energy
       3. natural and alternative resources
       4. human beings and their environment

The natural environment consists of……………….

• • • 1. the oceans and the land B. the sun and the air

1. all natural resources
2. the air and the oceans

If the resource can be…………., it is called renewable.

• • • 1. burnt quickly
      2. used easily
      3. divided properly
      4. replaced quickly

Grass for animals is a………….resource.

• • • 1. renewable B. nonrenewable

C. limited D. clean

According to the passage, coal is nonrenewable because it takes ………to make it.

• • • 1. billions of years B. millions of years

1. three million years D. three billion years

1. D 2.C 3. D 4.A 5. B

Task 2. Listen again to the last pan of the talk and write in the missing words.

Solar energy, air, and water are renewable resources because there is an unlimited supply. However, this definition may change if people are not careful with these resources. The amount of solar energy that reaches the earth depends on the atmosphere. If the atmosphereis polluted, the solar energy that reaches the earth may be dangerous. If life is going to continue, the air must contain the correct amount of nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), carbon dioxide (CO), and other gases. If humans continue to pollute the air, it will not contain the correct amount of these gases.

After you listen

Which group do these sources of energy belong to? Put a tick (V) in the right column.

UNIT 11: SPEAKING & LISTENING

(Bài tập tự luyện)

EXERCISE

Exercise 1. Choose the word or phrase - a, b, c or d that best completes the sentence or substitutes for the underlined word or phrase.

• 1. The amount of solar energy that reaches the earth depends the atmosphere.
     1. to B. in C. on D. with
  2. The natural environment consists all natural resources.
     1. in B. of C. to D. on
  3. Solar energy can be changed electricity.

for

A. in B. to C. into D.

• 1. Oil, coal and natural gas are fuels made from decayed material from animal or plants.
     1. unleaded B. smokeless C. solid D. fossil
  2. A nuclear reactor releases which is dangerous to the environment.
     1. radiation B. heat C. energy D. carbon dioxide
  3. We could make better of our energy resources.
     1. spend B. use C. need D. limit
  4. The government has spent £1 million on an advertising _ to encourage energy conservation.
     1. campaign B. promotion C. operation D. enterprise
  5. All fossil fuels are _

resources that cannot be replaced after use.

• • 1. unlimited B. renewable C. available D. non-renewable
  1. Solar energy is not only plentiful and infinite but also clean and safe.
     1. boundless B. unlimited C. uncountable D. inflexible
  2. Many newer cars have a much lower fuel .
     1. consuming B. consumer C. consumation D. consumption

Exercise 2. Choose the word or phrase - a, b, c or d that best completes the sentence.

• 1. Nellie Ross of Wyoming was the first woman governor in the United States.
     1. who elected B. to be elected C. was elected D. her election as
  2. Pioneers, in isolated areas of the United States, were almost totally self- sufficient.
     1. who living B. living C. lived D. that Iived
  3. Completed in 1756, Nassau Hall is the oldest building now _ on the campus of Princeton University..
     1. standing B. it stands C. has stood D. stood
  4. Jerome Kern's most famous work is Showboat, comedies.

_ , most enduring musical

• • 1. it is one of the finest B. of the finest one C. the finest one D. one of the finest
  1. _ in large quantities in the Middle East, oil became known as black gold because of the large profit it brought.

A. Discovering B. which was discovered C. Discovered D. That when discovered

• 1. Neil Armstrong, was fine and powdery.

person to set foot on the moon, reported that the surface

• • 1. the first B. to be the first C. was the first

D. as the first

• 1. The Massachusetts State House, in 1798, was the most distinguished building in the United States at that time.
     1. completing B. which was completed C. was completed D. to be completed
  2. Lady Astor was the first woman her seat in Parliament.
     1. take B. to take C. taking D. who takes
  3. Norman Weiner, _ mathematician and logician, had an important role in the development of the computer.
     1. who as a B. was a C. whom a

D. a

• 1. War and Peace,_ , was published in 1869.
     1. Leo Tolstoy's most celebrated novel
     2. that is Leo Tolstoy's most celebrated novel
     3. which most celebrated novel of Leo Tolstoy

A B

C

finished goods.

D

1. In an essay writing in 1779, Judith Sargeant Murray promoted

A B

the cause of women's education.

C D

1. It was suggested that Pedro studies the material more thoroughly

A B

before attempting to pass the exam.

C D

Exercise 4. Choose the word that has the main stress placed differently from the others.

1. A. energy B. exhausted C. natural D. plentiful
2. A. electricity B. geothermal C. alternative D. radiation
3. A. available B. potential C. unlimited D. infinite
4. A. release B. supplies C. nuclear D. convenient
5. A. ecologist B. fertilizer C. dangerous D. scientist

Exercise 5. Choose the word or phrase -a, b, c or d that best completes the sentence.

1. He has _ extensive research into renewable energy sources.

for

• 1. carried out B. turned on C. taken over D. cared

1. One danger is in radioactive wastes which are produced during nuclear reactions.
   1. consisting of B. getting rid of C. making use of D. taking care of
2. We should develop such _ sources of energy as solar energy and nuclear energy.
   1. tradition B. alternative C. revolutionary

D. surprising

1. There is now increasing concern about the world's energy particularly about those involving fossil fuels.
   1. possessions B. goods C. materials D. resources
2. It’s important for the developed countries to reduce energy _ as much as possible.
   1. exhaustion B. destruction C. consumption D. waste
3. The world’s coal _ should last longer but, once used, these cannot be renewed.
   1. reserves B. reservations C. stores D. storage
4. _ energy sources include water and wind power.
   1. Friendly environmental B. Environmentally friendly

C. Friendly environment D. Environmental friendly

1. The of these toxic substances into the environment is potentially devastating.
   1. delivery B. release C. distribution
      1. research
2. Increased consumption will lead to faster

of our natural resources.

• 1. exhaust B. exhausting C. exhaustion
     1. exhaustive

1. _ is produced from the heat stored in the earth's core.
   1. Geothermal energy B. Nuclear energy C. Solar energy D. Water energy

PHẦN 3

UNIT 11: GRAMMAR

(Tài liệu bài giảng)

Lesson 3. Grammar Reduced Relative Clause.

DẠ NG R ÚT G Ọ N CỦ A MỆN H Đ Ề QUAN HỆ.

Mệnh đề quan hệ có thể rút gọn theo 4 cách.

Using participle phrases (sử dụng hiện tại phân từ)

• Present participle.

+ Dùng cho các động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở thể chủ động.

+ Ta dùng present participle phrase thay cho mệnh đề đó (bỏ đại từ quan hệ và trợ động từ, đưa động từ chính về nguyên mẫu rồi thêm –ing)

The boy who is sitting next to me is my best friend The boy sitting next to me is my best friend

`Do you know the boy who broke the windows last night?

`Do you know the boy breaking the windows last night?

Using past participle.

• Past participle.

+ Dùng cho các động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở thể bị động (Bỏ đại từ quan hệ, trợ động từ và bắt đầu cụm từ bằng past participle)

Eg1. The books which were written by Nam Cao are interesting. The books written by To Hoai are interesting.

Eg2. The students who were punished by the teacher are lazy. The students punished by the teacher are lazy.

Using “to infinitive” or “infinitive phrase” (for sb to do). Bỏ đại từ quan hệ, bỏ chủ ngữ và trợ động từ, bắt đầu cụm từ bằng “infinitive”/ to V

Trong câu có số thứ tự thì ta dùng To V

English is an important language which we have to master.

=> English is an important language to master.

There is a good restaurant where we can eat good food.

=> There is a good restaurant to eat good food. Here is the form that you must fill in.

=> Here is the form for you to fill in.

He is the first man that came to class today

=> He is the first man to come to class today.

Using noun phrases. mệnh đề quan hệ không xách định có thể được rút gọn bằng cách dùng cụm danh từ.

Eg1 George Washington, who was the first president of the United States, was a general in the army.

George Washington, the first president of the United States, was a general in the army.

Eg2 We visited Barcelona, which is a city in northern Spain. We visited Barcelona, a city in northern Spain.

UNIT 11: GRAMMAR

(Bài tập tự luyện)

Exercise 1. Complete the sentences with -ing, -ed, being + -ed or to-infinitive form of these verbs.

build drive educate elect flow travel

introduce need print say ten off

give write win appear

1. The man _ the bus is my brother.
2. I went to a reunion for students _ in the physics department during the 1980s.
3. As my aunt told me what she thought, I felt like a schoolboy _ headmaster.
4. There is a sign on the gate 'Entry forbidden'.
5. Emma Thompson is the most famous actress on stage here,

by his

1. Across the river were some of the deer _ into the park in the 19th century.
2. Rivers _ into Baltic Sea are much cleaner now than ten years ago.
3. New Zealand was the first country

women the vote.

1. The booklets as we speak will be on sale later this afternoon,
2. Anyone _ further information can see me in my office.
3. The guest on our show is the youngest golfer the Open.
4. Mary O'Brien, the Democrat _ to the council only last week, has resigned.
5. We live in a house

in 1906.

1. Any passengers to Cambridge should sit in the first two carriages of the train.
2. Melanie was the only person _ a letter of thanks.

Exercise 2. Choose the word or phrase -a, b, c or d that best completes the sentence.

1. Hydroelectric power is produced by the fall of water in a dam.
   1. trapping B. trapped C. to be trapped D. that trapped
2. Coal was the first fuel to power machinery.
   1. is used B. using C. to use D. to be used
3. A huge amount of solar energy _ the earth's outer atmosphere.
   1. reach B. reaches C. that reaches D. is reached
4. is more interested in rhythm than in melody is apparent from his compositions.
   1. That Philip Glass B. Philip Glass, who

C. Philip Glass D. Because Philip Glass

1. There are over 2,000 varieties of snake, are harmless to humans.
   1. mostly they B. most of them C. most of which D. which most
2. For many years people have wondered

exists elsewhere in the universe.

• 1. that life B. life which C. whether life

D. life as it

1. Computers and new methods of communication _ the modern office.
   1. have revolutionized B. to have

revolutionized

C. that have revolutionized D. has revolutionized

1. Seldom

_ each other anymore.

• 1. we have seen B. do we see C. we do see D. we see

1. Dry cleaning is the process clothes are cleaned in liquids other than water.
   1. by B. which through C. by which D. through
2. It's time the government something to encourage people to conserve energy.
   1. do B. did C. have done D. will do

Exercise 3. Change the adjective clauses to adjective phrases.

1. We visited Madrid, which is the capital of Spain.
2. Astronomy, which is the study of planets and stars, is one of the world's oldest sciences.
3. Jasmine, which is a viny plant with fragrant flowers, grows only in warm places.
4. Arizona, which was once though to be a useless desert, is today a rapidgrowing industrial and agricultural state.
5. Simon Bolivar, who was a great. South American general, led the fight for independence early in the 19th century.
6. Few tourists ever see a jaguar, which is a spotted wild cat that is native to tropical America.
7. Nero, who was Emperor of Rome from AD 54 to 68, is believed to have murdered both his mother and his wife.
8. In hot weather, many people enjoy lemonate, which is a drink that is made from lemon juice, water, and sugar.
9. My uncle Elias, who is a restaurant owner, often buy fish and shellfish from boats that are docked at the local pier.
10. Honolulu, which is best known to the travelers for Waikiki Beach, has consistently pleasant weather.

Exercise 4. Write the second sentence so that ithas a similar meaning to the first one.

1. She refused to answer, which was disappointing. Her
2. I have not seen a more wonderful building anywhere. Nowhere

_

1. It is disappointing that we haven't heard from Molly. We are
2. 'Well done, I'm so glad you've passed your exam." I congratulated
3. Somebody really ought to look into this problem further. This problem

_

1. Nobody has paid for the tickets, have they? The tickets
2. If I hadn't examined the photograph myself, I would have thought it was a fake Had
3. Tom arrived late and started complaining. Not only
4. Smuggling pets is a serious offense, because there is a danger of rabies. Because of
5. I wish I could play tennis really well. I'd like

_

UNIT 11: GRAMMAR

(Đáp án bài tập tự luyện)

Exercise 1. Complete the sentences with -ing, -ed, being + -edor to-infinitiveform of these verbs.

build drive educate elect flow travel introduce

need print say ten off give write

win appear

1. The man driving the bus is my brother.
2. I went to a reunion for students educated in the physics department during the 1980s.
3. As my aunt told me what she thought, I felt like a schoolboy being told off by his headmaster.
4. There is a sign on the gate saying 'Entry forbidden'.
5. Emma Thompson is the most famous actress to appear on stage here,
6. Across the river were some of the deer introduced into the park in the 19th century.
7. Rivers flowing into Baltic Sea are much cleaner now than ten years ago.
8. New Zealand was the first country to give women the vote.
9. The booklets being printed as we speak will be on sale later this afternoon,
10. Anyone needing further information can see me in my office.
11. The guest on our show is the youngest golfer to win the Open.
12. Mary O'Brien, the Democrat elected to the council only last week, has resigned.
13. We live in a house built in 1906.
14. Any passengers traveling to Cambridge should sit in the first two carriages of the train.
15. Melanie was the only person to write a letter of thanks.

Exercise 2. Choose the word or phrase -a, b, c or d that best completes the sentence.

1. Hydroelectric power is produced by the fall of water in a dam.
   1. trapping B. trapped C. to be trapped D. that trapped
2. Coal was the first fuel to power machinery.
   1. is used B. using C. to use D. to be used
3. A huge amount of solar energy _ the earth's outer atmosphere.
   1. reach B. reaches C. that reaches D. is reached
4. is more interested in rhythm than in melody is apparent from his compositions.
   1. That Philip Glass B. Philip Glass, who

C. Philip Glass D. Because Philip Glass

1. There are over 2,000 varieties of snake, are harmless to humans.
   1. mostly they B. most of them C. most of which D. which most
2. For many years people have wondered exists elsewhere in the universe.
   1. that life B. life which C. whether life

D. life as it

1. Computers and new methods of communication _ the modern office.
   1. have revolutionized B. to have

revolutionized

C. that have revolutionized D. has revolutionized

1. Seldom _ each other anymore.
   1. we have seen B. do we see C. we do see D. we see
2. Dry cleaning is the process clothes are cleaned in liquids other than water.
   1. by B. which through C. by which D. through
3. It's time the government something to encourage people to conserve energy.
   1. do B. did C. have done D. will do

Exercise 3. Change the adjective clauses to adjective phrases.

1. We visited Madrid, which is the capital of Spain.

We visited Madrid, the capital of Spain.

1. Astronomy, which is the study of planets and stars, is one of the world's oldest sciences.

Astronomy, the study of planets and stars, is one of the world's oldest sciences.

1. Jasmine, which is a viny plant with fragrant flowers, grows only in warm places.

Jasmine, a viny plant with fragrant flowers, grows only in warm places.

1. Arizona, which was once though to be a useless desert, is today a rapid growing industrial and agricultural state.

Arizona, once thought to be a useless desert, is today a rapid growing industrial and agricultural state.

1. Simon Bolivar, who was a great. South American general, led the fight for independence early in the 19th century.

Simon Bolivar, a great South American general, led the fight for independence early in the 19th century.

1. Few tourists ever see a jaguar, which is a spotted wild cat that is native to tropical America.

Few tourists ever see a jaguar, a spotted wild cat that is native to tropical America.

1. Nero, who was Emperor of Rome from AD 54 to 68, is believed to have murdered both his mother and his wife.

Nero, Emperor of Rome from A.D 54 to 68, is believed to have murdered both his mother and his wife.

1. In hot weather, many people enjoy lemonate, which is a drink that is made from lemon juice, water, and sugar.

In hot weather, many people enjoy lemonate, a drink that is made from lemon juice, water, and sugar.

1. My uncle Elias, who is a restaurant owner, often buy fish and shellfish from boats that are docked at the local pier.

My uncle Elias, a restaurant owner, often buy fish and shellfish from boats that are docked at the local pier.

1. Honolulu, which is best known to the travelers for Waikiki Beach, has consistently pleasant weather.

Honolulu, best known to the travelers for Waikiki Beach, has consistently pleasant weather.

Exercise 4. Write the second sentence so that ithas a similar meaning to the first one.

1. She refuse to answer, which was disappointing. Her refusal to answer was disappointing.
2. I have not seen a more wonderful building anywhere. Nowhere have I seen a more wonderful building.
3. It is disappointing that we haven't heard from Molly. We are disappointed not have heard from Molly.
4. 'Well done, I'm so glad you've passed your exam." I congratulated her/ him on passing her/ his exam.
5. Somebody really ought to look into this problem further.

This problem really ought to be looked into further.

1. Nobody has paid for the tickets, have they? The tickets haven't been paid for, have they?
2. If I hadn't examined the photograph myself, I would have thought it was a fake Had I not examined the photograph myself, I would have thought it was a fake.
3. Tom arrived late and started complaining.

Not only did Tom arrive late, but he started complaining.

1. Smuggling pets is a serious offense, because there is a danger of rabies. Because of the danger of rabies, smuggling pets is a serious offense.
2. I wish I could play tennis really well. I'd like to be able to play tennis really well.

PHẦN 4 UNIT 11:WRITING

(Tài liệu bài giảng)

Lesson 4. Writing

Task 1. Study the chart about energy consumption in Highland in 2000 and fill in the gaps

with the information from the chart.

The chart shows the energy consumption in Highland in 2000. As can be seen, the total energy consumption was (1) 117 million tons. Petroleum made up the largest amount of this figure (57 million tons). This was followed by the consumption of (2) Nuclear & Hydroelectricity (40 million tons). Nuclear & Hydro electricity made up the (3) smallest amount of energy consumption (20 million tons).

Task 2. Continue your description of the trends in energy consumption in the year 2005 in Highland.

The chart shows the energy consumption in Highland in 2005. As can be seen, I the total energy consumption was 170 million tons. Nuclear and Hydroelectricity made up the largest amount of this figure (75 million tons). This was followed by the consumption of petroleum (50 million tons). Coal made up the smallest amount of energy consumption (45 million tons).

Task 3. Describe the chart, using the information from Task 1 and Task 2. Sample 1.

The chart shows the energy consumption in Highland in 2000 and 2005. It's clear that the total energy consumption was 287 millions tons in two years. Petroleum made up the largest amount in 2000 (57 million tons) whereas the petroleum consumption was 50 million in 2005. In 2000 the consumption of coal came the second (40 million tons); however this consumption came the third (45 millions tons) in 2005 after the petroleum consumption. And the consumption of Nuclear and Hydroelectricity was 20 million in 2000. Nevertheless. Nuclear and Hydroelectricity consumption was 75 million tons in 2005. In conclusion, the energy consumption in Highland in 2000 is less than that in 2005.

Sample 2.

The chart shows the energy consumption in Highland in 2000 and 2005. As can be seen, the total energy consumption in 2005 was 170 million tons. So it was higher than in 2000 (117 million tons). In 2005, Nuclear and Hydroelectricity made up the largest amount of this figure (75 million tons). This was followed by the consumption of petroleum (50 milliontons). Both of them were higher than in 2000. However, coal decreased the amount of the energy consumption (from 57 million tons in 2000 to 50 million tons).

UNIT 11: WRITING

(Bài tập tự luyện)

Exercise 1. Choose the best sentence - a, b, c or d -made from the given cues. 1. the world/ energy resources/ take/ millions of years/ produce/ we/ quickly/ begin/ exhaust/ supplies//.

• 1. The world's energy resources have taken many millions of years to produce, so we are quickly beginning to exhaust these supplies.
  2. Although the world's energy resources have taken many millions of years to produce, we are quickly beginning to exhaust these supplies.
  3. The world's energy resources have taken many millions of years to produce because we are quickly beginning to exhaust these supplies.
  4. Since the world's energy resources have taken many millions of years to produce, we are quickly beginning to exhaust these supplies.

recently/ UN committee/ report/ world/ oil and gas supplies/ last/ about 100 years/ if/ use/ carefully//

• 1. Recently UN committee reported that world's oil and gas supplies, will last about 100 years if they are used carefully.
  2. Recently the UN committee reported that the world's oil and gas supplies would last about 100 years if using carefully.
  3. Recently a UN committee reported that the world's oil and gas supplies would last about 100 years if used carefully.
  4. Recently a UN committee reported that the world's oil and gas supplies would last about 100 years if it was used carefully.

the report/ state/ there/ enough/ oil and gas/ a century/ only if/ present demand/ control//

• 1. The report stated that there would be enough oil and gas for a century only if the present demand could be controlled.
  2. The report stated that there would be oil and gas enough for a century only if the present demand could be controlled.
  3. The report stated that there were enough oil and. gas for a century only if the present demand could controlled.
  4. The report stated that there will be enough oil and gas for the century only if the present demand can be controlled.

according/ the report/ governments/ now/take/ steps/ control/ amounts/ fossil fuels/ use//

• 1. According to the report, governments must now take steps to control amounts of fossil fuels that are using.
  2. According to the report, governments must now take steps to control the amounts of fossil fuels which used.
  3. According to the report, governments must now take steps to control the amounts of fossil fuels that are used.
  4. According to the report, governments must now take steps to control the amounts of fossil fuels that was used.

Exercise 2. From the four words or phrases - a, b, c or d - choose the one that best completes the sentences.

1. The doctor insited that his patient _ .
   1. that he not work too hard for three months
   2. take it easy for three months
   3. taking it easy inside of three months
   4. to take some vacations for three months

He has received several scholarships, v.

• 1. not only because of his artistic but his academic ability
  2. for both his academic ability as well as his artistic
  3. because of his academic and artistic ability
  4. as resulting of his ability in the art and the academy

The manager was angry because somebody .

• 1. had allowed the photographers to enter the building
  2. had let the photographers to enter into the building
  3. permitting the photographers enter the building
  4. the photographer let into the building without the proper documentations

he would have signed his name in the corner.

• 1. If he painted that picture
  2. If he paints that picture
  3. If he had painted that picture
  4. If he would have painted that picture

The higher the content of carbon dioxide in the air, _.

• 1. the more heat it retains
  2. more heat it retains.
  3. it retains more heat
  4. than it retains more heat

Exercise 3. Choose the sentence - a, b, c or d – which is closest in meaning to the printed one.

1. No sooner had she put the telephone down than her boss rang back.
   1. As soon as her boss rang back, she put down the telephone.
   2. Scarely had she put the telephone down when her boss / rang back.
   3. Hardly she had hung up, she rang her boss immediately.
   4. She had hardly put the telephone down without her boss rang back.

The Prime Minister is unlikely to call an early general election.

• 1. It's likely that the Prime Minister will call an early general election.
  2. The likelihood is that the Prime Minister will call an early general election.
  3. There is little likelihood of the Prime Minister calling an early general election.
  4. In all likelihood the Prime Minister will call an early general election.

Impressed as we were by the new cinema, we found, it rather expensive.

• 1. The new cinema was more expensive than we expected.
  2. We were not impressed by the new cinema at all because it looked rather expensive. C. We weren't as much impressed by the new cinema's look as its cost.

D. We were very impressed by the new cinema, but found it rather expensive.

The foreman was too powerful to be afraid of the workers.

• 1. The foreman was powerful enough, but he was afraid of the workers.
  2. The foreman wasn't powerful, so the workers didn't fear him.
  3. The foreman was very powerful arid the workers feared him.
  4. The foreman was strong enough. not to fear the workers.

'Get in my car. I'll take you to the station.'

1. He offered to give me a lift to the station.
2. He suggested taking me to the station
3. He promised to give me a lift to the station.
4. He agreed to take me to the station.

Exercise 4. Choose the word or phrase - a, b, c or d -that needs correcting

• 1. Grover Cleveland was the only American president served two

A B

nonconsecutive terms

C D

• 1. The world's rain forests are being cut down at the rate on 3,000 acres

A B

C

per hour.

D

• 1. Many environmentalists fear that the earth will run out essentianatural

A B

C

Resourses before the end of the twenty-fifth century.

D

• 1. Chicago's Sears Tower, now the tallest building in the world, rises

A B

1,522 feet from the ground, to the top of it antenna.

C D

• 1. In just three months H.G. Wells wrote the famous classic The Time

A B

Machine for what he won a Newberry Caldecot award.

C D

• 1. If the concentration of chlorine in water is careful controlled, it will not

A

B C

harm human beings.

D

• 1. Because much species of plants and animals in Hawaii ate threatened

A B

with extinction within a short period of time, scientists are trying

C

D

desperately to rescue them.

• 1. Every fuel has their own particular temperature at which it begins

A B C

D

to burn.

• 1. Nuclear energy, a almost limitless source of power, was harnessed

A B

C

during the mid-1900s.

D

• 1. Her many friends, among who I like to be considered, gave

A B C

her encouragement.

D