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UNIT 12: LIFE ON OTHER PLANETS

1. PHONETICS

Add ful or less to these words to make an adjective (some words can use either suffix). Then mark the stressed syllables.

1. Complete the sentences with the words in the box. Then read the sentences aloud.

• 1. The data isn’t very _ to anyone but a scientist.
  2. Daisy is absolutely _! She isn’t afraid of anyone or anything.
  3. Looking at the Earth from outer space is _, especially at night.
  4. One of the birds we studied is the ostrich.
  5. My score was low because I made some _ mistakes.
  6. What a lovely present! That was very of you.
  7. Mom and Dad taught us that it is important to be.
  8. They are going to build temporary accommodation for the .
  9. You must remember to recharge your phone. Without its battery, it’s .
  10. He desired to lead a more _ life.

1. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR
2. Match the planets with their descriptions.

the sun. It is composed of mostly gas and has a great red spot.

1. It is the coldest planet in our solar System and is the seventh planet from the Sun. It is a giant gas planet and it rotates on its side.
2. It is the hottest planet in our solar system and is the closest planet to Earth in size.
3. It has a cold surface, is blue in color from the gas in its atmosphere and is the furthest from the sun.
4. It is the second largest planet and is known best for its rings made of ice and rock chunks.

8. Neptune

7. Uranus

6. Saturn

5. Jupiter

Complete the sentences with the words or phrases in the box.

galaxy

outer space

planet

flying saucer

solar system

space buggy

weightless

aliens

astronaut

traces

• 1. A is sometimes referred to as an Unidentified Flying Object (UFO).
  2. An is a person who is trained for travelling in a spacecraft.
  3. Researchers made the amazing findings of of water on Mars.
  4. A is a vehicle used for driving on the moon.
  5. Our is made up of the sun and all the objects that travel around it.
  6. Earth is the only known to be habitable to life.
  7. Do you believe exist on other planets?
  8. Spacecraft are vehicles used for travel in _.
  9. Our , the Milky Way, consists of 100 - 400 billion stars.
  10. Astronauts on the orbiting space station are _ because they do not experience a force of gravity.

Choose the best answers to complete the sentences.

1. is the name of a planet that matches the Roman God of the sea.
   1. Mars B. Sun C. Venus D. Neptune
2. Discovered in the Kuiper belt beyond Neptune, is a dwarf planet.
   1. Jupiter B. Pluto C. Saturn D. Mercury
3. Unidentified Flying Objects or “ ” haven’t been formally recognized.
   1. UFOs B. spaceships C. space shuttles D. spacecraft
4. Some people believe the was created by a big explosion.
   1. galaxy B. atmosphere C. universe D. outer space
5. is named after the Roman God of war.
   1. Uranus B. Jupiter C. Mars D. Venus
6. A (n) is a scientist who studies the stars and planets.
   1. captain B. alien C. astronaut D. astronomer
7. Astronauts _ around in space because there is no gravity in space.
   1. fly B. float C. walk D. trace
8. In a weightless environment, everything floats .
   1. uncontrollably B. downwards C. smoothly D. constantly
9. On June 2, 1966, Surveyor 1 becomes the first U.S. to land on the moon.
   1. flying saucer B. airplane C. spacecraft D. helicopter
10. Mars is the most planet in our Solar System besides Earth.

A. powerful B. notable C. appropriate D. habitable

Complete the sentences using may (not) or might (not). Where two answers are possible, write them both.

1. Aliens exist in ways that we can’t even imagine.
2. Many scientists think that there be life on other planets.
3. Scientists said that farthest stars in Milky Way be cut by another galaxy.
4. I
5. In the future, it planet.

go to the party because I’m not feeling very well.

_ be possible to build a spaceship that can travel to distant

1. I have an appointment at the dentist’s at 4.00. I leave half an hour early?
2. Astronomers thought the dwarf planet 2007 OR10 _ have a moon.
3. If we found water on Mars, we use it to make rocket fuel.
4. The examiner says we _ leave when we’ve finished.
5. Some scientists think aliens _ have two legs, or any legs at all.

Underline the correct answers.

• 1. Levy asked me what / why the future life looked like.
  2. Mr. Brown asked me if / how I had ever visited NASA.
  3. Dr. Memphis asked me where humans could / may live besides Earth.
  4. Stoner asked me if Voyager 2 had passed / has passed Saturn.
  5. Davy asked me what the aliens will / would be doing when he might saw them.
  6. Christina asked me where / if scientists had responded to the signs from outer space.
  7. Norman asked me when / whether Mercury had been discovered.
  8. Jacob asked me how much I knew / had known about the Red Planet.
  9. Richard asked his teacher whether / why there was life on other planets.
  10. Roy asked me if I was meeting / had met Val the previous day.

Complete the reported yes/ no questions.

1. ‘May I ask you a few questions?’

The woman asked John

1. ‘Have you done your project about space exploration?’

The teacher asked me _

1. ‘Will we be able to live on Mars in 2050?’

Debbie asked her father

1. ‘Are you having a barbecue tonight?’

I asked the Browns

1. ‘Do you like sci-fi films that feature extraterrestrial life?’

Jane asked Tom

1. ‘Did scientists find life on Mars many years ago?’

Val asked me

1. ‘Are aliens or UFOs real?’

Many people wondered_

1. ‘Can we go to the National Museum tomorrow?’

Sally asked her best friend

1. ‘Do you know NASA has found two new planets?’

Duc asked Trang_

1. ‘Were you here yesterday?’

She wanted to know

Complete the reported wh- questions.

1. ‘Where will we live in 20 years’ time?’

Jane asked me

1. ‘How was your trip to Toronto?’

I asked Peter

1. ‘Why didn’t Judy wait for fireballs last night?’

Sue asked_

1. ‘How many planets are there in the solar System?’

The teacher asked us_ _

1. ‘How many days does it take to get to Mars from Earth?’

Elliot wanted to know_ _

1. ‘What are you staring at?’

I asked Sally

1. ‘Who discovered the planet Neptune?’

Joe asked his teacher

1. ‘How long have you been living on the International Space Station?’

He asked the astronaut _

1. ‘When will humans go to Venus?’

The students wanted to know

1. ‘Where are you going this summer holidays?’

I asked Sally and Andy _

Rewrite each sentence as reported speech with tense and time and place expression changes.

1. ‘I was here three months ago,’ Tim said.
2. ‘When does the next train leave?’ He wanted to know.
3. ‘Are you meeting Judy at four o’clock today?’ She asked me.
4. I’ve already seen this exhibition,’ Jane told me.
5. ‘Who did you meet at the party last night?’ My mother asked.
6. ‘We are having dinner now, so I can only talk for a minute,’ Miki said.
7. ‘May I use your phone?’ I asked Peter.
8. ‘Public spending will be increased next year/ the Prime Minister announced.
9. ‘My father drinks a cup of coffee every morning before going to work.’ Peter said.
10. ‘How long have you lived here?’ Cheryl asked the old woman.

Choose the correct answers.

1. ‘There was an accident outside the supermarket.’
   1. He said there had been an accident outside the supermarket.
   2. He said there was an accident outside the supermarket.
   3. He said there has been an accident outside the supermarket.
2. ‘Have you ever seen a UFO?’
   1. Jim wanted to know if had I ever seen a UFO.
   2. Jim asked if I had ever seen a UFO.
   3. Jim asked whether I ever saw a UFO.
3. She asked if you’d seen her painting on display in the exhibit.
   1. ‘Will you see my painting on display in the exhibit?’
   2. ‘Did you see my painting on display in the exhibit?’
   3. ‘Have you seen her painting on display in the exhibit?’
4. I’m flying to India tomorrow.’
   1. Yesterday, Matt said that he was flying to India tomorrow.
   2. Yesterday, Matt told me that I was flying to India the next day.
   3. Yesterday, Matt said that he was flying to India the following day.
5. ‘Why did you go out last night?’
   1. She asked me why I had gone out the night before.
   2. She asked me why did I go out the previous night.
   3. She wanted to know why I went out that night.
6. My instructor said that we were the best class he’d ever taught.
   1. ‘You are the best class I’ve ever taught,’ my instructor said.
   2. ‘You were the best class I ever taught/ my instructor said to me.
   3. ‘They are the best class he’s ever taught,’ said my instructor.
7. ‘Can you help me with my homework?’
   1. Nick asked whether his sister can help him with his homework.
   2. Nick asked his sister could she help him with his homework.
   3. Nick asked his sister if she could help him with his homework.
8. Bill wanted to know when Susan was going out with Tony.
   1. ‘When you are going out with Tony, Susan?’
   2. ‘When was you going out with Tony, Susan?’
   3. ‘When are you going out with Tony, Susan?’
9. ‘I will come if I can finish work early.’
   1. He said that he will come if he can finish work early.
   2. He told that he would come if he could finish work early.
   3. He told me that he would come if he could finish work early.
10. ‘What is the closest planet to Earth?’
11. The student wondered if the closest planet to Earth is.
12. The student asked what the closest planet to Earth was.
13. The student asked what was the closest planet to Earth.

Supply the correct form of the words in brackets.

John Young, NASA most _ astronaut, flown into space six times. (experience)

1. The high concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere makes it to humans. (poison)
2. have just discovered a giant, Jupiter-like planet. (astronomy)
3. The planet Mars has been _ remotely by spacecraft. (exploration)
4. Saturn’s moon Rhea may have a atmosphere that is very similar to Earth’s.

(breathe)

1. The term UFO stands for “ _ flying object”. (identify)
2. A _ is a native inhabitant of the planet Mars. (Mars)
3. How can someone fight hunger, _, and radiation on Mars? (lonely)
4. That film about aliens might _ be classified a horror film. (appropriate)
5. What could you propose for humans to live in a City on the moon?

(accommodate)

1. Fill in each blank with an appropriate preposition.
2. The children were excited _ Star Wars: The Last Jedi.
3. Yuri Gagarin was the first person to fly space.
4. NASA scientists are looking habitable planets.
5. Mercury is the closest planet _ the Sun.
6. He saw aliens coming _ of the UFO.
7. Venus is very similar Earth in terms of size and surface gravity.
8. Mars is named _ the Roman God of war.
9. If intelligent aliens exist, how could we communicate _ them?
10. Humans will be living _ Mars far sooner than most people think.
11. Neil Armstrong took the first steps on the moon’s surface July 20, 1969.

C. SPEAKING

1. Complete the dialogue with the appropriate sentences (A - H).
2. It's so interesting!
3. It's a ring of icy bodies just outside of Neptune's orbit.
4. It's a dwarf planet that lies in the Kuiper belt.
5. Because it did not meet the three criteria the IAU uses to define a full-sized planet. It is not big enough to clear smaller bodies close to it.
6. Well, you should read astronomy books.
7. Sure. Eight planets.
8. Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.
9. Yes. A while back, Pluto was the ninth planet from the sun, but it is not counted as a planet any more.

Minh: Emily! Do you know how many planets there are in our solar System? Emily: (1) _ Minh: What are they?

Emily: (2) Minh: How about Pluto? Have you ever heard about it?

Emily: (3) Minh: Why is Pluto no longer a planet?

Emily: (4) Minh: So what is Pluto?

Emily: (5) Minh: I still don’t know much about this. What’s the Kuiper Belt?

Emily: (6) Minh: Oh... I think I’ll have to learn mo re about astronomy. (7) Emily: (8) _. There are plenty of great books on space and universe.

Reorder the sentences to make a dialogue.

What? Well, I did have a few beers, but I’m telling the truth.

Wait, tell me exactly what you saw.

Well, I stopped to watch the light when it disappeared behind a hill about a kilometer ahead of me.

Well, I’d like to report a UFO sighting.

What do you mean, “the alien”?

What do you mean “what?” An unidentified flying object!

Now, have you been taking any alcohol in the last 24 hours? You mentioned you went to a party.

Well, I was driving home from a party about three hours ago, so it was about 2:00 AM, when I saw this bright light overhead.

Okay. And then what happened?

_1_ Officer Jones speaking. What do you want to report?

Now, how do you know it was a UFO? Perhaps you only saw the lights of an airplane, or the headlights of an approaching car. Things like that happen, you know.

A what?

Well if it was that, how do you explain “the alien”?

Okay. I kept driving for about five minutes when all of a sudden, this giant, hairy creature jumped out in front of my car.

D. READING

1. Complete the passage with the words from the box.

surface survive frozen universe explore missions down might

As we explore the (1) , we naturally ask, “Is there life on other planets?”

In 1976, NASA’s twin Viking landers touched (2) on Mars in an attempt to

answer a weighty question: Is there life on the Red Planet? Since then, NASA and other space agencies have sent many more (3) _ to Mars. However; the answer so far is, “We don’t know, but we’ll keep searching.” All life on Earth needs liquid water to (4)

_. Since spacecraft haven’t found any liquid water on Mars’ (5) , scientists think that there is no life there. But what about below the surface? Spacecraft have discovered (6) water in Mars’ polar ice caps and in clouds of ice crystals. This means that there (7) _ be liquid water below the surface where it’s warmer. NASA plans to continue to (8) _ Mars every two years. In future missions, we’ll explore below the surface and search for liquid water - and life!

Read the passage, then do the tasks

THE INNER PLANETS

Planets are large bodies that rotate around the sun. The inner planets, or terrestrial planets, are the four planets closest to the Sun: Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. Even though these planets are all small and rocky, they have more differences than they have things in common.

Because Mercury is the closest to the sun, the side that faces the sun gets as hot as 427° Celsius. At the same time, the side that faces away from the sun is a freezing -173° Celsius. The extreme temperatures alone make it a very unlikely place for life. With an atmosphere too thin for human breathing, it’s obvious that people won’t be living on Mercury any time soon.

The next planet from the sun is Venus. Below clouds of sulfuric gas lies 96% carbon dioxide atmosphere. That might be nice for a plant, since a plant “breathes” carbon dioxide, but not for a person. If you managed to survive the atmosphere, the surface of the planet is hot enough to melt solid metal. Venus has a temperature that is maintained at 462° Celsius, no matter where you go on the planet.

You are probably most familiar with Earth because it is your home planet. It has the perfect conditions for life. Earth’s atmosphere and oceans help control the trickiest part of making a planet life-friendly: temperature. Earth is the only planet known to have liquid water.

Mars is the fourth farthest from the sun. Some people think it may be possible for life to exist there. Although scientists have not been able to find actual water on Mars, there seems to be evidence of water erosion on its surface. Its canyons and mountains are very similar to those found on Earth. The main difference is that there is no plant life. Some scientists believe that Mars may have been very much like Earth until something happened that made the water supply evaporate.

Decide if the statements are true (T) or false (F).

• 1. The inner planets are located closest to the sun.
  2. Mercury is the hottest planet because it’s the closest to the sun.
  3. Venus has an atmosphere whose composition is similar to that of Earth.
  4. The temperature on the surface of Venus is hot enough to melt lead.
  5. Earth has a surface temperature that is uniquely friendly to life.
  6. Scientists have proved that life once existed on Mars.
  7. It seems that Mars once had liquid water on its surface.
  8. Some scientists believe that Mars is very similar to the Earth.

Answer the questions.

• 1. What is another name for inner planets?
  2. Why can’t people live on Mercury?
  3. What is the atmosphere of Venus primarily composed of?
  4. Which planet is hotter, Mercury or Venus?
  5. Is Earth the only planet with water in liquid form on its surface?
  6. What land features of Mars are similar to Earth’s?

E. WRITING

1. Reorder the words to make sentences.
   1. scientists/ Susan/ had found/ Mars/ her teacher/ if/ water/ asked/ on.
   2. too/ because/ it’s/ close/ there/ the sun/ might not/ life/ on Mercury/ to/ be.
   3. scientists/ we/ beyond Earth/ evidence/ say that/ life/ may/ for/ find/ within the next decades.
   4. first/ Jenny/ wanted to know/ contact/ we/ with/ aliens/ how/ make/ would.
   5. three/ from/ Mercury/ farther/ times/ Earth/ is/ the sun/ than.
   6. in/ that/ the interviewer/ like/ a/ the UFO/ looked/ Nick/ big disc/ told/ the sky.
   7. is called/ surface/ Mars/ in/ the red planet/ because/ is covered/ red dust/ its.
   8. fastest/ of/ to/ the Sun/ the planets/ Mercury/ orbit/ is/ the/ all.
   9. other/ life/ on/ do/ planets/ you/ intelligent/ exists/ think?
   10. if/ me/ what/1/ asked/ would/ she/ do/1/ a UFO/ saw.

Write the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the first one.

• 1. American scientists have drawn plans for an extension to the ISS.

Plans _

• 1. “Can NASA prove that there is life on a moon of Jupiter?”

He asked _

• 1. The student wanted to know how long it took to get to red planet.

The student asked, “ _”

• 1. Paul left the office before Sarah arrived there.

When Sarah

• 1. The heavy snow made it impossible for the plane to take off on time.

The plane was prevented _

• 1. “What time did you get home last night?”

My parents asked

• 1. It’s possible that Lucy isn’t at home now.

Lucy might

• 1. NASA stopped sending humans to the moon in 1972.

NASA hasn’t

• 1. “We are meeting Tony at 8 o’clock tonight.”

She said that

• 1. Sam told me that he was very tired then because he had been working hard for 12 hours. Sam said to me, “ ”

⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

TEST FOR UNIT 12

1. Choose the word that has underlined part pronounced differently from the rest.

Complete each sentence with a suitable word.

• 1. Trang asked people would live on Mars in the next 20 years.
  2. is named after the Roman God of the sea.
  3. Earth is the only in the solar System that has life.
  4. Astronauts used moon _ to travel on the surface of the moon.
  5. NASA for National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
  6. Vostok 1 was the first _ to carry a human, Yuri A. Gagarin, into space.
  7. He wanted to know humans couldn’t live on Mercury or Venus.
  8. What you do if we found aliens?
  9. You won’t be able to breathe on the moon oxygen tanks.
  10. Asteroids, also known as “minor planets”, are numerous in the space.

Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentence.

1. Mercury is the smallest and closest planet the Sun.
   1. from B. to C. toward D. of
2. There’s no water on Mars even though scientists have found traces it.
   1. on B. with C. for D. of
3. Neptune is so far from Earth, it is _ to the naked eye.
   1. invisible B. impossible C. disable D. unsuitable
4. Nick saw aliens corning out of the UFO, which a big disc.
   1. stood for B. consisted of C. looked like D. lived on
5. Could we modify Mars’ to make it more suitable for human life?
   1. climate B. trace C. experience D. trek
6. When do you think the first human walk on the surface of Mars?
   1. must B. should C. would D. might
7. Have you ever wondered it would be like to live on the moon?
   1. whether B. what C. why D. that
8. Tim asked his teacher when the first space shuttle _.
   1. has been launched B. will be launched

C. had been launched D. was being launched

1. She wanted to know if I had met Judy at the station .
   1. the day after B. the next day C. the following day D. the previous day
2. “I saw a UFO hovering above my back garden.” - “ _”

A. You said it! B. Very funny! C. You’re joking! D. Absolutely right!

Choose the underlined word or phrase, A, B, c or D that needs correcting.

• 1. When will humans be able to travel from one planet to other easily?

A B C D

• 1. In 2001, at least 15 people, include two police officers saw UFOs in New Jersey.

A B C D

• 1. He wanted to know why didn’t I believe there was intelligent life on other planets.

A B C D

• 1. Scientists believe that several billion years ago Mars was very similarity to Earth.

A B C D

• 1. Because it is too close to the sun, Mercury is hard to study from Earth.

A B C D

• 1. We asked our teacher whether the exam can be postponed until next Monday.

A B C D

• 1. The Romans named Venus of the Roman Goddess of love and beauty.

A B C D

• 1. Discovering in 2015 by NASA’s Kepler spacecraft, K2-18b is very unlike our home planet.

A B C D

• 1. Some people believe that UFOs are actual vehicles from other planets, flown by alien visitors. A B C D
  2. Many people are wondering where life exists on other planets and moons.

A B C D

1. Write the correct tense or form of the verbs in brackets.
2. In 1947 pilot Kenneth Arnold flying past Mount Rainier.

(spot) nine shiny, unidentified flying objects

1. What (happen) if aliens made contact with Earth?
2. He wanted to know how NASA _ (communicate) with spacecraft.
3. Almost the same as Earth, a day on Mars (have) 24 hours, 39 minutes and 35 seconds.
4. Nick said that he (see) a UFO land in a grassy area the day before.
5. Captain Ray Bowyer gained clear views of two UFOs when he _ (fly) in the English Channel.
6. So far, only two spacecraft _ (fly) to Mercury to collect data.
7. Sue asked her teacher how long it (take) to travel to Mars.
8. Neptune (discover) on September 23, 1846.
9. NASA hope they _ (be) able to send people to Mars by 2030.

Supply the correct form of the words in brockets.

1. The Saturn V is the largest and the most _ rocket ever made. (power)
2. The term UFO or flying object refers to a suspected alien spacecraft.

(identify)

1. Astronomer Clyde Tombaugh made the remarkable of Pluto in 1930.

(discover)

1. Astronauts float around in the space shuttle because they are . (weight)
2. Mars is a focal point of modern space . (explore)
3. Titan’s atmosphere is _, so if you were on Titan you would need a breathing mask. (breathe)
4. There are thousands of UFO reported every year. (sight)
5. Mars is called the Red Planet because of its some _ surface. (red)
6. Scientists discovered that Mars had some _to Earth. (similar)
7. The space shuttle span _ when it hit space debris. (controllable)

Match the questions to the answers.

1. Choose the word which best fits each gap.

ARE THERE ANY ALIENS OUT THERE?

For years we Earthlings have wondered (1) _ we are alone in the universe or we’ve got company in the shape of aliens. People have claimed to have met aliens, seen UFOs and some people even say they’ve been abducted by extraterrestrials. But what do we really know about them - if they (2) at all?

Ever since we realised there (3) be something out there

our imaginations have created thousands of bizarre creatures. But at the moment no one knows what an alien might look like. Even if we do ever come (4) _aliens in space, most scientists agree they probably won’t look like little green men. (5) _aliens exists, experts reckon they’re probably very small and look something like a bug.

Over the years thousands of people have been (6) that we Earthlings have been visited by aliens from other civilizations. But there’s one problem with this - the number of aliens (7) _discovered is zero. There are lots of photos and films of apparent (8) but most have a logical explanation like aeroplanes and military exercises. Or they’re hoaxes!

- extraterrestrial (n): sinh vật ngoài hành tinh - civilisation (n): nên văn minh

Read the passage carefully, then do the tasks.

How many planets are there in our galaxy? That’s a tricky question to answer. Are there other planets that support life? That’s exactly what the Kepler mission hopes to discover.

NASA launched the Kepler space telescope, designed to find habitable planets, in 2009. So far it has discovered five new Earth-sized planets beyond our solar System. These planets are hotter than the Earth - much too hot for life as we know it. The Kepler team predict that they will need at least three years to find an Earth-like planet.

The simplest requirement for a planet to have life is for there to be liquid water so the distance from the planet’s sun and therefore temperature are important. There also needs to be the correct amount of air. If a planet is as small as Mars (half the size of Earth) its weak

gravity means that it can’t hold on to air molecules. If a planet is Neptune sized (four times bigger than Earth) it has very strong gravity and too much air. So size matters too.

The cost of the mission is approximately six hundred million dollars. It is scheduled to observe until 2013 but this could be extended. Will we be sad if we discover we are alone in our galaxy or happy if we find that we share it with other life forms?

Match the bold words or phrases in the text with their definitions.

• 1. with no other people
  2. the force that attracts objects towards each other
  3. difficult
  4. suitable for people to live in
  5. close to but not exactly
  6. outside
  7. not less than

Choose the correct answers.

• 1. What is the passage about?
     1. Planets in our solar System
     2. The difference between Earth and other planets
     3. Space exploration to find habitable planets
     4. NASA’s missions to explore the outer planets
  2. The Kepler space telescope is looking for .
     1. new planets in our galaxy B. life on other planets

C. liquid water on other planets D. Earth-sized planets in the solar System

• 1. Kepler has found five planets that _.
     1. has water and air B. are similar to Earth

C. are not too far away from the Earth D. are not in our solar System

• 1. The Kepler team predict that they will need to find an Earth-like planet.
     1. three years and possibly longer B. as much as three years

C. no more than three years D. approximately three years

• 1. What are the primary factors that make a planet habitable?
     1. Liquid water and living things B. Size and distance from the Sun

C. Hot temperature and weak gravity D. Strong gravity and too much air

• 1. How much does the Kepler mission cost?
     1. Exactly $600 million B. About $600 million

C. More than $600 million D. Less than $600 million

• 1. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
     1. The planet can support life if it has water and air.
     2. A very small planet will not have enough air.
     3. Earth is four times as big as Neptune.
     4. Kepler mission is scheduled to end in 2013.

Change the following sentences into indirect speech or vice versa.

1. Candy asked me if I had ever read an astronomy book.
2. ‘I’ll let you know if I have any more problems,” Carol told her father.
3. The professor told us that the Moon was more than 380,000 km from the Earth.
4. “When did the Kepler mission end?” Mark wanted to know.
5. Daniel asked me if I was going to see lunar eclipse the following day.
6. The customers said that they had been waiting for more than two hours.
7. “Can you help me with this tricky math question?” Tim asked his sister.
8. “NASA is sending a helicopter to Mars next year NASA’s administrator said.
9. They wondered where on Mars humans might first land.
10. Gwen asked if the spaceship Voyager had flown past Pluto three weeks before.

TEST YOURSELF 4

1. Choose the word that has underlined part pronounced differently from the rest.

Choose the word that has different stress pattern.

1. Complete the sentence with an appropriate word. The first letter is given.
2. N communication is communication that does not involve words.
3. Will we be travelling in f cars in twenty years?
4. Tim Berners-Lee is best known as the i of the World Wide Web.
5. Some of the most popular s media websites include Facebook, YouTube, Instagram, Twitter, and Snapchat.
6. Voyager 2 is still the only s _ to visit Neptune and Uranus.
7. Jupiter is by far the largest p in our solar System.
8. The planet Mars was first e _ in the 1970s.
9. My phone b _ was dead, so I couldn’t call anybody.
10. In the near future many i diseases, such as AIDS and cancer, will be cured.
11. The planets in our solar System are divided into two groups - the inner planets and the o _ planets.

Choose the best answer a, b, c or d to complete the sentence.

1. NASA has sent 11 orbiters and 8 landers to Mars 1994.
   1. since B. in C. from D. until
2. While still a small child, John was very fond creating new things.
   1. with B. at C. of D. for
3. Text messaging, or texting, is a fast and efficient way to information.
   1. make B. collect C. receive D. exchange
4. One day, we’ll be able to send thoughts to each other directly using technology.

A. video conference B. social media C. telepathy D. holography

1. Italian Galileo Galilei was the first person to look at the Moon through a telescope.

A. astronomer B. astronaut C. archeologist D. explorer

1. James Watt thought that his steam engine animal power.
   1. will replace B. would replace C. was replaced D. have replaced
2. its proximity to the Sun, Mercury is not the hottest planet in our solar System.
   1. Due to B. Since C. Even though D. Despite
3. Young people text their friends instead of speaking to them in person.
   1. prefer B. enjoy C. would rather D. would like
4. Scientists wonder extraterrestrials have ever visited Earth.
   1. that B. if C. what D. where
5. “I believe that somewhere out in the universe, there are other forms of life.” “ ”
   1. Why not? B. Absolutely not! C. Me neither. D. So do I.

Choose the underlined word or phrase, A, B, c or D that needs correcting.

• 1. Scientists said that we may find evidence for life beyond Earth within the next decades.

A B C D

• 1. Kepler-186f was the first Earth-sized planet discovery in the habitable zone.

A B C D

• 1. The Earth is much closest to the Sun than it is to Jupiter.

A B C D

• 1. Today’s teenagers use technology to stay in touch to friends at all times.

A B C D

• 1. Andrew reported that he saw an UFO silently flying through the sky.

A B C D

• 1. People who are deaf or impaired hearing often communicate in sign language.

A B C D

• 1. A recent study found that 50% of teens feel that they are addicted on their devices.

A B C D

• 1. Scientists are looking for another planet accommodate our increasing population.

A B C D

• 1. Like Earth, Mars has seasons, polar ice caps, volcanoes, canyons, and it has weather.

A B C D

• 1. Many people wonder what flying cars will ever take off.

A B C D

1. Write the correct tense or form of the verbs in brackets.
2. Planets outside our Solar System (call) exoplanets.
3. She asked her teacher if scientists _ (find) water on Mars yet.
4. In 1876, at the age of 29, Alexander Graham Bell (invent) his telephone.
5. At this time tomorrow we (watch) a solar eclipse.
6. Carol told me she (fly) to Nha Trang the next day.
7. Scientists (search) for signs of liquid water on Mars for decades.
8. Mark and Judy (see) a flying saucer when they _ (walk) in
9. How would the world change if extraterrestrial life (find)?
10. NASA is planning (send) a helicopter to Mars in July of 2020.
11. It’s possible we may not _ (be) alone even in our own solar System.

Supply the correct form of the words in brackets.

1. Australian have developed a technology that could make all plastic recyclable.

(science)

1. Astronomers have discovered a system containing at least five planets.

(planet)

1. Japanese people are very . They are fond of creating things. (invent)
2. Are AirPods the best earbuds? (wire)
3. Because of its extremely cold temperatures, Titan is completely for terrestrial life. (suit)
4. I really doubt anyone could live on Mars cause of living conditions there. (appropriate)
5. Facial are a very important part of communication. (express)
6. It’s quite clear that the electric car is possible. (technique)
7. The idea of people with _ powers frightens me a little. (telepathy)
8. The new cars will be energy efficient and friendly. (environment)

Match the questions to the answers.

h. We can use both our words and our gestures.

1. Yes. They will replace humans for many jobs.
2. It’s the set of rules about behavior that is acceptable on the Internet.
3. Maybe on Mars or Venus.
4. How long did the spacecraft Galileo orbit Jupiter?
5. Why can’t we live on Mars these days?
6. What are Thomas Edison’s most famous inventions?
7. What does IDK, LY, and TTYL mean?
8. Put an appropriate word in each gap to complete the passage.

SPACE EXPLORATION

Space exploration is sending people or machines into (1)

to visit other

planets and objects in space. Mankind has dreamed (2) _ visiting the stars for hundreds of years, but it wasn’t until 1969 that the first person walked on the Moon.

Since the first person walked on the Moon, hundreds of satellites have been (3)

into orbit around the earth, and hundreds of people have been into space on lots of different types of spacecraft. We have also sent machines to investigate objects that are further (4) _ in the Solar System. Voyager I and Voyager II, launched in 1977, have almost reached the edge of the Solar System and will soon be exploring deep

space. They have travelled further from Earth than any other (5) made by man.

They visited Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto on their journey through the Solar System.

Apart from the Moon, the most popular place to send (6) space

expeditions is to Mars. Since the year 2000, there have been 10 unmanned expeditions to Mars. Some scientists think that creatures may have lived on Mars millions of years ago, (7)

Mars was warmer and had more air - NASA sent the rover Curiosity to Mars in 2012 to look for evidence of (8) . They haven’t found it yet, but they are going to keep on looking!

Choose the word which best fits each gap.

Many teens think they are addicted to cell phones, and they (1) act like it. In one study, teens aged fifteen to nineteen describe themselves as addicted to their phones, and in another, 30 percent say they’re (2) when they can’t use it. Cell phone use, like drugs and alcohol, may act on the reward centers of the brain. When the brain gets its

perceived reward - whether it’s heroin, chocolate, (3) the fun of texting two

thousand times a month on average - it wants a do-over, again and again and again. Suddenly, a behavior is born. Psychologists who have studied cell phone use, particularly texting, by teens, report that it is (4) to anxiety, behavioral problems, distraction

in school, repetitive stress injury, and sleep deprivation. In Russia, scientists and government officials have advised that anyone under the age of eighteen (5) _ not use a cell

phone. In France, there’s a (6) children.

against marketing mobile phones to young

Parents of both preteens and adolescents need to set and (7) rules for teen cell phone use. Don’t be afraid to ground any child’s cell phone use - by taking it away for a day or two (8) he or she ignores reasonable rules!

Read the passage carefully, then do the tasks.

Scientists say it could take at least 1,500 years before humans make contact with species of aliens, or for them to communicate with or find us. Astronomers from Cornell University in the USA combined two existing theories about the possibility of life existing on other planets to form a new equation. One of these theories is the Fermi Paradox described by physicist Enrico Fermi in 1950. This States that while billlons of Earth-like planets exist in our galaxy, not One has made contact with Earth yet. The other is the principle, which suggests that because there is life on Earth, it will typically exist on Earth-like planets throughout the universe.

“We haven’t heard from aliens yet, as space is a big place, but that doesn’t mean no one is out there,” study author and Cornell astronomy student Evan Solomonides said. According to Solomonides, extraterrestrials could have received signals from Earth. However, he suggests that ET would not have been able to decode them. He said they would need to decode the light waves into sounds and analyse 3,000 human languages to understand any messages. He said that signals from Earth have only reached about 8,500 stars and that the Milky Way galaxy alone contains 200 billion stars. He added: “If we stop listening or looking, we may miss the signals, so we should keep looking.”

Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).

• 1. Scientists say humans are unlikely to hear from aliens for at least 1,500 years.
  2. Cornell astronomers examined 20 different theories on whether aliens exist.
  3. One theory that was looked at was from a physicist.
  4. Another theory said there is life on Earth so there will be on other planets.
  5. Solomonides said aliens couldn’t receive signals from Earth as space is a big place.
  6. He said aliens would need to decode 3,000 languages to understand human message.
  7. So far Earth’s broadcast signals have reached around 8,500 stars.
  8. The researcher suggested we stop looking for alien life.

Answer the questions.

• 1. How many years might it be before we make contact with aliens?
  2. What university are the researchers from?
  3. When did the Italian physicist Enrico Fermi describe his theory?
  4. Who is Evan Solomonides?
  5. What did Evan Solomonides say about space?
  6. What will extraterrestrials need to do to understand human messages?
  7. What contains 200 billion stars?

Write the second sentence so that it has the same meaning to the first one. Use the word given.

1. “Scientists have searched for extraterrestrial life on other planets for decades,” the teacher said to us. (TOLD)
2. Eating in weightless conditions isn’t easy. (EPS)
3. Maybe aliens will invade the Earth and do the same thing. (MIGHT)
4. Jupiter’s moon Europa is cold and the ice on the surface is probably as hard as rock. (SO)
5. The atmosphere of Mars is very thin and we can’t breathe it. (TOO)
6. Most students searching for information try to find the details on the Internet. (LOOK)
7. In the end they managed to land on the surface of the moon. (SUCCEEDED)
8. Teens like texting better than talking face to face. (PREFER)
9. Steve Jobs founded Apple Computer in Los Gatos, California on 1 April, 1976. (BY)
10. “Will we have flying cars by 2025?” Tim wanted to know. (WHETHER)

ĐÁP ÁN

UNIT 12: LIFE ON OTHER PLANETS

• 1. PHONETICS

1. Add ful or less to these words to make an adjective (some words can use either suffix). Then mark the stressed syllables.

1. Complete the sentences with the words in the box. Then read the sentences aloud.

• 1. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR

1. Match the planets with their descriptions.

1. Complete the sentences with the words or phrases in the box.

1. Choose the best answers to complete the sentences.

1. Complete the sentences using may (not) or might (not). Where two answers are possible, write them both.

1. Underline the correct answers.

1. Complete the reported yes/ no questions.
2. The woman asked John if/ whether she might ask him a few questions.
3. The teacher asked me if/ whether I had done my project about space exploration.
4. Debbie asked her father if/ whether we would be able to live on Mars in 2050.
5. I asked the Browns if/ whether they were having a barbecue that night.
6. Jane asked Tom if/ whether he liked sci-fi films that featured extraterrestrial life.
7. Val asked me if/ whether scientists found/ had found life on Mars many years before.
8. Many people wondered if/ whether aliens or UFOs were real.
9. Sally asked her best friend if/ whether they could go to the National Museum the following day/ the next day.
10. Duc asked Trang if/ whether she knew NASA had found two new planets.
11. She wanted to know if/ whether I were/ had been there the day before/ the previous day
12. Complete the reported wh- questions.
13. Jane asked me where we would live in 20 years' time.
14. I asked Peter how his trip to Toronto was/ had been.
15. Sue asked why Judy didn't wait/ hadn't waited for fireballs the night before/ the previous night.
16. The teacher asked us how many planets there were in the solar System.
17. Elliot wanted to know how many days it took to get to Mars from Earth.
18. I asked Sally what she was staring at.
19. Joe asked his teacher who discovered/ had discovered the planet Neptune.
20. He asked the astronaut how long he had been living on the International Space Station.
21. The students wanted to know when humans would go to Venus.
22. I asked Sally and Andy where they were going that summer holiday.
23. Rewrite each sentence as reported speech with tense and time and place expression changes.
24. Tim said (that) he had been there three months before.
25. He wanted to know when the next train left.
26. She asked me if/ whether I was meeting Judy at four o’clock that day.
27. Jane told me (that) she had already seen that/ the exhibition.
28. My mother asked who I had met at the party the night before/ the previous night.
29. Miki said (that) they were having dinner then, so she could only talk for a minute.
30. I asked Peter if/ whether I might use his phone.
31. The Prime Minister announced (that) public spending would be increased the following year/ the next year.
32. Peter said (that) his father drank a cup of coffee every morning before
33. Cheryl asked the old woman how long she had lived there.
34. Choose the correct answers.

1. Supply the correct form of the words in brackets.

1. Fill in each blank with an appropriate preposition.

• 1. SPEAKING

1. Complete the dialogue with the appropriate sentences (A - H).

1. Reorder the sentences to make a dialogue.
   1. Officer Jones speaking. What do you want to report?
   2. Well, I’d like to report a UFO sighting.
   3. A what?
   4. What do you mean “what?” An unidentified flying object!
   5. Wait, tell me exactly what you saw.
   6. Well, I was driving home from a party about three hours ago, so it was about 2:00 AM, when I saw this bright light overhead.
   7. Okay. And then what happened?
   8. Well, I stopped to watch the light when it disappeared behind a hill about a kilometer ahead of me.
   9. Now, how do you know it was a UFO? Perhaps you only saw the lights of an airplane, or the headlights of an approaching car. Things like that happen, you know.
   10. Well if it was that, how do you explain “the alien”?
   11. What do you mean, “the alien”?
   12. Okay. I kept driving for about five minutes when all of a sudden, this giant, hairy creature jumped out in front of my car.
   13. Now, have you been taking any alcohol in the last 24 hours? You mentioned you went to a party.
   14. What? Well, I did have a few beers, but I’m telling the truth.
   15. READING
2. Complete the passage with the words from the box.

1. Read the passage, then do the tasks
2. Decide if the statements are true (T) or false (F).

1. Answer the questions.
   1. Another name for inner planets are terrestrial planets.
   2. People can’t live on Mercury because of its extreme temperatures and thin atmosphere.
   3. The atmosphere of Venus is primarily composed of carbon dioxide.
   4. Venus is hotter than Mercury.
   5. Yes, it is.
   6. Marsh canyons and mountains are very similar to Earth's./ Canyons and mountains of Mars are very similar to Earth's.

E. WRITING

1. Reorder the words to make sentences.
   1. Susan asked her teacher if scientists had found water on Mars.
   2. There might not be life on Mercury because it's too close to the sun.
   3. Scientists say that we may find evidence for life beyond Earth within the next decades.
   4. Jenny wanted to know how we would make first contact with aliens.
   5. Earth is three times farther from the sun than Mercury.
   6. Nick told the interviewer that the UFO looked like a big disc in the sky.
   7. Mars is called the red planet because its surface is covered in red dust.
   8. Mercury is the fastest of all the planets to orbit the Sun.
   9. Do you think intelligent life exists on other planets?
   10. She asked me what I would do if I saw a UFO.
2. Write the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the first one.
   1. Plans for an extension to the ISS have been drawn by American scientists.
   2. Ele asked if/ whether NASA could prove that there was life on a moon of Jupiter.
   3. The student asked, “How long does it take to get to red planet?”
   4. When Sarah arrived at the office, Paul had (already) left.
   5. The plane was prevented from taking off on time by the heavy snow.
   6. My parents asked what time I had got home the previous night/ the night before.
   7. Lucy might not be at home now.
   8. NASA hasn't sent humans to the moon since 1972.
   9. She said that they were meeting Tony at 8 o'clock that night.
   10. Sam said to me, "I am very tired now because I have been working hard for 12 hours."

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TEST FOR UNIT 12

1. Choose the word that has underlined part pronounced differently from the rest.

1. Choose the word whose main stress pattern is placed differently.

II. Complete each sentence with a suitable word.

1. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentence.

1. Choose the underlined word or phrase, A, B, c or D that needs correcting.

1. Write the correct tense or form of the verbs in brackets.

1. Supply the correct form of the words in brockets.

1. Match the questions to the answers.

1. Choose the word which best fits each gap.

1. Read the passage carefully, then do the tasks.
2. Match the bold words or phrases in the text with their definitions.

1. Choose the correct answers.

1. Change the following sentences into indirect speech or vice versa.
2. "Have you ever read an astronomy book?" Candy asked me.
3. Carol told her father that she would let him know if she had any more problems.
4. "The Moon is more than 380,000 km from the Earth," the professor said to us.
5. Mark wanted to know when the Kepler mission had ended.
6. "Are you going to see lunar eclipse tomorrow?" Daniel asked me.
7. "We have been waiting for more than two hours," the customers said.
8. Tim asked his sister if/ whether she could help him with the/ that tricky math question.
9. "NASA was sending a helicopter to Mars the next year / the following year,” NASA’s administrator said.
10. "Where on Mars may/ might humans first land?" They wondered.
11. "Did the spaceship Voyager fly past Pluto three weeks ago?" Gwen asked.

TEST YOURSELF 4

1. Choose the word that has underlined part pronounced differently from the rest.

1. Choose the word that has different stress pattern.

Complete the sentence with an appropriate word. The first letter is given.

1. Choose the best answer a, b, c or d to complete the sentence.

Choose the underlined word or phrase, A, B, c or D that needs correcting.

1. Write the correct tense or form of the verbs in brackets.

Supply the correct form of the words in brackets.

1. Match the questions to the answers.

Put an appropriate word in each gap to complete the passage.

1. Choose the word which best fits each gap.

Read the passage carefully, then do the tasks.

1. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).

Answer the questions.

1. It might be at least 1,500 years before we make contact with aliens?
2. The researchers are from Cornell university in the USA.
3. The Italian physicist Enrico Fermi described his theory in 1950.
4. Evan Solomonides is a study author and an astronomy student at Cornell University.
5. Evan Solomonides said that space is a big place.
6. To understand human messages, extraterrestrials will need to decode the light waves into sounds and analyse 3,000 human languages.
7. The Milky Way galaxy contains 200 billion stars.

Write the second sentence so that it has the same meaning to the first one. Use the word given.

1. The teacher told us scientists had searched for extraterrestrial life on other planets for decades.
2. It's difficult to eat in weightless conditions./ It's not easy to eat in weightless conditions.
3. Aliens might invade the Earth and might do the same thing.
4. Jupiter’s moon Europa is so cold that the ice on the surface is probably as hard as rock.
5. The atmosphere of Mars is too thin (for us) to breathe.
6. Most students searching for information look up the details on the Internet.
7. In the end they succeeded in landing on the surface of the moon.
8. Teens prefer texting to talking face to face.
9. Apple Computer was founded in Los Gatos, Calitornia on 1 April, 1976 by Steve Jobs.
10. Tim wanted to know whether we would have flying cars by 2025.