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SỞ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO GIA LAI

TRƯỜNG : THPT CHUYÊN HÙNG VƯƠNG

KỲ THI OLYMPIC TRUYỀN THỐNG 30 - 4 LẦN THỨ XXIV

ĐỀ THI ĐỀ NGHỊ MÔN: TIẾNG ANH ; KHỐI: 10

NĂM HỌC 2017 - 2018

I. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (40 pts)

QUESTION 1: WORD CHOICE ( 5pts)

Choose the word or phrase from A, B, C or D that fits each blank.

1.I’m afraid Jennifer’s very ______ She believes everything she’s told.

A. gullible B. trustworthy C. credible D. honest

2.In the hands of a reckless driver, a car becomes a _____ weapon.

A. lethal B. fatal C. mortal D. venal

3. I slept badly last night and am feeling particularly ______ this morning.

A. slow-witted B. far-reaching C. off-hand D. top-heavy

4.Radio and television make it possible for the news to be widely______ .

A. disseminated B. dislocated C. dismantled D. expressed

5. You can’t bury your head ______ and hope that this problem goes away, you know.

A. in the mud B. in the pool C. in the sand D. in the water

6.Unanswered, the demands for nuclear deterrents have _______ fears of civil war.

A. flashed up B. prognosticated C. sidetracked D. stoked up

7.This evidence should prove ______ that he was telling the truth

A.once and for all B.from time to time C.over and above D.now and then

8.A new computer has been produced, which will ______ all previous models

A.overdo B.supersede C.excel D.overwhelm

10. My decision to drop out of university after a year is one I now _____ regret.

A. painfully B. harshly C. heavily D. keenly

KEYS : 1A 2.A 3. D 4.A 5.C 6. D 7. A 8. B 9. D 10. A

QUESTION 2 : STRUCTURES AND GRAMMAR (5pts)

Choose the answer which best complete each sentence

1. I supposed, as ______ we all, that the meeting would be cancelled.

A. did B. would C. only D. just

2. Although the Moon appears ______, it reflects on average only 7 percent of the light that falls on it.

A. bright to the eye B. brightly to the eye

C. bright in the eye D. brightly in the eye

3. “What would you do in my place?” - “Were ______ treated like that, I’d complain to the manager.”

A. I to be B. I to had been C. I have been D. to I be

4. ______ the catfish is prized for its taste.

A. With ugly look B. As ugly looking

C. Ugly looking as it is D. As it is ugly looking

5. His advice that it ______ at once is reasonable.

A. should do B. be done C. needs to be done D. is done

6. At no time ______ you pay a rise.

A. did I ever promise B. do ever I promise

C. I have ever promised D. had ever I promised

7. Dick put ______ ball in ______ net in ______ second half but ______ goal was disallowed

A. a/a/a/a B. the/the/the/the C. the/the/a/a D. a/a/the/the

8. ______ about what he had heard, John telephoned hia brother

A. Having worried B.To worry C. He worried D. Worried

9. ______ given to the various types of microscopic plants and animals found in water

A. Named plankton B. the name of plankton

C. Plankton’s name D. Plankton is the name

10. You must ______ asleep in the train.

A. have been tired if you fallen B. be tired if you fallen

C. have been tired if you fell D. have been tired if you fall

KEYS : 1A 2.A 3. A 4.C 5.B 6. A 7. B 8. D 9. D 10. C

QUESTION 3 : PREPOSTIONS AND PHRASAL VERBS (5pts)

Choose the most suitable options to complete each sentence

1. Both the favourite and then the second favourite pulled out. Naturally, we thought we were ______ a chance.

A in with B up for C in for D up with

2. His company went bankrupt, three years of hard work ______ the drain.

A. into B. in C. down D. low

3. Don’t quote me. What I am about to say is ______ the record.

A. on B. off C. without D. above

4.I was so tired that I just ______ in the armchair

A.flaked out B.broke up C.dropped out D.fell over

5.The subject of sex equality seem to ______ in every discussion lesson in my school

A.burst out B.zero in C.crop up D.harp on

6.Our teacher tendsto ______ certain subjects which she finds difficult to talk about

A.boil down B.string along C. skate over D.track down

7.It’s a good idea to ______ people before taking them into your confidence

A.tumble to B.root out C.bank on D.size up

8.Some people can just ______ a cold,but my colds seem to linger for weeks

A.shrug off B.cough up C.pull through D.stamp out

9.The man in the market was selling leather coats very cheaply: they were such bargainsthat were soon ______ .

A.cleared off B.done for C.bought out D. snapped up

10.I couldn’t remember where I had left my car , when it suddenly ______ me that I didn’t have a car any longer!

A.dawned on B.ran into C.went through D.tumbled to

KEYS : 1A 2.C 3. B 4.A 5.C 6. C 7. D 8. A 9. D 10. A

QUESTION 4 : COLLOCATIONS AND IDIOMS ( 5pts)

Choose the answer which best complete each sentence

1. It’s great here. Have had ______ ever since we arrived. We’re having a wonderful time.

A. broken sunshine B. unbroken sunshine

C. unbroken light D. unbroken clouds

2. Palair Airlines offers excellent ______ entertainment, with the latest movies and music.

A. on-flight B. during-flight C. in-flight D. over-flight

3. The cottage is in some wonderful ______ countryside on the edge of a dense forest.

A. far B. unspoiled C. great D. spoilt

4. As students, David, Kevin and William were as thick as ______ .

A. thieves B. boy scouts C. a team D. thistles

5. Whenever I feel embarrassed I always go as red as ______ .

A. a rose B. lipstick C. a raspberry D. a beetroot

6. He might look kind and sympathetic, but deep down he’s as hard as ______ .

A. nails B. a mountain C. a gangster D. an iceberg

7. Nagging Susan to stop smoking has no effect on her. It’s like water off ______ .

A. a windmill B. a duck’s back C. a dripping tap D. an umbrella

8. My father ______ when he found out that I’d damaged the car.

A. hit the roof B. saw pink elephants

C. made my blood boil D. brought the house down.

9.My mother ______ for an anvironmental group. She helps raise money to protect wildlife

A. indentifies B. encourages C. shares D. volunteers

10.At the 1952 Olympics, speed skaters who had taken amphetamines became ______ ill.

A grimly B. gravely C. solemnly D. rigorously

KEYS : 1D 2.C 3. A 4.A 5.D 6. A 7. B 8. A 9. D 10. B

QUESTION 5: READING COMPREHENSIONS. (10ms)

Passage 1: Read the following passage and choose the best option to complete the blank or answer the question. (5 pts)

Life originated in the early seas less than a billion years after Earth was formed.

  Yet another three billion years were to pass before the first plants and animals appeared

 on the continents. Life's transition from the sea to the land was perhaps as much of an

evolutionary challenge as was the genesis of life.

What forms of life were able to make such a drastic change in lifestyle ? The traditional view of the first terrestrial organisms is based on megafossils ― relatively large specimens of essentially whole plants and animals. Vascular plants, related to  modern seed plants and ferns, left the first comprehensive megafossil record. Because of this, it has been commonly assumed that the sequence of terrestrialization reflected the evolution of modern terrestrial ecosystems. In this view, primitive vascular plants first colonized the margins of continental waters, followed by animals that fed on the plants, and lastly by animals that preyed on the plant-eaters. Moreover, the megafossils suggest that terrestrial life appeared and diversified explosively near the boundary between the Silurian and the Devonian periods, a little more than 400 million years ago. Recently, however, paleontologists have been taking a closer look at the sediments below this Silurian-Devonian geological boundary. It turns out that some fossils can be  extracted from these sediments by putting the rocks in an acid bath.The technique has  uncovered new evidence from sediments that were deposited near the shores of the ancient oceans ― plant microfossils and microscopic pieces of small animals. In many instances, the specimens are less than one-tenth of a millimeter in diameter. Although they were entombed in the rocks for hundreds of millions of years, many of the fossils consist of the organic remains of the organism.

             These newly discovered fossils have not only revealed the existence of previously

unknown organisms, but have also pushed back these dates for the invasion of land by multicellular organisms. Our views about the nature of the early plant and animal communities are now being revised. And with those revisions come new speculations about the first terrestrial life-forms.

1. The word “drastic” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to ______.

A. widespread B. radical C. progressive D. risky

2. According to the theory that the author calls “the traditional view,” what was the first form of life to appear on land?

A. Bacteria B. Meat-eating animals

C. Plant-eating animals D. Vascular plants                      

3. According to the passage, what happened about 400 million years ago?

A. Many terrestrial life-forms died out

B. New life-forms on land developed at a rapid rate.

C. The megafossils were destroyed by floods.

D. Life began to develop in the ancient seas.

4. The word “extracted” in line 18 is closest in meaning to _____.

A. located B. preserved C. removed D. studied

5. What can be inferred from the passage about the fossils mentioned in lines 17-20 ?

A. They have not been helpful in understanding the evolution of terrestrial life.

B. They were found in approximately the same numbers as vascular plant fossils.

C. They are older than the megafossils.

D. They consist of modern life-forms.          

6. The word “instances” in line 21 is closest in meaning to ______.

A. methods B. processes C. cases D. reasons

7. The word “they” in line 22 refers to ______.

A. rocks B. shores C. oceans D. specimens

8. The word “entombed” in lime 22 is closest in meaning to ______.

A. crushed B. trapped C. produced D. excavated

9. Which of the following resulted from the discovery of microscopic fossils?

A. The time estimate for the first appearance of terrestrial life-forms was revised.

B. Old techniques for analyzing fossils were found to have new uses.

C. The origins of primitive sea life were explained.

D. Assumptions about the locations of ancient seas were changed.

10. With which of the following conclusions would the author probably agree?

A. The evolution of terrestrial life was as complicated as the origin of life itself.

B. The discovery of microfossils supports the traditional view of how terrestrial life evolved.

C. New species have appeared at the same rate over the course of the last 400 million years.

D. The technology used by paleontologists is too primitive to make accurate determinations about ages of fossils.

KEYS:

1. B 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. C

6. C 7. D 8. B 9. A 10. A

Passage 2: Read the following passage and choose the best option to complete the blank or answer the question. (5 pts)

Animation traditionally is done by hand-drawing or painting successive frames of an object, each slightly different than the preceding frame. In computer animation, although the computer may be the one to draw the different frames, in most cases the artist will draw the beginning and ending frames and the computer will produce the drawings between the first and the last drawing. This is generally referred to as computer-assisted animation, because the computer is more of a helper than an originator.

In full computer animation, complex mathematical formulas are used to produce the final sequence of pictures. These formulas operate on extensive databases of numbers that define the objects in the pictures as they exist in mathematical space. The database consists of endpoints, and color and intensity information. Highly trained professionals are needed to produce such effects because animation that obtains high degrees of realism involves computer techniques for three-dimensional transformation, shading, and curvatures.

High-tech computer animation for film involves very expensive computer systems along with special color terminals or frame buffers. The frame buffer is nothing more than a giant image memory for viewing a single frame. It temporarily holds the image for display on the screen.

A camera can be used to film directly from the computer's display screen, but for the highest quality images possible, expensive film recorders are used. The computer computes the positions and colors for the figures in the picture, and sends this information to the recorder, which captures it on film. Sometimes, however, the images are stored on a large magnetic disk before being sent to the recorder. Once this process is completed, it is repeated for the next frame. When the entire sequence has been recorded on the film, the film must be developed before the animation can be viewed. If the entire sequence does not seem right, the motions must be corrected, recomputed, redisplayed, and rerecorded. This approach can be very expensive and time consuming. Often, computer-animation companies first do motion tests with simple computer-generated line drawings before selling their computers to the task of calculating the high-resolution, realistic-looking images.

1. What aspect of computer animation does the passage mainly discuss?

A. The production process B. The equipment needed

C. The high cost D. The role of the artist

2. According to the passage, in computer-assisted animation the role of the computer is to draw the____.

A. first frame B. middle frames

C. last frame D. entire sequence of frames

3. The word "they" in the second paragraph refers to____.

A. formulas B. databases C. numbers D. objects

4. According to the passage, the frame buffers mentioned in the third paragraph are used to____.

A. add color to the images B. expose several frames at the same time

C. store individual images D. create new frames

5. According to the passage, the positions and colours of the figures in high-tech animation are determined by____.

A. drawing several versions B. enlarging one frame at a lime

C. analyzing the sequence from different angles D. using computer calculations

6. The word "captures" in the fourth paragraph is closest in meaning to____.

A. separates B. registers C. describes D. numbers

7. The word "Once" in the fourth paragraph is closest in meaning to____.

A. before B. since C. after D. while

8. According to the passage, how do computer-animation companies often test motion?

A. They experiment with computer-generated line drawings.

B. They hand-draw successive frames.

C. They calculate high-resolution images.

D. They develop extensive mathematical formulas.

9. The word "task" in the 4th paragraph is closest in meaning to____.

A. possibility B. position C. time D. job

10. Which of the following statements is supported by the passage?

A. Computers have reduced the costs of animation.

B. In the future, traditional artists will no longer be needed.

C. Artists are unable to produce drawings as high in quality as computer drawings.

D. Animation involves a wide range of technical and artistic skills.

KEYS: 1A 2B 3D 4C 5D 6B 7C 8A 9D 10D

QUESTION 6: CLOZE TEST (10 PTS)

Passage 1: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word for each of the blanks. (5pts)

Why did you decide to read this, and will you keep reading to the end? Do you expect to understand every single part of it and will you remember anything about it in a fortnight’s

(1) _________? Common sense (2) _________ that the answers to these questions depend on “readability”- whether the (3) ________ matter is interesting, the argument clear and the (4)___________ attractive. But psychologists are trying to (5)__________why people read - and often don’t read certain things, for example technical information. They also have examined so much the writing as the readers.

Even the most technically confident people often (6)__________ instructions for video or home computer in favor of hands - on experience. And people frequently take little notice of consumer information, whether on nutritional labels or in the small print of contracts. Psychologists researching reading (7)__________to assume that both beginners and competent readers read everything put in front of them from start to finish. There are (8)__________among them about the roles of eyes, memory and brain during the process. Some people believe that fluent readers take in very letter or word they see; others (9)___________ that readers rely on memory or context to carry them from one phrase to another. But they have always assumed that the reading process is the same: reading starts, comprehension (10)___________ then reading stops.

1. A. term B. gap C. period D. time

2. A. informs B. transmits C. suggests D. advises

3. A. text B. content C. subject D. topic

4. A. layout B. assembly C. pattern D. formation

5. A. value B. determine C. rate D. ensure

6. A. pass B. miss C. ignore D. omit

7. A. tend B. lead C. undertake D. consent

8. A. contests B. arguments C. objections D. separations

9. A. direct B. insist C. press D. urge

10. A. issues B. sets C. establishes D. occurs

KEYS:

21D 22C 23C 24A 25B 26C 27A 28B 29B 30D

Passage 2: Read the following passage and mark the latter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks. (5pts)

Why is it that many teenagers have the energy to play computer games until late at night but can’t find the energy to get out of bed (1) ________ for school? According to a new report, today’s generation of children are in danger of getting so (2)_______ sleep that they are putting their mental and physical health at (3)_______. Adults can easily survive on seven to eight hours’ sleep a night, (4)_______teenagers require nine or ten hours. According to

medical experts, one in five youngsters (5)________ anything between two and five hours’ sleep a night less than their parents did at their age.

This (6) _____ serious questions about whether lack of sleep is affecting children’s ability to concentrate at school. The connection between sleep deprivation and lapses in memory, impaired reaction time and poor concentration is well (7) _______. Research has shown that losing as little as half an hour’s sleep a night can have profound effects (8) ______how children perform the next day. A good night’s sleep is also crucial for teenagers because it is while they are asleep (9)______ they release a hormone that is essential for their ‘growth spurt’ (the period during teenage years when the body grows at a rapid rate). It’s true that they can, to some (10) ______, catch up on sleep at weekends, but that won’t help them when they are dropping off to sleep in class on a Friday afternoon.

By Tim Falla and Paul A.Davies, Solutions Advanced. OUP

1. A. behind time B. about time C.in time D. at time

2. A. few B. less C. much D. little

3. A. jeopardy B. threat C. risk D. danger

4. A. or B. because C. whereas D. so

5. A. puts B. gets C. brings D. makes

6. A. raises B. rises C. results D. comes

7. A. organized B. arranged C. established D. acquired

8. A. in B. on C. to D. at

9. A. at which B. which C. where D. that

10. A. rate B. extent C. level D. point

KEYS:

1C 2D 3C 4C 5B 6A 7C 8B 9D 10B

B. WRITTEN TEST

QUESTION 1: OPEN CLOZE TEST: (20pts)

Close test 1: Fill each blank with ONE word. (10 pts)

CELL PHONES

Cell phones have been popular in Japan since the early 1990s, but it was not (1) ____ 1999 that their use really took off. The age of cell phones has emerged, but with it come problems.
Cell phones are used on buses and trains, in restaurants, and in all (2) ______ of life. They cause problems when they (3) ______ during meetings, concerts, wedding, or even funerals. What’s more, people speak loudly in public, and students read and text messages during lessons. More seriously, when a cell phone is used near a person using a (4) ______ to regulate his heartbeat, its radio waves may (5) ______ with the functioning of the pacemaker.
Now, something is being done to (6) ______ these problems. In many places, new technology is being used to block cell phone calls. Airline (7) ______ are requested to stop using cell phones while on board. Concert halls ask their audience to switch their phones to the (8) ______ mode. However, phone users fear that if they do not answer their phones, they will (9) ______ valuable business opportunities. That’s why many do not (10) ______ off their phones even when they are asked to.

KEYS:

1. until 2. areas 3. ring 4. pacemaker 5. interfere

6. solve 7. passengers 8. silent 9. lose 10. turn

Close test 2: Fill each blank with ONE word. (10 pts)

The Importance of Being Sporty

It is a multi-million dollar industry and  that attracts some of the most talented individuals alive, it generates further millions (1) ______  advertising revenue and has spawned a whole celebrity culture of its (2) ______  . But what role does sport play in our ordinary lives?
Few people are untouched (3) ______  sport. We all have (4) _____ favorite football team or tennis player or, at least, support our national side in major sporting events like the Olympics. How can it be, then, that so (5) ______  people actually play sports and that obesity is becoming a major threat in the developed world?
Well, in part, the answer is (6) ______ the question. Obesity is not a problem in the developing world (7) ______  participation in sport is still high. True, there may be few organized leagues but children the world still go out to play games like football with other children and this comes the supremacy of countries like Brazil in the world of football.
So, what is stopping the British or the Americans? After (8) ______  , they still have organized sports in schools and a myriad of clubs and teams to join in their spare time. What they lack is a public space for children to play unsupervised outdoors. As a result, they are kept indoors and encouraged to play online (9) ______ of getting our in the fresh air. They may of course still develop a love of sport as spectators but this is unlikely to do much to lower levels of obesity (10) ______  the young.

KEYS:

1. in 2. own 3. by 4. our 5. few

6. in 7. where 8. all 9. instead 10. among

QUESTION 2: WORD FORMS (20 pts)

Part 1: Complete the sentence with the correct form of the given word. (10 pts)

1. Janet’s exam results turned out to be __________ DISASTER

2.You look rather _______. Are you worried about something? OCCUPY

3. There are very few _______ places on earth today. Man has been nearly everywhere. EXPLORE

4.The doctor gave him an injection to _______ the pain. DIE

5. Nowadays people may no longer suffer from lifetime physical _______. NORMAL

6. Home-made ice-cream is one of our _______. SPECIAL

7. The meeting has been _______ arranged for 3 p.m next Friday. PROVIDE

8. The government’s _____ approach has brought criticism. COMPROMISE

9. Jim is one of the most _______ members of the committee. SPEAK

10.Many newspapers today gave very sensational ______ about the private life of that Hollywood star. CLOSE

KEYS:

1. disastrous 2. preoccupied 3. unexplored 4. deaden

5. abnormalities 6. specialties 7. provisionally 8. Uncompromisin9. outspoken 10. disclosures

Part 2: Complete the passage with appropriate forms from the words given in the box.(10 pts)

“All things come to those who wait.” It’s a (1) ______ phrase that has kept the British patiently in line for years. For (2) ______we’ve been waiting our turn. This may sometimes have led to (3) _____ abroad, when (4) ______ haven’t always respected the rules of the orderly queue. But at home we have (5) ______ enjoyed our reputation. It’s rather (6) ______, though, isn’t it? Today’s highly developed culture of (7) _____ to the public seems to have more in common with the American “I want it and I want it now” philosophy. But our (8) ______ seems to be growing. We may wait with less (9) ______ than we used to – you only have to observe the (10) ______ shoppers in a supermarket queue. But wait we still do.

KEYS:

1. traditional 2. generations 3. anger 4. foreigners 5. secretly

6. unfashionable 7. service 8. patience 9. politeness 10. frustrate

QUESTION 3: ERROR IDENTIFICATION (10 pts)

Identify 10 errors in the following passage and correct them.

It is very difficult to succeed in the music business; nine out of ten bands that release a first record fail to produce the second. Surviving in the music industry requires luck and patience, but most of all it requires and intricate knowledge of how a record company is functioned. The process begins when a representative of a company's Artists and Reportoire (A & R) department visits bars and night clubs, scouting for young, talented bands. After the representative identifies a promised band, he or she will work to negotiate a contract with that band. The signature of this recording contract is a slow process. A company will spend a long time to investigate the band itself as well as current trands in popular music. During this period, it is important that a band reciprocates with an investigation of its own, learning as much as possible about the record company and making personnel connections within the different departments that will handle their recordings.

🖎Write your answers here:

KEYS:

QUESTION 5: SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION (20pts)

Part 1:Finish each of the second sentences in such a way that they have the same meaning as the original ones:

1. I left without saying goodbye as I didn’t want to disturb the meeting.

🡒 Rather ________________________________________

2. For further information, please send a self-addressed envelope to the above address.

→ Further information can ________________________________________

3. It shouldn’t have surprised me that my children didn’t like the new, cheaper ice-cream..

→ I might ________________________________________

4. The noise made by the children didn’t prevent the baby from sleeping soundly.

→ Whatever ________________________________________

5. Don’t run away with the idea that this job is easy. (conclusion)

→ ________________________________________

6. Russ’s opinions on the new management policies were very different from those of his fellow workers. (odds)

→ Russ ________________________________________ the new management policies.

7. The young actress was very nervous before the audition. (butterflies)

→ _____________________________________________________ 

8. Margaret is said to be a very good cook. ( reputation)

→ _____________________________________________________ 

9. She chooses the kind of hotels she stays in very carefully.

→ She’s very fussy _________________________________________    

10.     The rocketing prices have proved too much for most salaried people. (cope)

→ _____________________________________________________    

KEYS:

1. Rather than disturb the meeting, I left without saying goodbye.

2. Further information can be obtained by sending a self-addressed envelope to the above address.

3. I might have known my children would not like the new, cheaper ice-cream.

4. Whatever the noise the children made, the baby slept soundly.

5. Don’t come to/ draw the conclusion that job is easy.

6. Russ was at odds with his fellow workers over the new management policies.

7. The young actress had butterflies in her stomach before the audition.

8. Margaret has a reputation for being a very good cook.

9. She’s very fussy about the kind of hotels she stays in.

10. Most salaried people haven’t been able to cope with the rocketing prices.

A. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

Câu hỏi 1: ( 5 điểm)

I. WORD CHOICE

Choose the best option to complete each of the following sentences:

1. The criminal performed 100 hours of community service work to atone for his crime.

A. make out B. compensate C. give up D. scarifice

1. As a child, Mozart was considered to be an infant _____.

A. fantasy B. miracle C. prodigy D. sensation

1. Marie was nettled by her sister’s constant jocularity and preferred a _____ .

A. miserable B. indignant C. sycophantic D. staid

1. If the student had been less _____, he would not have been expelled from his grade school.

A. indefatigable B. perseverant C. refractory D. indigent

1. Despite his intense _____, he failed to secure the prestigious university’s coveted diploma.

A. imbibition B. lugubriousness C. lucubration D. magnanimity

1. It comes as no surprise that societies have codes of behavior; the character of the codes, on the other hand, can often be _____ .

A. predictable B. unexpected C. explicit D. confusing

1. As my eyesight began to _____ , I spent a lot of time writing about it – both poems and ‘eye journals’ – describing what I saw as I looked out through damaged eyes.

A. deteriorate B. sharpen C. recover D. adjust

1. Her _____ should not be confused with miserliness; as long as I have known her, she has always been willing to assist those who are in need.

A. stinginess B. thrift C. illiberality D. intolerance

1. Modern agricultural practices have been extremely successful in increasing the productivity of major food crops, yet despite heavy use of pesticides, _____ losses to diseases and insects pests are sustained each year.

A. reasonable B. equitable C. considerable D. incongruous

1. A recent study suggests that vitamin E supplements, despite widespread belief in their _____, are no better than sugar pills for delaying the onset of the degenerative disease.
2. potential B. misuse C. popularity D. efficacy

Đáp án câu hỏi 1:

Câu hỏi 2: ( 5 điểm)

II. VOCABULARY AND STRUCTURES.

Choose the best option to complete each of the following sentences:

1. Natural selection is defined as the process _____the course of evolution by preserving those traits best

adapted for an organism's survival.

A. to which directs B. of which directs it C. directs it D. that directs

2. Manufacturing is Canada's most important economic activity, ____17 percent of the workforce.

A. engages B. and to engage C. that it engage D. engaging

3. ____ 363 miles between the cities of Albany and Buffalo in New York State, the Eric Canal helped link the

Atlantic Ocean with the Great Lakes.

A. The extension of B. The extension C. Extending D. Extends

4. ____ that life began billions of years ago in the water.

A. It is believed B. In the belief C. The belief D. Believing

5. In geometry, an ellipse may be defined as the locus of all points _____ distances from two fixed points is

constant.

A. which as the sum of B. of the sum which

C. the sum of whose D. whose sum that the

6. _____ no two people think exactly alike, there will always be disagreement, but disagreement should not

always be avoided; it can be healthy if handled creatively.

A. There are B. Why C. That D. Because

7. Social scientists believe that _____ from sounds such as grunts and barks made by early ancestors of human

beings.

A. the very slow development of language B. language developed very slowly

C. language which,, was very slow to develop D. language, very slowly developing

8. _____ technically proficient; it also explores psychological questions.

A. Not only is Barbara Astman's artwork B. Not only Barbara Asiman's artwork

C. Barbara Astman’s artwork, which is not only D. Barbara Astman's artwork not only

9. Outbreaks of diseases in trees commonly occur _____ stressed because of drought or other environmental

factors.

1. as forests that become B. in forests become

C. that become forests D. when forests become

10. _____ the evidence is inconclusive, it is thought that at least some seals have an echolocation

system akin to that of bats, porpoises, and shrews.

A. Rather B. Despite C. Although D. Why

Đáp án câu hỏi 2:

Câu hỏi 3: ( 5 điểm)

PREPOSITIONS AND PHRASAL VERBS

Choose the best option to complete each of the following sentences:

1. I’ve been _____ at this report for hours. I’m really fed up with it.
2. slogging away B. stowing away C. whittling away D. surfing away
3. The anaesthetic is _____ and my mouth is beginning to feel quite sore now.
4. dozed off B. wearing off C. tipping off D. rocketing off
5. There have been many complaints that universities are _____ their degree courses in order to attract more students.
6. pelting down B. playing down C. dumbing down D. coming down
7. When parents are stressed at work, they sometimes _____their children.
8. take it out on B. miss it out on C. have it in for D. make it out of
9. Being spoken to like that really took me _____.
10. away B. on C. through D. aback
11. Therefore, _____ accordance with our regulations, you will be issued with a formal written warning.
12. on B. at C. in D. for
13. Our aunt is really intolerant _____ anyone who has a different point of view to her own.
14. on B. at C. with D. of
15. I think that _____ the circumstances it would be a good idea if you stayed at home for a few days.
16. under B. on C. at D. over
17. Following the financial scandal he left the job _____ disgrace.
18. on B. in C. for D. with
19. We solved the problem …………………. a new device developed by our engineers.

A. by means of B. by means C. by means to D. by mean of

Đáp án câu hỏi 3:

Câu hỏi 4: (5 điểm)

COLLOCATIONS AND IDIOMS

Choose the best option to complete each of the following sentences:

1. Today, while the vast majority of people are _____ opposed to the use of drugs in sport, detection remains a real problem for the governing bodies.
2. staunchly B. securely C. steadily D. vaguely
3. Maps are made with the help of ____ photography.

A. air B. aeronautics C. aerial D. aeroplane

3. It’s hard to believe Brian and Stephen are brothers, isn’t it? They’re as different as _____.

A. Mars from Jupiter B. milk from honey C. chalk from cheese D. margarine from butter

4. It’s a ____ shame that so little is done nowadays to help the homeless in our large cities.

A. sweeping B. crying C. dying D. pitying

5. Our dog looks very ferocious, but don’t worry, Liz. It’s gentle like ____.

A. a pony B. a lamb C. snowflakes D. a stone

6. I like my new job; the only fly in the ____ is the fact that I have to work every other weekend.

A. fat B. porridge C. soup D. ointment

7. + “I like that painting you bought. Did it cost much?” + “ No, the artist sold it to me for ____.”

A. close to nothing B. next to anything C. next to nothing D. anything next

8. True learning does not _____ in gathering facts from the teachers; it requires active assimilation

of knowledge.

A. achieve B. consist C. depend D. come

9. The saying that “Misfortunes don’t come ____,” means that Bad things can happen at the same

time.

A. soon B. at once C. single D. singly

10. He knows the interviewer already and that will give him an ______ advantage over me.

A. ardent B. significant C. unfair D. considerable

Đáp án câu hỏi 4:

Câu 5: Đọc hiểu (Reading comprehension)

Passage A

Read the following passage and choose the best answer for each of the following questions

Symbiotic Relationships

Symbiosis is a close, long-lasting physical relationship between two different species. In other words, the two species are usually in physical contact and at least one of them derives some sort of benefit from this contact. There are three different categories of symbiotic relationships: parasitism, commensalism, and mutualism.

Parasitism is a relationship in which one organism, known as the parasite, lives in or on another organism, known as the host, from which it derives nourishment. Generally, the parasite is much smaller than the host. Although the host is harmed by the interaction, it is generally not killed immediately by the parasite, and some host individuals may live a long time and be relatively little affected by their parasites. Some parasites are much more destructive than other, however. Newly established parasite/host relationships are likely to be more destructive than those that have a long evolutionary history. With a longstanding interaction between the parasite and the host, the two species generally evolve in such a way that they can accommodate one another. It is not in the parasite’s best interest to kill its host. If it does, it must find another. Likewise, the host evolves defenses against the parasite, often reducing the harm done by the parasite to a level the host can tolerate.

Parasite that live on the surface of their hosts are known as ectoparasites. Fleas, lice, and some molds and mildews are examples of ectoparasites. Many other parasites, like tapeworms, malaria parasites, many kinds of bacteria, and some fungi, are called endoparasites because they live inside the bodies of their hosts. A tapeworm lives in the intestines of its host where it is able to resist being digested and makes use of the nutrients in the intestine.

Even plants can be parasites. Mistletoe is a flowering plant that is parasitic on trees. It establishes itself on the surface of a tree when a bird transfers the seed to the tree. It then grows down into the water-conducting tissues of the tree and uses the water and minerals it obtains from these tissues to support its own growth.

If the relationship between organisms is one in which one organism benefits while the other is not affected, it is called commensalism. It is possible to visualize a parasitic relationship evolving into a commensal one. Since parasites generally evolve to do as little harm to their host as possible and the host is combating the negative effects of the parasite, they might eventually evolve to the point where the host is not harmed at all. There are many examples of commensal relationships. Orchids often use trees as a surface upon which to grow. The tree is not harmed or helped, but the orchid needs a surface upon which to establish itself and also benefits by being close to the top of the tree, where it can get more sunlight and rain. Some, mosses, ferns, and many vines also make use of the surfaces of trees in this way.

In the ocean, many sharks have a smaller fish known as a remora attached to them. Remoras have a sucker on the top of their heads that they can use to attach to the shark. In this way, they can hitchhike a ride as the shark swims along. When the shark feeds, the remora frees itself and obtain small bits of food that the shark misses. Then, the remora reattaches. The shark does not appear to be positively or negatively affected by remoras.

Mutualism is another kind of symbiotic relationship and is actually beneficial to both species involved. In many mutualistic relationships, the relationship is obligatory; the species cannot live without each other. In others, the species can exist separately but are more successful when they are involved in a mutualistic relationship. Some species of Acacia, a thorny tree, provide food in the form of sugar solutions in little structures on their steams. Certain species of ants feed on the solutions and live in the tree, which they will protect from other animals by attacking any animal that begins to feed on the tree. Both organisms benefit; the ants receive food and a place to live, and the tree is protected from animals that would use it as food.

One soil nutrient that is usually a limiting factor for plant growth is nitrogen. Many kinds of plants, such as beans, clover, and alder trees, have bacteria that live in their roots in little nodules. The roots form these nodules when they are infected with certain kinds of bacteria. The bacteria do not cause disease but provide the plants with nitrogen-containing molecules that the plants can use for growth. The nitrogen-fixing bacteria from the living site and nutrients that the plants provide, and the plants benefit from the nitrogen they receive.

1. The word it in the passsage refers to ____.

A. host B. organism C. parasite D. relationship

2. The word relatively in the passage is closest in the meaning to ____.

A. comparatively B. routinely C. adversely D. frequently

3. Which of the sentences below best expresses the information in the highlighted statement in the passage? (The other choices change the meaning or leave out important information.)

A. A parasite is less likely to destroy the host when it attaches itself at first.

B. Parasite that have lived on a host for a long time have probably done a lot damage

C. The most destructive phase for a host is when the parasite first invades it.

D. The relationship between a parasite and a host will evolve over time

4. The word tolerate in the passage is closest in meaning to ____.

A. permit B. oppose C. profit D. avoid

5. According to paragraph 3, how do ectoparasites survive?

A. They live in mold and mildew on their hosts

B. They digest food in the intestines of their hosts

C. They live on the nutrients in their bacterial hosts

D. They inhabit the outside parts of their hosts

6. Which of the following is mentioned as an example of a commensal relationship?

A. Orchids B. Mistletoe C. Ants D. Fungus

7. The word actually in the passage is closest in meaning to ____.

A. frequently B. initially C. really D. usually

8. In paragraph 7, why does the author use the example of the Acacia tree?

A. To demonstrate how ants survive by living in trees

B. To explain how two species can benefit from contact

C. To show the relationship between plants and animals

D. To present a problem that occurs often in nature

9. According to paragraph 8, how does bacteria affect beans and clover?

A. It causes many of the plants to die B. It limits the growth of young plants

C. It supplies nitrogen to the crops D. It infects the roots with harmful nodules

10. In which of the following chapters would this passage most probably appear?

A. Environment and Organisms B. Pollution and Policies

C. Human Influences on Ecosystems D. Energy Resources

Đáp án câu hỏi 1:

Passage B

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

GROUP DECISION MAKING

Advantages of Group Decision Making

Committees, task forces, and ad hoc groups are frequently assigned to identify and recommend decision alternatives or, in some cases, to actually make important decisions. In essence, a group is a tool that can focus the experience and expertise of several people on a particular problem or situation. Thus, a group offers the advantage of greater total knowledge. Groups accumulate more information, knowledge, and facts than individuals and often consider more alternatives. Each person in the group is able to draw on his or her unique education, experience, insights, and other resources and contribute those to the group. The varied backgrounds, training levels, and expertise of group members also help overcome tunnel vision by enabling the group to view the problem in more than one way.

Participation in group decision making usually leads to higher member satisfaction. People tend to accept a decision more readily and to be better satisfied with it when they have participated in making that decision. In addition, people will better understand and be more committed to a decision in which they have had a say than to a decision made for them. As a result, such a decision is more likely to be implemented successfully.

Disadvantages of Group Decision Making

While groups have-many potential benefits, we all know that they can also be frustrating. One obvious disadvantage of group decision making is the time required to make a decision. The time needed for group discussion and the associated compromising and selecting of a decision alternative can be considerable. Time costs money, so a waste of time becomes a disadvantage if a decision made by a group could have been made just as effectively by an individual working alone. Consequently, group decisions should be avoided when speed and efficiency are the primary considerations.

A second disadvantage is that the group discussion may be dominated by an individual or subgroup. Effectiveness can be reduced if one individual, such as the group leader, dominates the discussion by talking too much or being closed to other points of view. Some group leaders try to control the group and provide the major input. Such dominance can stifle other group members’ willingness to participate and could cause decision alternatives to be ignored or overlooked- All group members need to be encouraged and permitted to contribute.

Another disadvantage of group decision making is that members may be less concerned with the group’s goals than with their own personal goals. They may become so sidetracked in trying to win an argument that they forget about group performance. On the other hand, a group may try too hard to compromise and consequently may not make optimal decisions. Sometimes this stems from the desire to maintain friendships and avoid disagreements. Often groups exert tremendous social pressure on individuals to conform to established or expected patterns of behavior. Especially when they are dealing with important and controversial issues, interacting groups may be prone to a phenomenon called groupthink.

Groupthink is an agreement-at-any-cost mentality that results in ineffective group decision making. It occurs when groups are highly cohesive, have highly directive leaders, are insulated so they have no clear ways to get objective information, and—because they lack outside information—have little hope that a better solution might be found than the one proposed by the leader or other influential group members. These conditions foster the illusion that the group is invulnerable, right, and more moral than outsiders. They also encourage the development of self-appointed “mind guards” who bring pressure on dissenters. In such situations, decisions—

often important decisions—are made without consideration of alternative frames or alternative options. It is difficult to imagine conditions more conducive to poor decision making and wrong decisions.

Recent research indicates that groupthink may also result when group members have preconceived ideas about how a problem should be solved. Under these conditions, the team may not examine a full range of decision alternatives, or it may discount or avoid information that threatens its preconceived choice.

1. In paragraph 1, the author states that groups frequently _____.

A. generate more options than individuals

B. agree on the way that the problem should be approached

C. make recommendations instead of decisions

D. are chosen to participate because of their experience

2. According to paragraph 2, why do group decisions tend to be more successful?

A. When more people are involved, there are more ideas from which to choose.

B. People are more accepting of decisions when they have been involved in them.

C. Implementing ideas is easier with a large number of people to help.

D. people like to be participants in decisions that are successful.

3. The word Consequently in the passage is closest in meaning to _____.

A. About now B. Without doubt C. Before long D. As a result

4. According to paragraph 3, group discussion can be problematic because _____.

A. individual decisions are always more effective B. it takes more time for a group to arrive at a decision

C. it costs more to pay all of the group members D. interaction among group members can be a problem

5. What can be inferred about a group leader?

A. A good leader will provide goals for the group to consider and vote on.

B. The purpose of the leader is to facilitate the participation of all of the members.

C. A group leader should be the dominant member of the group.

D. Expectations for group behavior must be presented by the group leader.

6. The word controversial in the passage is closest in meaning to _____.

A. accepted B. debatable C. recent D. complicated

7. According to paragraph 5, how does the author explain compromise in a group?

A. The group may try to make a better decision by compromising.

B. A compromise may be the best way to encourage groupthink.

C. Compromising may allow the group members to remain friends.

D. To compromise can help one member to reach a personal goal.

8. The phrase the one in the passage refers to _____.

A. solution B. information C. hope D. leader

9. What does the term “mind guards” refer to _____?

A. People who conform to the group opinion without thinking

B. Group members who try to force others to agree with the group

C. Members of the group who are the most ethical and influential

D. Those people who disagree without offering an alternative view

10. According to paragraph 6, why are alternative solutions often rejected in groupthink?

A. Dissenters exert pressure on the group. B. Group leaders are not very creative.

C. Information is not made available. D. The group is usually right.

Đáp án câu hỏi 2:

Câu 6: Cloze test

Passage A

* Choose the best option to complete the reading text.

WATER FOR £50 A LITRE

Claridge's has taken luxury to a new (1) _____ by offering its guests more than 30 (2) _____ of water - with prices stretching to as much as £50 a litre. The opulent hotel, in the heart of London, has (3) _____ an extensive menu with water from countries as far flung as Norway, Patagonia, New Zealand and Hawaii. Customers are given advice on which water is best (4) _____ to what occasion. For those suffering from exhaustion or trying to get over jet lag, OGO spring water from Tilburg in the Netherlands contains 35 times more oxygen than (5) _____ water (6) _____ the drinker. The most expensive on the menu is 420 Volcanic, spring water from Tai Tapu in New Zealand, which can be bought for £21 for 42 cl - the equivalent of £50 per litre. Its low mineral content and "smooth sensation on the palate" comes from its journey from the (7) _____ at the bottom of an extinct volcano through 200 metres of volcanic rock. Fiuggi from Italy has (8) _____ been admired since Michelangelo wrote about its restorative effects in 1554 and it is said to be very popular with the Vatican. (9) _____ included on the list is Mahalo Deep Sea Water, from Kailua-Kona in Hawaii, which is £21 for 75cl. Originally a fresh water iceberg, the water melted thousands of years ago and sank to the bottom of the ocean floor because of its different temperature and salinity. It is now (10) _____ to the surface through a 3,000 ft pipeline. But among all the grandeur there is one option which is free of charge - a glass of "old fashioned London tap water".

By Caroline Gammell

1. A. height B. peak C. summit D. rate

2. A. varieties B. differences C. variations D. options

3. A. revised B. advised C. comprised D. devised

4. A. appropriate B. suited C. suitable D. linked

5. A. common B. typical C. ordinary D. natural

6. A. revitalizing B. revitalized C. is revitalized D. to revitalize

7. A. source B. foundation C. basis D. beginning

8. A. much B. thoroughly C. once D. long

9. A. Furthermore, B. Also C. Plus, D. Moreover

10. A. dragged B. hauled C. pulled D. pumped

Đáp án câu hỏi 1:

Passage B

* Choose the best option to complete the reading text.

“HOMEWORK AT ROOT OF MANY FAMILY ARGUMENTS”

Homework can cause friction between parents and children, especially in middle-class families where concerns about a child’s future can lead to a (1) _____ of pressure to succeed, according to a recent report. Homework can also create anxiety, boredom, fatigue and emotional exhaustion in children, who resent the encroachment on their free time, (2) _____ they think homework helps them do well at school. The resulting (3) _____ to the parent-child relationship may (4) _____ any educational advantage homework may (5) _____ , the Institute claimed. The report found that problems can (6) _____ when parents try to help with homework, especially when they feel they (7) _____ the knowledge or the time. Parents may inhibit their children’s effectiveness in doing homework by trying to control the homework environment – telling children when and where to do homework or trying to eliminate distractions – instead of helping them (8) _____ it to suit their learning styles, the body said. On the plus side, parental (9) _____ in homework has been shown (10) _____ the strongest predictor of better grades, the report said. Report author Dr Susan Hallam said: “Parents have the most positive influence when they offer moral support, make appropriate resources available and discuss general issues. They should only actually help with homework when their children specifically ask them to.”

1. A. atmosphere B. mood C. attitude D. climate
2. A. while B. even though C. supposing D. if
3. A. damage B. injury C. destruction D. hurt
4. A. exceed B. overbalance C. outweigh D. compensate for
5. A. bring B. do C. make D. grow
6. A. proceed B. derive C rise D. arise
7. A. go without B. miss C. lack D. are deprived of
8. A. amend B. adapt C. refine D. convert
9. A. involvement B. contribution C. collaboration D. connection
10. A. being B. having been C. as being D. to be

Đáp án câu hỏi 2:

___________________________________________________________________________

II. PHẦN TỰ LUẬN bao gồm:

Câu hỏi 1: OPEN CLOZE TEST: Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only ONE WORD for each space.

CLOZE TEST 1 (10 điểm)

Exercise is one of the best ways of keeping depression away. It improves your body and your mind and (1) ……………….. you to perform better in the work place and at home. Proper breathing is essential (2) ……………….. you want to get the most from exercise and you should also take into (3) ……………….. your heart rate. It can be (4) ……………….. to do too much, (5) ………………………… is why all fitness (6) ……………….. emphasize the importance of "listening to your body". When you first start, you should use good (7) ……………………… because it's easy to make the mistake of using equipment (8) ………………………. or doing too much at one time. Start slowly and build up gradually. Exercise should not be seen as a demanding task, it can be as easy as a quick walk. To increase your fitness (9) …………………, exercise for twenty minutes a day, four to six times a week and you will notice a difference (10) …………………your body and your mind in a few weeks.

Đáp án:

1. enables 2. if

3. consideration 4. harmful

5. which 6. instructors

7. judgment 8. incorrectly

9. steadily 10. in

CLOZE TEST 2 (10 điểm)

A lot of people are familiar with the story of Brace Gelert, the dog that faithfully defended the prince's baby son, but which was then killed while it was fast asleep through a terrible misunderstanding. (1) ……………….., only a few people know that the story is really a pack of lies. Let me explain.

About a hundred or so years ago, there was a hotel owner in Wales who was (2) ……………….. up with business being so bad. His hotel was stuck in the middle of nowhere and hardly (3) ……………….. came to stay. Then, one day, he had an idea. A famous prince called Llewellyn had lived in the area during the Middle Ages and had been (4) ……………….. of dogs. This is hardly surprising as hunting was extremely popular at that time. So what he did was to (5) ……………….. the story of the brave and faithful Gelert and how he had been killed by his ungrateful master.

Of course, people would be far more (6) ……………….. to believe the story if there was something they could see. Therefore, one day, the hotel keeper went to the top of a high hill and (7) ……………….. a sort of monument from the stones he found (8) ……………….around. A friend of his, who was, incidentally, an accountant, helped him to construct it. The 'legend' soon caught (9) ………………..and developed a life of its own. Afterwards, people came from far and wide to see the spot where the hound was buried. (10) ………………..to say, business became very good for the hotel owner!

Đáp án:

1. however 2. fed

3. anyone 4. fond

5. make 6. likely

7. built 8. lying

9. on 10. Needless

Câu hỏi 2: WORD FORM (20 điểm):

PART 1: Complete each sentence, using the correct form of the word in parentheses.

1. He is the most ………………………………………… person I know. (IDIOCY)

2. She found the idea deeply ………………………………………… (REPEL)

3. The two pairs of twins make a pleasant ………………………………………… during the game of golf. (FOUR)

4. The ………………………………………… woman did not utter a single word when her husband abused her. (SUBMIT)

5. Children of school age are very ………………………………………….and tend to believe what they are told. (IMPRESS)

6. New scientific theories …………………………………………. reveal the limitations of the old perspective. (OVERWHELM)

7. He was very ………………………………………… towards his father. (OBEY)

8. The meeting ended and some questions remained ………………………………………… (ASK)

9. During the day I work in a ………………………………………… agency as a telephonist. (SECRETARY)

10. Like no other planet, Mars has left ………………………………………… marks on human imagination and thought. (REPLACE)

Đáp án:

1. idiotic 2. repulsive

3. foursome 4. submissive

5. impressionable 6. overwhelmingly

7. disobedient 8. unasked

9. secretarial 10. irreplaceable

PART 2: Complete the passage with appropriate forms from the words given in the box.

In 1997 I went back to Beijing for the first time since the disastrous events of 1989. The Chinese (1)……..…. had been reluctant to re-admit foreign journalists who had witnessed the Tiananmen Square student protests. Every eight years later, it was still (2) ……..…. to get into the Square with a television camera, but we managed it. I looked for the bullet holes on the steps of the central monument, but they had all been expertly filled in; a faint discoloration perhaps, but almost (3) ……..….. The most critical moment in Chinese history after Mao Zedong's death seemed to have been entirely forgotten. My time in China had given me an(4) ……..…. interest in Chinese art, so I decided to go to Liu Li Chang, where for centuries there has been an antiquities market. Unfortunately, many things for sale there nowadays are modern (5) ……..…. empty-handed and I somewhat (6) ……..…., I went into a tea house and sat through the usual ceremony, but there were (7) ……..…. differences here too: it seemed quicker and the tea lacked that extraordinary lingering scent. Thoroughly (8) ……..…., I returned to my hotel, one of the enormous, (9) ……..…. places which have sprung up everywhere. Yet here, in a dark shop tucked away off the lobby, my melancholy mood disappeared, for I met a (10) ……..…. from 1989, who remembered me instantly. Not everything had been entirely forgotten.

Đáp án:

1. authorities 2. problematic

3. imperceptible 4. enduring

5. imitations 6. disillusioned

7. identifiable 8. disheartened / downhearted

9. faceless 10. survivor

___________________________________________________________________________

Câu hỏi 3: ( 10 điểm)

ERROR IDENTIFICATION (10 điểm)

The following passage contains 10 errors. Identify and correct them.

The word processor and calculator are without doubt here to stay, and in many respects of our lives are much richer for them. But teachers and other academics are claiming that we are now starting to feel the first significant wave of their effects on a generation for users. It seems nobody under the age of 20 can spell nor add up any more. Even several professors at leading universities have commented about the detrimental effect the digital revolution has had at the most intelligent young minds in the country. The problem, evidently, lies with the automatically spell-check now widely available on word processing software. Professor John Silver of the Sydney University, Australia, said, “Why should we bother to learn how to spell correctly or to learn even if the most basic of mathematical sums, when at the press of a button we have our problem answering for us? The implications are enormous. Will adults of the future look on the computer to make decisions for them, to tell them who to marry or what house to buy? Are we heading for a future individually incapable of independent human thought?"

Đáp án:

1. respects – aspects

2. them – us

3. generation for – generation of
4. nor – or

5. commented about – commented on
6. at – on
7. lies with – lies in

8. even if – even

9. answering – answered

10. look on – depend on

___________________________________________________________________________

Câu 4. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION (20 điểm)

A. Complete the sentences in such a way that each of the sentences means almost the same as the sentence printed before it.

1. There is not a pair of thermal socks left in the shop, madam!

🡪 We are ……………………………………………………………………………………………..

2. A house in that district will cost you at least 1 billion VN Dong.

🡪 You won’t be …………………………………………………………………………………………

3. Alan worked too hard at the office, and this led to his illness.

🡪 Alan’s illness ………………………………………………………………………………………….

4. Her success went beyond her expectation.

🡪 Never …………………………………………………………………………………………………

5. It’s nobody’s fault that the meeting was cancelled.

🡪 Nobody ………………………………………………………………………………………………

Đáp án:

1. We are completely out of thermal socks, madam!

2. You won’t be able to buy a house in that district less than / under 1 billion VN Dong.

3. Alan’s illness was the result of his working too hard at the office.

caused by his working too hard at the office.

brought on / about by his working too hard at the office.

due to his working too hard at the office.

4. Never had she expected that she was successful.

5. Nobody is blamed for the meeting’s cancellation.

___________________________________________________________________________

B. Use the word(s) given in brackets and make any necessary additions to write a new sentence in such a way that it is as similar as possible in meaning to the original sentence. Do not change the form of the given word(s).

1. His arrival was completely unexpected. (TOOK)

🡪 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. I was not surprised to hear that Harry had failed his driving test. (CAME AS)

🡪 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. It was Walter Raleigh who introduced potatoes and tobacco into England. (OWE)

🡪 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. You can’t possibly expect me to have supper ready by 8 o’clock. (NO QUESTION)

🡪 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………

5. In the end, I felt I had been right to leave the club. (REGRETS)

🡪 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Đáp án:

1. His arrival took us completely by surprise.

2. It came as no surprise to me that Harry had failed his driving test.

3. The English owe the introduction of potatoes and tobacco to Walter Raleigh

4. There is no question of super being ready by 8 o’clock.

5. I had no regrets about/ on / over leaving / having left the club in the end.

SỞ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TỈNH BÌNH PHƯỚC

TRƯỜNG:THPT CHUYÊN BÌNH LONG

KỲ THI OLYMPIC TRUYỀN THỐNG 30 - 4 - LẦN THỨ XIX

ĐỀ THI ĐỀ NGHỊ MÔN: TIẾNG ANH; KHỐI: 10

A. MULTIPLE CHOICE (40PTS)

I. WORD CHOICE (5PTS)

Choose the best alternative to fill the gap in each of the following sentences

1.When we used to take the caravan to Wales, my dad would drive and my mum used to

. Now she doesn’t need to, because we’ve got a satnav.

A. navigate B. ride C. pilot D. map

2. After our disastrous holiday we put in a ______ for compensation

A. query B. plea C. demand D. claim

3. It took me a long time to get the ______ of my new computer.

A. hang B. knack C. habit D. use

4. The men’s efforts to help only served to _________ the problem and they were finally forced to call in the emergency services.

A. extricate B. enervate C. extirpate D. exacerbate

5.This report ______ the current problems faced by commuters and suggests a number of improvements.

A. encapsulates B. encloses C. inspects D. involves

6. The company seeks to ______ staff and has a generous package of benefits.

A. possess B. retain C. own D. grasp

7. I used to be able to solve the Rubik cube very quickly but I seem to have lost the ______ .

A. hang B. knack C. habit D. use

8.The ______ workers were expecting thousands of refugees to turn up at the camps over the next few weeks.

A. social B. concern C. relief D. agency

9. I don't know how George could ever find anything as his desk was always ______.

A. messed B. cluttered C. jumbled D. cramped

10. Having planned our weekends to watch football, we found the news of the home team’s players’ strike most _________.

A. disconcerting B. refreshing C. activating D. debilitating

KEY

1. A 2. D 3. A 4. D 5. A

6. B 7. B 8. C 9. B 10. A

II. GRAMMAR AND STRUCTURES (5PTS)

Choose the best alternative to fill the gap in each of the following sentences

1.Because we hadn’t seen each other for ages, we sat ______ for hours.

A. to have talked B. to have been talking

C. talking D. to be talked

2. As soon as John ______, we can leave.

A. has the car starting B. has got the car started

C. got started the car D. was got starting the car

3.The pills are not harmful ______, but are dangerous when taken with alcohol.

A. as it all B. as such C. per se D. at that

4.“Does your uncle earn much?”

“Of course not. Otherwise, he ______ on his parents all the time.”

A. would not have had to rely B. doesn’t have to rely

C. would not have to rely D. won’t have to rely

5. A: You’re sitting on my bag, Linda.

B: ______. Sorry.

A: So, am I B. So I am C. So do I D. So I do

6. We will answer you in writing, if need ______.

A. is B. be C. was D. will be

7.________, the meeting began.

A. After we have sat down B. All of us having taken the seats

C. Our having seated D. Once we have seated

8. He managed to buy a car after all—and a nice one at ______.

A. that B. which C. it D. whom

9. They sat and talked ______ into the night.

A. deeply B. in a deep way C. deepeningly D. deep

10. For the first few months, the babies looked so alike I couldn’t tell ____.

A. who is whom B. which is which

C. which from which D. whom with whom

KEY

1. C 2. A 3. C 4. C 5. B

6. B 7. B 8. A 9. D 10. B

III.PREPOSITIONS AND PHRASAL VERBS (5PTS)

Complete each of the following sentences with a suitable preposition or particle.

1.Jane gave me the low-down ______ the other guests at the party.

A. of B. together with C. on D. to

2.The end- of- semester marks in each year all count _______ your final degree.

A. for B. towards C. in for D. as

3. He says he knows nothing about the missing documents but I’m sure he is holding ______ me.

A. up B. into C. out on D. off

4. I think that Jokovik is ______ a level with Federa.

A. at B. above C. in D. on

5. Thomas has a tendency to ______ when he has ants in his pants.

A. seal in  B. horse around  C. jerk out  D. drag up

6. She rounded ______ the tour with a concert at Carnegie Hall.

A. up B. into C. off D. along

7. After a difficult childhood, Jeannie bounced ______ when she was adopted by a caring family.

A. up B. off C. back D. over

8. He muttered a few words of apology and ______ that he left.

A. with B. in C. at D. before

9. His confessions were made ______ torture.

A. under B. of C. up of D. from

10. I was allowed to sit ______ on an executive meeting.

A. in B. about C. at D. up

KEY

1. C 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. C 6. C 7. C 8. A 9. A 10. A

IV.IDIOMS AND COLLOCATIONS. (5PTS)

Choose the best option to complete the following sentences.

1. I'd like to start the meeting and get down to ______ tacks.

A. silver B. brass C. copper D. gold

2. As the maestro lifted his baton the theater was so still you could hear ______ .

A. his heartbeat B. a pin drop C. bird wings D. the drum beating

I had to ______ the class all the answers to the test.

A. fork-feed B. knife-feed C. spoon feed D. happily feed

4. I think I understand the nuts and ______ of the operation.

A. screws B. hammer C. nails D. bolts

5. I'll be back in the twinkling of ______ .

A. an eye B. a lighting bolt C. a smile D. a laugh

6. Look, I will pay you back. Would you please call the ______?!

A. hunters off B. tigers off C. dogs off D. apes off

7.Meg had a ______ escape when she was hang-gliding yesterday.

A. slender B. close C. near D. narrow

8. I can’t tell you the exact amount, but I can give you a ______ estimate.

A. smooth B. tidy C. rough D. similar

9. Serena is still _______ ignorant of the fact that she is about to be made redundant.

A. blissfully B. jubilantly C. ecstatically D. delightedly

10.At the ______of its popularity in the late nineties, the band sold ten million albums a year.

A. height B. top C. summit D. peak

KEY

1. B 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. A 6. C 7. D 8. C 9.A 10.D

V. READING COMPREHENSION (10PTS)

1/ READING COMPREHENSION 1(5PTS)

Read the passage and choose the right answer for each question:

ANTHROPOLOGY OF RELIGION

The anthropology of religion is not the study of specific religions. Instead, the anthropology of religion involves the study of various religious practices and beliefs, and their variations throughout the world. The studies relate to the role of these practices and beliefs in the smaller-scale societies in which they are practiced. The anthropology of religion studies the different practices, not to determine their correctness, but to explain how the practices are relevant to different cultures.

Rituals are important aspects of all religions. Whether the ritual is going to church on a certain day of the week or wearing certain kinds of clothes and interacting with individuals in particular kinds of ways, rituals involve symbolism - in words, actions, or the use of objects. Usually rituals are performed in sacred locations such as temples or churches. Sometimes the performance of a ritual involves an emotional outpouring which makes the performer feel good and reinforces his or her religious practices.

The anthropology of religion also involves the study of peoples’ beliefs about supernatural forces and supernatural beings. Several categories of these beliefs include animatism, animism, ancestral spirits, gods and goddesses, and minor supernatural beings.

Many Polynesian cultures believe in animatism which is thought to be present in all objects, whether plant or animal. Animatism, which is also referred to as “mana” is thought to be present in objects in varying degrees. According to the believers, those objects possessing greater amounts of mana are more dangerous than objects possessing less. The Polynesian cultures believe that volcanoes are very dangerous because they contain much harmful mana. Also, these cultures view tribal chiefs as having high degree of dangerous mana and believe that the chiefs should be carried around all of the time so that their footprints do not leave a residue that can injure people who later step in the places where the chief has walked. The power of animatism is thought to be impersonal - without human-like qualities and traits.

Animism is another important belief of Polynesian cultures. With animism, the spirits are considered to have personalities and human-like traits. Sometimes the spirits are referred to as “he” end “she” by people who believe in animism. Spirits are reported to animate natural objects and everything in nature - whether a flower, dirt, or a rock - are thought to have their own unique, different spirit. The Native American cultures also believed in animism, but their concept of this belief was somewhat different from the Polynesians’ belief. Where the Polynesians believed everything possessed different spirits, the Native Americans believed that everything in nature had the same spirit. Both cultures believed that the spirits could be good, bad, or neutral and that the spirits could be loving, frightening, or mischievous.

They also believed that if people did things to displease the spirits then the spirits might respond to those who had displeased them in unfriendly and unpleasant ways.

Most cultures believe in the ghosts or souls of ancestors because most cultures believe there is a reparation of the body and soul upon death. The cultures which believe in ancestral spirits believe these spirits remain an integral part of the family and that, if treated well, the ancestors will bless the families in many ways - whether in business success, agricultural production, or personal relationships. Asian cultures tend to have a more favorable attitude about ancestral spirits than do the European cultures who often believe that the ghosts of ancestors can be dangerous and do frightening things such as haunting houses.

Most cultures believe in deities who have supernatural powers with separate identities. These supernatural beings are usually worshipped because they are considered so powerful. Those praying to the deities often ask the deities to help in times of crisis and need. Some of the religions are monotheistic but others are polytheistic. Polytheistic religions often rank the gods, and while the more important gods are worshipped, the less important gods are sometimes ignored.

A final category of supernatural beings includes those beings which are not gods, humans, or spirits but are those beings which have supernatural powers and the ability to trick people. Usually these beings are neither good nor bad. They move quickly and play tricks on people-without doing my harm. Children’s fairy tales often include supernatural beings such as elves, leprechauns, or rtxies who may hide something belonging to someone or steal something and then disappear. In some cultures the trickster is an animal rather than human-like. Native Americans considered the coyote, a sly animal, as a troublemaker. Certain birds, along with mice and spiders, have also been considered tricksters in certain cultures.

Whether it is the belief in deities, the practice of rituals, or the belief in other types of supernatural beings, the anthropology of religion is important to the understanding of various religions and how religions function as part of the culture of people.

1. According to the passage, which of the following is mentioned about anthropology of religion?

A. Anthropology of religion is the study of specific religions.

B. Anthropology of religion involves religions in specific locations.

C. Anthropology of religion attempts to determine the correctness of a religion.

D. Anthropology of religion studies various religious practices and beliefs.

2.According to paragraph 4, which of the following is NOT mentioned about animatism?

A. Animatism is considered to be present in all objects.

B. Some animals which have greater “mana” are worshipped more.

C. People try to avoid the footprints of tribal chiefs not to be harmed.

D. Mana has qualities that are somewhat different from human beings.

3. Based on paragraphs 4 and 5, which of the following is true about animatism and animism?

A. They are different in that animatism has human-like traits and animism does not.

B. They are different in that animatism is more related to natural objects.

C. The power of animatism is thought to be much dangerous than that of animism.

D. Animatism and animism exist only in Polynesian cultures.

4. Why does the author mention volcanoes in paragraph 4?

A. To illustrate an object which contains harmful mana

B. To point out that volcanoes erupt often and they are dangerous

C. To emphasize that every object has its own spirit

D. To contradict the fact that the author describes in the previous paragraph

5. Rituals, while are part of many persons’ lives, are important to understand in that

A. they are unimportant to religious practices and beliefs.

B. they involve no emotional aspect on the participants as they conduct the ritual.

C. they involve symbolism which conveys meaningful experiences to participants.

D. they are only important to specific religions and sects because they are sometimes thought to undermine traditional religious concepts and practices.

6. Why does the author mention “elves, leprechauns, or pixies” in paragraph 8?

A. As an example of supernatural beings with the ability to trick people

B. As one of the most interesting fairy tale characters

C. As deities that have more mana than other supernatural spirits

D. As spirits that help tribal chiefs

7. Based on the passage above, which of the following can be inferred?

A. There is close correlation between religion and culture.

B. Supernatural beings are more important than deities.

C. Various religious rituals should be integrated into one.

D. People should not ignore ancestral spirits and supernatural beings.

8. Which of the following is true about European cultures mentioned in the passage?

A. European cultures are far superior to Asian cultures.

B. European cultures have more favorable attitudes about ancestral spirits.

C. European cultures interpret ancestral spirits differently from Asian cultures.

D. Haunted houses are often referred to as the most dangerous place in European cultures.

9.The word ‘residue’ in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to________ .

A. remnant B. paean C. restock D. gorge

10.The word ‘mischievous’ in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to___________ .

A. vicious B. misanthropic C. injudicious D. prankish

KEY

1.D 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.C 6.A 7.A 8.C 9.A 10.D

2/ READING COMPREHENSION 2(5PTS)

Read the passage and choose the right answer for each question:

Many varieties of ivy exist in North America, Europe, and other parts of the world. Some types grow wild in Europe, North Africa, and Asia. Even though there are different types of ivy, the plants are woody perennial plants which have beautiful green leaves with five points. Their berries are usually black or yellow and their flowers are usually yellow and small. In Europe one type of ivy is called Irish ivy but the same plant in America is called English ivy. The ivy plants which grow as ground cover will spread horizontally and can reach heights of more than seven feet. Usually the ivy which is used as ground cover in gardens is used for that purpose because the plants grow well in the shade and can be used under trees where other plants do not grow well or where the plant’s thickness is desired to keep out weeds. The plants density is also a reason why many people use the plant to landscape slopes and hills where erosion has been, is, or might be a problem.

Some ivy plants make beautiful exterior wall coverings. The plants which are considered to be “climbers” can grow more than fifty feet and are used in landscaping situations where plant growth is desired on or near a wall. Some people find the major disadvantage of ivy used as ground cover is that once the desired effect and quantity is reached, the plant is extremely difficult to eliminate.

Regardless of the type of ivy plants, their foliage, or leaves, will always remain green, and most plants are grown because of the beautiful leaf quality. Decorators have also been using ivy to add to flower baskets so their wonderful trailing qualities can be used to allow the plants to cascade over the sides of the baskets.

Once very common as a house plant, German ivy, with its variegated or green leaves, is a trailing vine that is also found in the United States. Where English ivy is generally an outdoor plant, German ivy is an indoor or house plant even though it is not used as often today as it was many years ago. Today the ivy is generally used in hanging baskets rather than grown in pots.

Poison ivy, like other ivy plants, is a pretty plant. It is abundant in North America and is sometimes found in the shape of shrubs, vines, and ground cover. Its leaves, in clusters of three, are almond-shaped and dark green when the ivy is mature. Young ivy plants usually have lighter green leaves but both the younger and more mature varieties have stunning red leaves in the fall of the year. The edges of the poison ivy leaves do not have a saw-tooth edge but instead have a smooth-lined edge. Many people refer to the leaves as “mitten”-shaped leaves rather than almond-shaped leaves but in either situation is recognizable by its leaf shape as well as by the clustering of the leaves. Poison ivy plants also bear berries which are grey-white in color and are a source of food for birds during the winter months.

Poison ivy, in contrast to the other kinds of ivy, has leaves that are coated with a chemical mixture called urushiol. The urushiol, in turn, causes an irritating, and sometimes serious, itching 'kin rash on people. Some people are immune to poison ivy but other people’s reaction to poison ivy is considered an allergic reaction and can be very severe. The rash is not always found on the surface of the skin. Sometimes, if the poison ivy is being burned and its smoke being inhaled, the rash will appear on the linings of a person’s lungs. People should never eat poison ivy because the rash will line the stomach and may be fatal. Even dead poison ivy can have an irritating effect on people because the plant’s leaves will still be coated with urushiol.

Swedish ivy and devil’s ivy are called ivy but are not really in the ivy family. Swedish ivy is a member of the mint family even though it is a trailing vine. It, like ivy plants, has deep green leaves rut the leaves are oval rather than five-pointed. Devil’s ivy is a vigorously-growing, trailing rouse plant with bright green heart-shaped leaves which is used in hanging baskets. It can be poisonous if consumed and it too, like Swedish ivy, is not in the ivy family. Devil’s ivy is a climbing plant native to Southeast Asia and is considered a tropical plant.

1. What can we infer about ivy plants in the first paragraph?

A. Ivy plants do not grow in Australia. B. Ivy plants live for a short time.

C. All ivy plants have more than one name D. All ivy plants might cause erosion.

2. Poison ivy is usually not considered one of the useful varieties which horticulturists cultivate for

A. property line borders and shrubs.

B. use in spaces where lush vegetation growth is intended and needed for ground cover.

C. decorative use in interior design projects within the home.

D. landscape design-inspired projects which require concealers for extended coverage on wall areas.

3. Within the families of plant classification, why does the author discuss plants which are called “ivy” but are not actually in the ivy family ?

A. To explain German ivy is difficult to eradicate as a house plant

B. To explain Swedish ivy’s brilliantly colored leaves place the plant in a different category of plants

C. To explain English ivy’s designated identifying name renders its classification as a member of the ivy family incorrect

D. To explain poison ivy, because of its horizontal growth pattern, does not fit the definition of ivy to be classified as a member of that family of plants

4. How does the author describe “seasons of the year play a vital role in a plant’s characteristics” in the passage?

A. German ivy’s usefulness as an outdoor plant become.' secondary to its role as an indoor plant.

B. Poison ivy’s habitat and production of berries affect the plant's coloring because of the nutrients and chlorophyll in the fall.

C. English ivy is unable to adjust to seasonal changes and loses its leaves as a result.

D. Irish ivy is unable to sustain severe climatic and temperature variations.

5. According to the passage, why might the “non” ivy plants be called “ivy”?

A. They are used as ground covers. B. They have green leaves.

C. They are trailing plants. D. They are perennials.

6. According to the passage, which ivy is considered a tropical plant?

A. Devil’s ivy B. Irish ivy C. German ivy D. Poison ivy

7. What is the reason the author discusses urushiol?

A. To illustrate it is a type of ivy which has become popular as a decorating item

B. To illustrate its properties may cause individuals with skin sensitivity to have reactions to the ingredient

C. To illustrate that while a special substance, the scope and extent of coverage may extend to all types of ivy plants

D. To illustrate its beautiful leaf quality and mitten-shaped formation make it a popular ground cover for landscape design artists

8. What is the main idea of the passage?

A. That ivy is a horticulturist’s nightmare because of the numerous types of plants within the family classification.

B. That ivy while used for many purposes is actually better suited for interior rather than exterior use.

C. That ivy as a landscape design tool is rather ineffective.

D. That ivy is utilized for interior as well as exterior projects, displaying both desirable and undesirable characteristics.

9.The word ‘cascade over’ in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to___________ .

A. rise or hang in large amounts B. fall or hang in large amounts

C. rise or hang in small amounts D. fall or hang in small amounts

10.The word ‘variegated’ in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to________ .

A. hardy B. mirthful C. motley D. flagrant

KEY

1.A 2.C 3.C 4.B 5.C 6.A 7.B 8.D 9.B 10.C

VI. CLOZE TEST

1/ CLOZE TEST 1 (5PTS)

Read the text below and decide which answer best fits each space.

Whenever we read about the natural world nowadays, it is generally to be (1) _____ dire predictions about its imminent destruction. Some scientists go so far as to assert that from now on, the world can no longer be called” natural’, is so far as suture processes of weather, (2) _____ and all the interactions of plant and animal life will no longer carry on in their time-honored way, unaffected by man. There will never be such a thing as “natural weather” again, say such writers, only weather (3) _____ by global warming. It is hard to know whether to believe such (4) _____ of doom, possibly because what they are saying seems too terrible to be true.

There are other equally influential scientists who argue that climate, for example, has changed many times over the (5) _____, and that what we are experiencing now may simply be part of an endless cycle of change, rather than a disaster on a global (6) _____. One can help wondering whether these attempts to wish the problem away (7) _____ underline the extent to which western industrialized countries are to blame for upsetting the world’s ecology. It is not our fault; they seem to be saying, because everything is all right, really! One certain (8) _____ which is chilling in its implications, is that there is no longer anywhere on the earth’s surface, whether in the Depths of the oceans or in the polar wastes, which is not (9) _____ by polluted air or (10) _____ with empty cans and bottles. Now we are having to come to terms with understanding just what that means, and it is far from easy.

1.A. make B. granted C. given D. told

2.A. atmosphere B. even C. climate D. change

3.A. organized B. manufactured C. built D. affected

4.A. warriors B. giants C. prophets D. champions

5.A. centuries B. again C. top D. world

6.A. existence B. sense C. form D. scale

7.A. to B. simply C. or D. that

8.A. must B. fact C. and D. fault

9.A. only B. breathing C. full D. stained

10.A. recycled B. littered C. even D. bothered.

KEY

1.C 2.C 3.D 4.C 5.A 6.D 7.B 8.B 9.D 10.B

2/ CLOZE TEST 2 (5PTS)

Read the text below and decide which answer best fits each space.

A village at the foothills of the Italian alps that sees no sun for nearly three months a year is to (1) _____ its winters by using a giant mirror to reflect sunshine onto its main square.

This week, the 197 inhabitants of Viganella, which is buried in the narrow Antrona valley, north of Turin, will gather for the arrival of a tailor-made (2) _____ of steel 8 m wide and 5 m high. It will be flown by helicopter to a (7) _____ spot on the mountainside.

The mayor, Pier Franco Midali, who is spearheading the project, is (4) _____ that the hamlet will no longer have to suffer from the complete absence of direct sunlight for 83 days a year, from November 11 to February 2.

Midali first (5) _____ the ball rolling with a (6) _____ he made seven years ago, after he (7) _____ a sundial for the façade of the parish church. He told the architect who made this that if he could think of a solution to bring the sun to Viganella, he would (8) _____ it all the way.

Weighing more than a ton, and (9) _____ on the nearby Colna peak, the mirror will reflect the sun’s rays onto the village square half a mile away and light up an area of 30 square meters for at least six hours a day. The mirror’s maker has (10) _____ it will stand up to the strongest winds and will last at least 30 years.

1. A. reduce B. lift C. brighten D. enlighten

2. A. layer B. piece C. material D. sheet

3. A. intentional B. designated C. best D. positioned

4. A. convinced B. confident C. ensured D. assertaining

5.A. keep B. set C. dropped D. threw

6. A. comment B. word C. speech D. saying

7. A. placed B. paid C. commissioned D. ordered

8. A. hold B. carry C. support D. stand

9. A. held B. positioned C. lain D. dropped

10. A. thought B. insured C. hoped. D. guaranteed

KEY

1.C 2.D 3.B 4.B 5.B 6.A 7.C 8.C 9.B 10.D

B. WRITTEN TEST ( 70PTS)

I. OPEN CLOZE TEST (20PTS)

1/ OPEN CLOZE TEST 1 (10PTS)

Fill in each blank with ONE suitable word
Mayor of London says the ride-hailing service gave the city no choice but to order it to cease operations.

It’s almost (1) _______ to make Londoners panic but there were gasps of distress across the capital Friday when the mayor announced that Uber was to be banned from the city.

Since its (2) _______in 2012, Uber has completely transformed London’s transport system. Unlike major cities from New York to Mumbai, there has never been an affordable citywide network of private-hire vehicles to complement the train and bus systems. Black cabs were largely the preserve of city workers and tourists, being too expensive for weekly or even monthly use for most Londoners. The explosion of Uber, which has 3.5 million (3) _______ in London, has fundamentally changed the way people navigate the city.

Sadiq Khan, the mayor of London, said he accepted that millions of Londoners had (4) _______from Uber, but claimed that the company’s (5)______ to “play by the rules” meant there was no option but to invalidate Uber’s license.

Transport officials ruled that the ride-sharing service (6) _______ the safety and security of its passengers at risk and should be halted by the end of the month.  

“Providing an innovative service must not be at the (7) _______ of customer safety and security,” he said. “It would be wrong if [Transport for London] continued to license Uber if there is any way that this could pose a threat to Londoners' safety and security.”

Uber’s current license will (8) ________ Sept. 30, although it will be allowed to carry on operating during an appeal so it is unlikely that Ubers will disappear from London’s congested roads before mid-October at the earliest.

There is no doubt that Uber will appeal against this shock ruling. “If this decision stands, it will put more than 40,000 licensed drivers out of work and (9) _______ Londoners of a convenient and affordable form of transport,” said Tom Elvidge, Uber’s general manager. “This ban would show the world that, (10) ______ from being open, London is closed to innovative companies who bring choice to consumers.”

KEY

1. impossible 2. arrival/appearance 3. users 4.benefited 5. refusal

6. puts 7. expense 9. expire 9. deprive 10.far

2/ OPEN CLOZE TEST 2 (10PTS)

Fill in each blank with ONE suitable word

The United State attracts the most diverse array of nationalities to its English language classrooms – this heterogeneity being largely (1) ________ to immense pulling power as the world’s foremost (2) ________ and resulting extensive focus on US culture. (3) ________ , throughout the non-European world, in Asia and North and South America especially, the course books used to teach in most elementary and high school (4) ________ students to American English and the American accent from a very early age. Canada also (5) ________ from world North American exposure, but has the most homogenous groups of students most with French as their first language. Before furthering their English skills, students in Europe study from predominantly British English materials; most European students,

naturally, opt (6) ________ neighboring Britain, but many Asian, Middle-Eastern, and African students decides upon the same route too. Australia and New Zealand are often overlooked, but hundreds of thousands of international students have discovered the delights of studying in Southern Hemisphere. The majority are Asian for reasons that are not difficult to understand: the proximity of the two countries (7) _______ Asia (Jakarta, the capital of Australia’s closest Asian neighbor, Indonesia, is only 5,506 kilometers from Sydney), the comparatively inexpensive cost of living and (8) _______ , and perhaps of most importance to many Asian students whose English study is a prelude (9) ________ tertiary study, the growing awareness that courses at antipodean university and colleges are of an exceptionally high standard. In addition, revised procedures for (10) ________ students have made it possible for an increasing number to attend class to improve their English for alternative reasons.

KEY

1. due /owing 2. economy 3. Furthermore/Moreover 4. introduce 5. benefits

6. for 7. to 8. tuition 9. to 10. overseas

II. WORD FORMATION (20PTS)

1/Complete each sentence, using the correct form of the word in parentheses. (10PTS)

1.Some people prefer to rummage for .bargains than to waste their money in some posh department store. (ONE)

2.The government imposed a ______ tax on some industries. (FALL)

3.It’s possible to send damaged banknotes, unacceptable for use as payment in shops and other retail ______, to the Bank of England’s ‘Mutilated Notes Section’ (BEMS) in Leeds. (LET)

4.My uncle is a ______, whose job is to advise people on what kind of food they should eat to keep healthy. (DIET)

5.You need to take digital photos of the items from a variety of angles, write a(n) ______ description to attract potential bidders. (ENTICE)

6. At the heart of the complex stands the mausoleum itself: a massive eight-sided structure ______ with arched iwans, or half domes, of a classically Mogul design. (SET)

7.When he doesn't like anyone, he often speaks in__________________. (SYLLABLE)

8.He was one of the all-time great boxers with his quick jab and dazzling ______. (FOOT)

9.One of the cars involved in the accident was a complete__________________. (WRITE)

10.If you order these songs to be recorded on this high-quality disk, you should pay a deposit. (FUND)

KEY

1.one-off 2.windfall 3.outlets 4.dietician/ dietitian 5.enticing

6. inset 7.monosyllables 8.footwork 9.write-off 10.non-refundable

2/ Read the following text. Use one word from the box to form a word that best fits each numbered gap.

There is an example at the beginning (0).

Example: 0. architect

spellbound claim console pilgrimage

child fervor note concert

itinerary shimmer architecture

Love moves mountains, according to the proverb, but rarely does it provide work for the architect. Faith and vanity, throughout the centuries, have often been the qualities that have inspired men to build. The majestic Taj Mahal, however, is a (1)______ exception. The famous domed building is a memorial to the (2)______ love of Shah Jahan, the fifth ruler of the Mogul empire, for a cherished wife, who died in (3)______.

According to legend, the queen's last wish was that the shah build a monument so beautiful that whoever saw it could not help but sense the perfection of their love. Indeed, since its construction in the mid-17^th century, the (4)______ monument of white marble, set among tranquil gardens and pools, has attracted many tourists and (5)______. Visitors are as moved by the many legends surrounding its creation as they are (6)______ by its serene elegance…

Strangely enough, the architect of the Taj Mahal is unknown, although (7)______ to the title are legion… The Indian version of the history of the Taj Mahal credits Ustad Isa, a(n) (8)______ from Turkey or Persia, as being the designer. One legend tells that Ustad Isa himself was a(n) (9)______ widower in search of an opportunity to erect a worthy monument to his own wife. Other accounts claim variously that he was from the cities of Isfahan or Samarkand or from Russian, and that he was either a Christian, a Jew, or an Arab.

It is probable that the Taj Mahal was not the work of a single master at all but the (10)______ efforts of many artists and craftsmen from all over Asia. Begun in 1631, the mausoleum took some 20,000 workmen 22 years to build at a cost of 40 million rupees.

KEY

1.notable 2.fervent 3. childbirth 4.shimmering 5.pilgrims

6.spellbound 7.claimants 8. itinerant 9.inconsolable 10.concerted

III. ERROR CORRECTION (10PTS)

Line Error Correction

3. pleasantly pleasant

5. coalision coalition

5. lighted highlighted

7. desibels decibels

8. us ourselves

9. noisy noise

12. backage package

14. out of at

16. oral aural

17. indulgence self-indulgence

IV. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION (20PTS)

1. Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it is as similar as possible in meaning to the sentence printed before it.

1.It wasn’t until three days passed that the terms of agreement were set out in this document.

🡪Not until ……………………………………………………………………… of the agreement.

2.You can’t beat a cup of tea to wake up in the morning.

🡪There’s ……………………………………………………………………you up in the morning.

3. Tony shouldn’t believe his girlfriend because her account of accident was too implausible. (buy)

🡪Were …………………………………………………………………………………………

4. The likelihood of their having any work to offer me in the foreseeable future is nil.

🡪 It is not………………………………………………………………………………………

2. For questions 5-10, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the sentence, using the word given. Write only the missing words on the separate answer sheet.

5. Jack and I obviously think very differently from one another. (wavelength)

🡪Jack and I are …………………………………………………….. as you can see.

6. Joe didn’t think it was wrong of him to quit at such short notice. (qualms)

🡪Joe……………………………………………………………………………………………

7. Being dismissed didn’t seem to bother him. (dismissal)

🡪 ………………………………………………………………………………………stride.

8. His son bears a striking resemblance to him. (carbon)

🡪…………………………………………………………………………………………

9. The 2000s saw the rise to fame of this famous female singer. (name)

🡪…………………………………………………………………………………………

10. I hope nothing wrong will happen.

🡪…………………………………………………………………………………………pass.

KEY

1. Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it is as similar as possible in meaning to the sentence printed before it.

1. Not until three days passed did the document give details of the terms of the agreement.
2. There is nothing like cup of tea to wake you up in the morning.
3. Were I Tony, I wouldn’t buy into his girlfriend’s account of accident.
4. It is not at all likely that they will have any work to offer me in the foreseeable future.

2. For questions 5-10, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the sentence, using the word given. Write only the missing words on the separate answer sheet.

1. Jack and I are on a different wavelength as you can see.
2. Joe had no qualms about quitting such short notice.
3. He seemed to take his dismissal in his stride.
4. His son is a carbon copy of him.
5. This female singer made her name in the 2000s.
6. I hope nothing wrong will come to pass.

-THE END-

ANSWERS:

II. WORD FORM (20points)

Word form 1. Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the given words. ( 10.0 points)

1. The trouble with a back injury is that there is a great risk of _________. (OCCUR)

2. Nobody can _________his claims. (SAY)

3. Sections of the rails were sent to a laboratory for __________analysis.(METAL)

4. People were __________by the pictures the satellite sent back to Earth.( AWE)

5. The college is a _________of the child-centred approach to teaching. (STRONG)

6. ____________items are items that cannot decay or be broken down by living organisms (DEGRADE)

7. The department’s budget was badly __________. (MANAGE)

8. Housework is a _______ task.(END)

1. A new electronic link-up that will connect 500 hospitals around the world has checked into _________.(SPACE)

10. It would be __________ to sail in weather like this. (HARD)

Your answer :

KEY

1. Recurrence. 2. Gainsay 3. Metallurgical 4. Awestruck

5. Stronghold 6.Non-biodegradable 7. Mismanaged 8. Never-ending

9. Cyberspace 10. Foolhardy

Word form 2. Put the words given in the correct blanks. You have to use their correct forms to make a meaningful passage.(10.0 points)

Watching a successful theatre production is an amazing experience. The performance looks effortless and everything goes smoothly but this often (1)_______ the amount of work that was actually involved. At the Palace Theatre, the average time from the first (2)_______ to opening night is just four weeks of intensive work. Everyone involved attends the first read-through by the cast, so this is an ideal opportunity to get an (3)________ into how a production germinates.

I took myself to the theatre on a (4)________ October morning to attend the read-through of the theatre's new production - the British premiere of Sive, by the acclaimed Irish (5)________ John S Keane. It is about a young girl about to be married off for money to an old man, while her true love can only look on (6)________. It is a poignant portrayal of rural family life, rich in comedy and filled with (7)________ characters played by an Irish cast for linguistic (8)________ .

"It's important for people to have a sense of common purpose and (9)______ ," explains director Ben Barnes. "The play has been in preproduction since June but this is the first reading and it will be (10)________of how the actors work together. And it's for the theatre staff as much as the actors.

Your answer :

KEY :

11. belies 12. Rehearsal 13. Insight 14. Chilly 15. Playwright

16. Helplessly 17. memorable 18. Authenticity 19. Teamwork 20. Indicative

III. ERROR IDENTIFICATION (10.0 points)

KEY

Line Error Correction

1. to fulfilling to fulfill

2. tight tighten

5. of for

5. increasing increasingly

7. palm-produced palm-producing

9. take meet

14. world palm world’s palm

16. that what

17. politics politicians

19. undermininingly undermining

IV. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION

Rewrite the following sentences using the words given.

1. Having bad table manners is the most annoying thing.

There is………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. It wasn’t Tom that you saw in the department store, for sure.

It couldn’t ………………………………………………………………………………………….

3. On receipt of your cheque, we shall send the goods to you.

As ………………………………………………………………………………………………….

4. Advances in science should soon yield a cure for cancer. BRINK

Scientists are thought …………….…………………………finding a cure for cancer.

5. Russ’s opinions on the new management policies were very different from those of his fellow workers. ODDS

Russ …………………………………………………………….… the new management policies.

6. “I don’t think we will survive David.” I said, but of course we did. TALE

I told David I thought we ……………………………………………….…., but of course we did.

7. No one nowadays believes in witches, do they ? AGE

No one …………………………………………………………….. believes in witches, do they?

8. The sound of a young children attempting to play the violin never fails to irritate me. EDGE

The sound of a young children attempting to play the violin really ……………………………

9. It’s pretty certain that we’ll win a gold medal this year in the 100 metres. FORGONE

It’s …………………………………………….for the taking in the 100 metres this year.

10. I think they’re largely responsible for what’s happened. SMALL

I hold them …………………………………………………..responsible for what’s happened.

KEY

1. There is nothing more annoying than people with bad table manners

2. It couldn’t have been Tom that you saw in the department store, for sure.

3. As soon as we receive your cheque, we shall send the goods to you.

4. Scientists are thought to be on the brink of finding a cure for cancer.

5. Russ was at odds with his fellow workers over/ concerning the new management policies.

6. I told David I thought we wouldn’t live to tell (the) tale, but of course we did.

7. No one in this day and age believes in witches, do they?

8. The sound of a young children attempting to play the violin really sets my teeth on edge.

9. It’s a forgone conclusion that the gold medal is ours for the taking in the 100 metres this year

10. I hold them in no small way responsible for what’s happened.

THE END OF THE TEST

SỞ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO BÌNH THUẬN

TRƯỜNG THPT CHUYÊN TRẦN HƯNG ĐẠO

KỲ THI OLYMPIC TRUYỀN THỐNG 30-4 LẦN THỨ XXIV

ĐỀ THI ĐỀ NGHỊ MÔN: TIẾNG ANH ; KHỐI 10

NĂM HỌC: 2017-2018

Số phách

A. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (40 points)

I. 1-10 WORD CHOICE

Choose the word or phrase that best completes each sentences

1. These days the castle is swamped with ________ of tourists.
   A. hordes B. cliques C. mobs D. assemblies
2. By being rude to his superiors he is considered to have __________ the mark.

A. transcended B. outrun C. surpassed D. overstepped

1. I have been back to the doctor three times and he still hasn't ____________ the reason for all the pain I have been suffering from recently.
   A. indicated B. highlighted C. pinpointed D. looked up
2. If you continue to ____________ debts at this rate, you will have to declare bankruptcy eventually.
   A. save B. raise C. incur D. default
3. He ___________ a yawn as the actor began yet another long speech

A. squashed B. suffocated C. submerged D. stifled

1. I have tried every product on the market and still I can't rid these curtains of the ___________ of cigarette smoke.
   A. fumes B. fragrance C. stench D. aroma
2. Granddad would spend hours talking to us youngsters around the dinner table ___________ about his happy younger days back east on the farm.
   A. recalling B. reminiscing C. reminding D. memorising
3. The winning team were roundly criticised by the local media for the way in which they had ___________ over the losing team. It was considered very unsporting.
   A. gloated B. relished C. showed up D. dominated
4. I retired three years ago and didn't know what to do with myself. Getting this dog has given me a new ___________ of life.
   A. burst B. loan C. lease D. extension
5. As soon as the bomb was discovered by one of the cleaning staff, the police had the area ___________ off and no-one was allowed within two blocks of the cafe.
   A. fenced B. cordoned C. walled D. isolated

KEY

1. A 2.D 3.C 4.C 5.D 6.C 7.B 8.A 9.C 10.B

II. 11-20 GRAMMAR AND STRUCTURES

Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.

11. To be honest, Harry has _________ than you have.

A. been more helpful considerably B. been considerably more helpful

C. been more considerably helpful D. considerably been more helpful

12. There are ________ words in English having more than one meaning. Pay close attention to this fact.

A. a large many B. quite many

C. quite a lot D. a great many

13. The doctor insisted that his patient ________.

A. he did not work too hard for three months

B. take it easy for three months

C. take it easy inside of three months

D. could take some vacations for three months

14. On being told about her sack, ­_________ .

A. her boss felt sorry for Mary B. Mary was shocked

C. Mary’s face turned pale D. all are correct

15. In no way _________ that people will be prevented from organising peaceful protests.

A. this law means B. means this law

C. does this law mean D. this law does mean

16. You can’t just demand _________, you have to earn it.

A. a respect B. any respect

C. the respect D. respect

17. ‘Which of these two men is Japanese?’ ‘_________ is.’

A. Both of them B. All of them

C. Neither of them D. None of them

18. I have never seen _________ before.

A. such good film B. so good film

C. so good a film D. such good a film

19. Since they aren’t answering the phone, they _________ .

A. need have left B. can’t have left

C. must have left D. should have left

20. _________ to his brother’s graduation party, George wouldn’t have met Mary.

A. Had he not gone B. Hadn’t he gone

C. If he has not gone D. If he shouldn’t have gone

KEY

11. B 12.D 13.B 14.B 15.C 16.D 17.D 18.C 19.C 20.A

III. 21-30 PREPOSITIONS - PHRASAL VERBS

Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.

21. The service was slow and the bill was incorrect. I put it ______ _______ poor management.

A. down for B. in by C. in for D. down to

22. If you were giving a talk, would you want your colleagues in the audience rooting ______ you?

A. on B. up C. for D. out

23. A couple of boys were _____________ in the pool.

A. impinging on B. larking about C. ploughing ahead D. floating out

24. We were ____________ the task of writing a report of the college´s games.

A. assigned to B. taken over C. run up D. saddled with

25. He didn´t use his position on the council to lord it ________ people.

A. over B. upon C. for D. on

26. Anti-terrorist squad officers ­­­­_________ the area to search for possible bombs.

A. sealed off B. set off C. come through D. split up

27. Two men who had _________ in the container were arrested when the police opened it.

A. stowed away B. seen to C. broken off D. sat around

28. As we were in an urgent need of syringes and other medical equipment, the aid organization promised to deliver them the double.

A. with B. in C. at D. round

29. The secretary dashed ___________ the weekly report to his director

A. up B. off C. of D. for

30. I __________ an important deal yesterday and she was so thrilled!

A. came across B. mucked up C. shot down D. gunned for

KEY

IV. 31-40 COLLOCATIONS AND IDIOMS

Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.

31. There’s been a slight improvement in his heallth, but he’s not out of the _______ yet.

A. bush B. wood C. hand D. reach

32. He’s unreliable at the best of times, but forgetting my birthday was the last _______.

A. drop B. breath C. straw D. despair

33. The government has been forced into a ________ after the revelation of a cover-up.

A. climbdown B. getaway C. outbreak D. breakout

34. The workforce has been pared to the _______.

A. quick B. fruit C. ball D. bone

35. I don’t know if Ash would be right for the job; he’s a bit of an unknown ________.

A. quality B. qualification C. quantity D. identity

36. She now says she didn’t really want the job that she failed to get, but I think it’s just ________.

A. a cup of tea B. an act C. full of beans D. sour grapes

37. Be realistic! You can’t go through life looking at the world through _______.

A. rosed-coloured spectacles B. bright sights

C. magnificent spectacles D. green fingers

38. Those were the ethnic ___________ we put people in then.

A. dogholes B. pigeonholes C. boltholes D. foxholes

39. I slept badly last night and am feeling particularly ___________ this morning.

A. slow-witted B. far-reaching C. off-hand D. top-heavy

40. Searching for one man in this city is like looking for a _________.

A. salt of the earth B. sand in the desert

C. needle in a haystack D. drop in the ocean

KEY

V. 41-60 READING COMPREHENSION

41-50 READING 1

Read the following passage and choose the best option for each questions below.

The Atlantic Cod Fishery

Off the northeastern shore of North America, from the island of Newfoundland in Canada south to New England in the United States, there is a series of shallow areas called banks. Several large banks off Newfoundland are together called Grand Banks, huge shoals on the edge of the North American continental shelf, where the warm waters of the Gulf Stream meet the cold waters of the Labrador Current. As the currents brush each other, they stir up minerals from the ocean floor, providing nutrients for plankton and tiny shrimp-like creatures called krill, which feed on the plankton. Herring and other small fish rise to the surface to eat the krill. Groundfish, such as the Atlantic cod, live in the ocean’s bottom layer, congregating in the shallow waters where they prey on krill and small fish. This rich environment has produced cod by the millions and once had a greater density of cod than anywhere else on Earth.

Beginning in the eleventh century, boats from the ports of northwestern Europe arrived to fish the Grand Banks. For the next eight centuries, the entire Newfoundland economy was based on Europeans arriving, catching fish for a few months in the summer, and then taking fish back to European markets. Cod laid out to dry on wooden “flakes” was a common sight in the fishing villages dotting the coast. Settlers in the region used to think the only sea creature worth talking about was cod, and in the local speech the word “fish” became synonymous with cod. Newfoundland’s national dish was a pudding whose main ingredient was cod.

By the nineteenth century, the Newfoundland fishery was largely controlled by merchants based in the capital at St.John’s. They marketed the catch supplied by the fishers working out of more than 600 villages around the long coastline. In return, the merchants provided fishing equipment, clothing, and all the food that could not be grown in the island’s thin, rocky soil. This system kept the fishers in a continuous state of debt and dependence on the merchants.

Until the twentieth century, fishers believed in the cod’s ability to replenish itself and thought that overfishing was impossible. However, Newfoundland’s cod fishery began to show signs of trouble during the 1930s, when cod failed to support the fishers and thousands were unemployed. The slump lasted for the next few decades. Then, when an international agreement in 1977 established the 200-mile offshore fishing limit, the Canadian government decided to build up the modern Grand Banks fleet and make fishing a viable economic base for Newfoundland again. All of Newfoundland’s seafood companies were merged into one conglomerate. By the 1980s, the conglomerate was prospering, and cod were commanding excellent prices in the market. Consequently, there was a significant increase in the number of fishers and fish-processing plant workers.

However, while the offshore fishery was prospering, the inshore fishermen found their catches dropping off. In 1922 the Canadian government responded by closing the Grand Banks to groundfishing. Newfoundland’s cod fishing and processing industries were shut down in a bid to let the vanishing stocks recover. The moratorium was extended in 1994, when all of the Atlantic cod fisheries in Canada were closed, except for one in Nova Scotia, and strict quotas were placed on other species of groundfish. Canada’s cod fishing industry collapsed, and around 40,000 fishers and other industry workers were put out of work.

Atlantic cod stocks had once been so plentiful that early explorers joked about walking on the backs of teeming fish. By 2008, cod stocks were still a historically low levels and showed no signs of imminent recovery, even after drastic conservation measures and severely limited fishing. Some fishermen blamed the disminished stocks on seals, which prey on cod and other species, but scientists believe that decades of overfishing are to blame. There have been occasional signs of hope. For example, studies on fish populations show that cod disappeared from Newfoundland at the same time that stocks started rebuilding in Norway, raising the possibility that the cod had simply migrated to a different region. Still, in the early twenty-first century, it remains uncertain whether or when the cod will return to Grand Banks or the moratorium will end.

41. The word shoals in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to

1. shallow
2. currents
3. mountains
4. islands

42. What physical process occurs in the region of the Grand Banks?

1. Underwater hot springs heat the water.
2. Warm and cold currents come together.
3. Nutrient-rich water flows in from rivers.
4. Tides transport plankton and small fish

43. Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in paragraph 1? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

1. Millions of cod come to the Grand Banks every year to feed on the abundant supplies of herring and other small fish.
2. The Grand Banks used to have the world’s largest concentration of cod because of favorable natural conditions.
3. The Grand Banks is the only place on Earth where cod are known to come together in extremely large groups.
4. The environmental resources of the Grand Banks have made many people wealthy from cod fishing.

44. The squares {◼} indicate A, B, C, D, respectively in paragraph 5. Where could the following sentence could be added to the paragraph ?

They suspected this was because the offshore draggers were taking so many cod that the fish did not have a chance to migrate inshore to reproduce.

However, while the offshore fishery was prospering, the inshore fishermen found their catches dropping off. ◼ In 1922 the Canadian government responded by closing the Grand Banks to groundfishing. ◼ Newfoundland’s cod fishing and processing industries were shut down in a bid to let the vanishing stocks recover. ◼ The moratorium was extended in 1994, when all of the Atlantic cod fisheries in Canada were closed, except for one in Nova Scotia, and strict quotas were placed on other species of groundfish. ◼ Canada’s cod fishing industry collapsed, and around 40,000 fishers and other industry workers were put out of work.

45. Why does the author mention Newfoundland’s national dish in paragraph 2?

1. To encourage the development of tourism in Newfoundland
2. To describe the daily life of people in Newfoundland
3. To stress the economic and cultural significance of cod
4. To show that Newfoundland used to be a separate country

46. All of the following statements characterized Newfoundland’s cod fishery in the past EXCEPT:

1. Fishers were dependent on merchants in the capital.
2. Cod were the foundation of the island’s economy.
3. Fishers competed with farmers for natural resources.
4. Cod were placed on wooden “flakes” for drying.

47. The word replenish in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to

1. defend
2. repair
3. reproduce
4. improve

48. What event first signaled the overfishing of the Atlantic cod?

1. The failure of cod to support thousands of fishers in the 1930s
2. The merging of seafood companies into one huge conglomerate
3. An increase in the number of fishers and fish-processing plants
4. The government moratorium on cod fishing during the 1990s

49. Why did the Canadian government decide to build up the Grand Banks fishing fleet?

1. The 200-mile limit was seen as an economic opportunity.
2. There had not been enough boats to handle all the fish.
3. The shipbuilding sector of the economy was in a slump.
4. Canada faced stiff competition from other fishing nations.

50. It can be inferred from paragraph 6 that the author most likely believes which of the following about the future of the Atlantic cod fishery?

1. The fishery will improve if the government lifts the fishing ban.
2. It may be a long time before cod stocks recover from overfishing.
3. The center of the Atlantic cod fishery will shift to Norway.
4. The cod will return to the Grand Banks if seal hunting is allowed.

51-60 READING 2

Read the following passage and choose the best answers.

Monarch Migration

The Monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus), which inhabits regions from the northern area of South America through The United States to southern Canada in North America, is a well-known garden butterfly. It is easily spotted because of its bright orange and black coloring and large size; its popular name means “king,” in fact. Adult Monarch butterflies lay eggs on the milkweed plant, which provides food for the newly hatched caterpillars when they emerge.

The Monarch is perhaps best known for its unusual life cycle and dramatic migration habits. Not only do Monarchs go through the four stages of life typical for a butterfly – the egg; the larva, or caterpillar; the pupa, or chrysalis; and the adult butterfly – but the also go through four generations in one year.

The first generation of Monarchs hatches from eggs in March and April. The caterpillars eat the milkweek plant and do little else; in about two weeks , the caterpillars are ready to create a chrysalis. Once inside the chrysalis, the former caterpillar transforms into the adult butterfly, a process that takes about ten days. After the adult buterflies have emerged from the chrysalis, they lay eggs for the next generation. An adult Monarch butterfly lives for only two to six weeks.

In May and June, the second generation of Monarchs is born, and the third comes in July and August. In September and October, though, comes the most interesting generation, the fourth. While the first three parts of the life cycle are the same as those of the other three generations, the fourth generation of Monarchs does not die in two to six weeks but instead enters a non-productive phase as diapause, during which they do not lay eggs, and during this phase, the Monarchs make an incredible migration.

Great clouds of fourth-generation Monarchs migrate from the cold regions in the north and east to warmer regions in the south and west. Although they are not the only butterflies to do so, migration is more commonly associated with birds. In fact, most other adult butterflies in North America die in the winter, leaving their chrysalises to winter over. This fourth generation of Monarchs, though, lives not for a few weeks but for six to eight months, long enough to lay the eggs for the new first generation.

Monarchs actually have two reasons for migrating: one is because they could not survive the cold winter temperatures, and the second is because milkweed plants also die in winter. While Monarchs are the only butterfly to migrate both south in the fall and back north in the spring, the generation that moves north is not the same one that flew south, but rather the first generation of the next year. No one is sure how the new generation of Monarchs knows the way back north – current theories include the notion that flight patterns are inherited from previous generations, and also that the insects are guided by the sun or by magnetic fields from the Earth’s surface – but they do, and the next cycle of four generations begins again.

The migration path of the Monarchs can stretch for 2,500 miles (4,023 kilometers). Monarchs in the United States that live to the west of Rocky Mountains migrate to southern California, while those that live to the east winter in Mexico. Interestingly, the Monarchs settle in the same trees in their winter spots every year – even though it is different butterflies that make the trip each year. How this happens is not yet fully understood. However, a major threat to Monarch butterflies is the removal of these perennial nesting trees for reads, housing, and the other development projects.

In warmer areas of the world, such as Bermuda, Monarchs live year round and do not migrate; in Australia, Monarchs living in cooler areas migrate and others, in warmer regions, don’t.

51. The word spotted in paragraph 1 could best be replaced by

1. noticed
2. removed
3. marked
4. understood

52. The word which in paragraph 1 refers to

1. eggs
2. the milkweed plant
3. adult butterflies
4. caterpillars

53. What is implied about butterflies other than the Monarch in paragraph 2?

1. They do not go through four stages of life.
2. They have interesting migration habits
3. They are not as well-known as the Monarch.
4. They do not go through four generations in a year.

54. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in paragraph 4?

1. Monarchs from the fourth generation die more quickly than ones from the first three generations.
2. The fourth generation of Monarchs is special because they do not lay eggs, a phenomenon known as diapause.
3. Fourth-generation Monarchs are unusual because they live long enough to migrate.
4. If the generations of Monarchs could migrate, then they would not die so quickly.

55. Why does the author use the phrase “great clouds” in paragraph 5?

1. To indicate that Monarchs prefer to travel in cool weather
2. To show that Monarchs travel in large groups
3. To explain that Monarchs travel together with birds
4. To show that Monarchs travel first in one direction, and then in another

56. The word so in paragraph 5 refers to

1. associate with birds
2. migrate
3. die in the winter
4. leave their chrysalises to winter over

57. The squares {◼} indicate A, B, C, D, respectively in paragraph 6. Where could the following sentence could be added to the paragraph ?

If the fourth generation Monarchs behaved as the first three did, then when their eggs hatched, the emerging caterpillars would have nothing to eat.

◼ Monarchs actually have two reasons for migrating: one is because they could not survive the cold winter temperatures, and the second is because milkweed plants also die in winter. ◼ While Monarchs are the only butterfly to migrate both south in the fall and back north in the spring, the generation that moves north is not the same one that flew south, but rather the first generation of the next year. ◼ No one is sure how the new generation of Monarchs knows the way back north – current theories include the notion that flight patterns are inherited from previous generations, and also that the insects are guided by the sun or by magnetic fields from the Earth’s surface – but they do, and the next cycle of four generations begins again. ◼

58. According to paragraph 6, what is true about how Monarchs migrate north?

1. The flight path is taught from one generation to the next.
2. No one has directly observed the northern migration.
3. The butterflies that migrate north have never made the trip brfore.
4. The route is different from the southern migration path.

59. According to paragraph 7, what is a danger for Monarchs?

1. Their short lifespan
2. A lack of food
3. Loss of habitat
4. Climate change

60. The word perennial in paragraph 7 is closest in meaning to

1. safe for insects
2. not well understood
3. typical of warm climates
4. used again and again

KEY

VI. 61-80 GUIDED CLOZE TESTS

Read the following passages and choose the option that best fits each blank.

PASSAGE 1

Hyping, or to (61)__________ it more politely, marketing movies can double their budget. And in the end, does it really play the trick? Those without the major studios’ huge spending (62)__________ are not convinced. ‘There will always be an audience that follows the big campaigns,’ says Andrea Klein, of the British Film Institute, ‘but there is another which doesn’t (63)__________ to four-page colour ads.’ For this audience, reviews are all-important. Publicist Jonathan Rutter concurs: ‘Most of our films can be killed (64)__________ dead by bad reviews,’ he says. Although he is not (65)__________ to the odd gimmick, he warns against too much hype: ‘I get put off films which are over-marketed,’ he says. ‘People don’t like to be (66) ­­­­_________, they prefer to make up their own minds.’ For hollywood blockbusters, (67)__________ people to make up their own mind is not a viable marketing strategy. Films on this scale are caught up in a (68)__________ circle. To (69)__________ inflated production costs a mass audience must be found, and to find that audience take a (70) _________ publicity budget.

61. A. take B. put C. turn D. set

62. A. force B. strength C. weight D. power

63. A. rise B. trigger C. respond D. stir

64. A. stone B. flat C. point D. cold

65. A. reluctant B. counter C. averse D. obstinate

66. A. deluged B. spawned C. self-confessed D. spoon-fed

67. A. leaving B. availing C. consenting D. giving

68. A. relentless B. vicious C. brutal D. merciless

69. A. restore B. refund C. recover D. reimburse

70. A. giant B. redundant C. equitable D. costly

KEY

PASSAGE 2

It only requires the completion of the reconstruction of the human genetic map for a whole host of hereditary diseases to be (71) ______. Originally, it was forecast that the venture would take until the beginning of the 21^st century to be accomplished. At present, it is clear that the task can be finished much earlier. Hundreds of scholars have gone to (72) ______ to help (73) ______ the mystery of the human genetic structure with an ardent hope for liberating mankind from disorders such as cancer, cystic fibrosis or arthritis.

The progress in this incredible undertaking is (74) ______ by an accurate interpretation of the information (75) ______ in the chromosomes forming the trillions of the cells in the human body. Locating and characterizing every single gene may (76) ______ an implausible assignment, but very considerable (77) _______ has already been made. What we know by now is that the hereditary code is assembled in DNA, some parts of which may be diseased and (78) ______ to the uncontrollable transmission of the damaged code from parent to their children.

Whereas work at the completion of the human genome may last for a few years more, notions like gene therapy or genetic engineering don’t evoke much surprise any longer. Their potential application has already been examined in the effective struggle against many viruses or in the genetic treatment of blood disorders. The hopes are, then, that hundreds of maladies that humanity is (79) ______ with at present might eventually cause to exist in the not too (80) ______ future.

71. A. terminated B. interfered C. eradicated D. disrupted

72. A. maximum B. utmost C. supreme D. extremes

73. A. dissolve B. interrogate C. respond D. unravel

74. A. dependent B. reliant C. qualified D. conditioned

75. A. associated B. contained C. involved D. derived

76. A. sound B. hear C. voice D. perceive

77. A. headline B. heading C. headway D. headship

78. A. amiable B. conceivable C. evocative D. conducive

79. A. aggravated B. teased C. persecuted D. plagued

80. A. far-away B. outlying C. distant D. imminent

KEY

B. WRITTEN QUESTIONS (70 points)

I. 1-20 OPEN CLOZE TESTS

Fill in each blank in the following passages with ONE suitable word to make meaningful passages.

PASSAGE 1

It is sometimes suggested that tornadoes never strike big cities. In an attempt to (1) _______ this theory. Some say that the higher temperatures at the centre of large urban areas, together with the air turbulence created by very tall building, somehow (2) _______ to disrupt tornadoes, or even keep them away entirely. (3) _______ is made of the apparent lack of recorded cases of severe damage to major cities.

The (4) _______, however, is rather different. While it is true that smaller tornadoes do indeed seem to be less common in the middle of cities (5) _______ by millions of people, claims by their citizens that they are in some way immune to the effects of major tornadoes would seem to be no more than wishful (6) _______.

For a start, a couple of degrees difference in (7) _______, or a handful of 200-metre office blocks, are hardly likely to impede the (8) _______ of the kinds of 12-kilometre-high monsters seen in recent years.

Equally unconvincing is the argument that ‘big cities are never hit’. Most people , when they think of a city, tend to imagine (9) _______ like downtown New York or Tokyo, when in reality this is a very small ‘target’ area. Unfortunately, there are plenty of well-documented cases of severe destruction to suburbs, which form by far the most extensive part of any big town. It is only by (10) _______ that a dense populated city centre has not yet been hit – but sooner or later it is bound to happen.

KEY

PASSAGE 2

Volcanic eruption has been a constant threat to our natural environment for millions of years, but seldom in recent times _______ a volcano erupted with the felocity of Krakatoa.

Krakatoa, _______ is a volcanic island group in Indonesia, erupted on 27^th August 1883. _______only was the explosion _______ loud that was heard as far away (more than 3,000km) as Perth in Australia, but it is also recognised as _______ the loudest sound _______ recorded.

Tens of thousands of people in the region were killed, many _______ in the enormous tsunamis which the eruption produced – tsunamis which eventually reached South Africa and the English Channel.

The explosion also had a major effect on the _______ world’s weather system. The volcanic dust in the atmosphere reduced the _______ of sunlight reaching the earth’s surface, reducing global temperatures by more than one degree centigrade. Only after five years had passed _______ global temperatures begin to return to normal.

KEY

II. 21-40 WORD FORMATION

21-30 Give the correct form of the word in brackets to complete each following sentence.

21. Though many parties regard his behaviors as a(n) ____________, the public still had much faith in his ability to become a leader. ERR

22. Matilda found it hard to overcome the powerful sense of ____________she felt on waking for the first time in the new house. ORIENTATE

23. You should avoid those journalists. They are just ____________only distressing and prying into your private life. CHIEF

24. Our local newspaper is often full of stories that are hardly ____________, but they need to fill the pages somehow. NEWS

25. The rocks appear to be stationary but in the high winds that whip across this desert landscape, they are in reality moving ____________. PERCEIVE

26. I was a bit ____________by my performance in the first exam, but I decided to make an extra effort in the ones left. MORAL

27. His performance in the match today ____________his reputation as a great player. LIE

28. Many countries have agreed on the ____________ treaty. ARM

29. The main reason I believe children shouldn’t be exposed to violence on TV is that they are so ____________at that age. IMPRESS

30. The positive relationship between a business and a customer, often referred to as ‘___________’, is difficult to quantify financially. GOOD

KEY

Give the correct form of the word in brackets to complete the following passage.

A day out to Rosslyn Chapel

lf you have a spare afternoon why not take the kids to visit the remarkable Rosslyn Chapel?

This must surely be one of Britain's most (31-ORDINARY) ____________ buildings. lf you were shown pictures of it without any clues to its (32- LOCATE) ____________, you might guess it to be somewhere like Moldavia or Transylvania. ln fact, it is just outside Edinburgh. The chapel and the (33- NEIGHBOUR) ____________village of Rosslyn are both quite stunning; in fact, the whole area is generally very (34- PICTURE). Nearly the entire surface of the chapel's stonework is carved with flowers or stars and another (35- IDIOSYNCRACY) ____________ feature of the chapel is that although most of the design of the chapel is Gothic, the aisles are similar to architecture found in Babylon or Egypt. The chapel's 15th-century builder, St Clair Prince of Orkney, believed that he was (36- ESSENTIAL) ____________ buying his way into heaven by creating such an exquisite chapel. He was famous for his (37- PERFECT) ____________but this in itself created problems. Because everything had to be exactly as he dreamed it should be it was (38- REAL) ____________of him to expect the work to be finished in his lifetime. The chapel is now considered to be a local treasure and a (39-CHARITY) ____________ trust was set up in 1996 to oversee and fund its (40- GO) ____________restoration.

KEY

III. 41-50 ERROR CORRECTION

Identify 10 errors in the following passage and correct them.

41. ______________--> ______________ 42. _____________--> ______________

43. ______________--> ______________ 44.______________--> ______________

45. ______________--> ______________ 46.______________--> ______________

47. ______________--> ______________ 48.______________--> ______________

49. ______________--> ______________ 50.______________--> ______________

KEY

IV. 51-60 SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION

I. Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it is as similar as possible in meaning to the sentence printed before it.

51. Maria shouldn’t have many problems with the administrative side of the job.

🡪 It’s unlikely ________________________________________________________.

52. In a nutshell, Joseph’s not up to the job.

🡪 The long __________________________________________________________.

53. Standing as tall as he could, he passionately denied any involvement in the affair.

🡪 Drawing __________________________________________________________.

54. We would be extremely grateful if you could reply as soon as possible.

🡪 A prompt __________________________________________________________.

KEY

51. that Maria will have many problems with the administrative side of the job

52. and the short of it is that Joseph’s not up to the job

53. himself up to his full height, he passionately denied any involvement in the affair

54. reply would be greatly/ much appreciated

II. For each of the sentences below, write a sentence as similare as possible in meaning to the original sentence, but using the word given. This word must not be altered in any way.

55. This kitchen table is also the desk where I work. DOUBLES

🡪 ___________________________________________________________.

56. You can’t just suddenly decide to go on a safari. You need to plan things very carefully. SPUR
🡪 ___________________________________________________________.

57. She still hasn’t really recovered from losing her job in August. BEING
🡪 _____________________________________________________________.

58. Nobody really expected Glen to do so well in his Biology exams. TAKEN
🡪 ___________________________________________________________.

59. You can’t expect everything to run on an even keel all the time. SMOOTH

🡪 ___________________________________________________________.

60. The public were up in arms over the proposed change to privacy law. OUTCRY

🡪 ___________________________________________________________.

KEY

55. This kitchen table doubles as the desk where I work.

56. Going on safari isn’t a decision you can make on the spur of the moment. You need to plan things very carefully.

57. She still really hasn’t got over being made redundant in August.

58. Everyone was taken aback that Glen did so well in his Biology exams.

59. You have to learn to take the rough with the smooth.

OR You can’t expect to have a smooth run all the time.

60. There was a public outcry over the proposed change to privacy laws.

END OF THE TEST

A. MULTIPLE CHOICE (40 pts)

I. WORD CHOICE (10 pts)

Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.

1. The sky darkened and there was a distant ____________ of thunder.

A. clap B. clang C. groan D. flash

1. Vietnam ____________ war against French colonial empire has gone down in history as one of the most epic, destroying the harrowing shackles of tyranny after nearly a century.

A. emancipation B. remission C. liberation D. salvation

1. Everyone was shocked to hear that a politician of his ____________ would stoop so low.

A. credence B. stature C. guile D. affinity

1. A new treatment ______________, it became less prohibitive and more effective to deal with patients infected with tuberculosis.

A. tainted B. assorted C. repudiated D. effected

1. On 6th August 1945, an atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, killing thousands of citizens and almost ____________ the city.

A. overruling B. annulling C. eradicating D. annihilating

1. His smirk suggested some vicious _____________, which terrified everyone at the meeting.

A. subtleties B. allusions C. insinuations D. inertia

1. She was ____________ with guilt when she realized that the accident had been her fault.

A. consumed B. ravaged C. devoured D. dazzled

1. That my brother ______________ boasts about his achievements is absolutely annoying!

A. inexorably B. incessantly C. intricately D. intrepidly

9. She lifted it over the fence and set off across the little meadow, _____________ speed and thoroughly enjoying it.

A. gathering B. collecting C. consuming D. firing

1. One of Kim’s secretarial works include taking the _____________ of the meeting.

A. gist B. crux C. minutes D. fundamentals

ANSWER KEYS:

II. GRAMMAR AND STRUCTURES (10 pts)

Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.

1. Everything looks very positive for the company, _____ the current investors do not default on their agreements.

A. assuming that B. whether C. whereas D. as if

2. Probably no man had more effect on the daily lives of most people in the United States _____.

A. as Henry Ford, a pioneer in automobile production.

B. rather than Henry Ford, a pioneer in automobile production.

C. than did Henry Ford, a pioneer in automobile production.

D. more than Henry Ford, a pioneer in automobile production.

3. ………………………..the invention of the steam engine, most forms of transport were horse-drawn.

A. With reference B. Akin C. Prior to D. In addition to

4. Suppose she _________ that outrageous story circulating around the office; she’d be furious!”

A. has heard B. were heard C. would hear D. had heard

5. I’d rather you __________ a noise last night; I couldn’t get to sleep.

A. wouldn’t make B. didn’t make C. haven’t made D. hadn’t made

6. A new generation of performers, ____________ those who by now had become household name, honed their skills before following the same path onto television.

A. no less talented than B. together with talented with

C. along with talented with D. having been more talented than

7. We all wished to be treated ___________.

A. as equal B. as equally C. as equals D. as equal as

8. _____________ the US superiority at that time, it was probable that any threatened US response would have deterred the Soviet Union.

A. If B. Given C. Although D. Since

9. Business has been thriving in the past year. Long __________ it continue to do so.

A. could B. does C. may D. might

10. The man ___________ of carrying out the burglary was released __________ by police.

A. to be suspected - following questioning B. having been suspected - following questioned

C. suspected - following questioning D. being suspected - following questioned

ANSWER KEYS:

III. PHRASAL VERB AND PREPOSITIONS (10 pts)

1. The love of life shone______the author’s book, giving me as much inspiration as I could ever ask for.

A. through B. over C. into D. upon
2. You shouldn’t take ________ more than you can handle, otherwise you’ll suffer from stress.

A. on B. over C. out D. away

3. He’s so stubborn and stupid. I just couldn’t get ________ him that she can never make money from gambling.

A. over B. out of C. across to D. out of

4. The success of our project hinges _________ Mike’s ability persuade the locals to move to the renewal quarter.

A. in B. on C. about D. over

5. The government’s plans to reduce crime came _________ for a lot of criticism from freedom groups.

A. across B. around C.in D. with

6. Before they open the new factory, a lot of the young people round here were __________ the dole.

A. on B. in C. over D. above

7. The two countries met at the conference to iron _______ their differences.

A. on B. out C. over D. into

8. He tried to paper _______ the country’s deep-seated problems.

A. over B. with C. into D. down

9. Linda chats so much; she could talk the hind leg _______ a donkey.

A. up to B. over C. off D. under

10. I’m going to put my head _______ for a while as I feel very tired.

A. down B. over C. up D. through

ANSWER KEYS

IV. COLLOCATION AND IDIOMS (10PTS)

Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.

1. I had to get through a lot of__________tape, but I finally got the documents I needed.

A. red B. blue C. link D. yellow

2. The hospital staff pulled out all the _______ to make sure the children had a wonderful day.

A. roadblocks B. barricades C. plugs D. stops

3. Neither side is prepared to _____ an inch in the negotiations.

A. stir B. budge C. push D. bend

4. Congressman Saunders fired the opening _______ during a heated debate on capital punishment.

A. salvo B. barrage C. cannonade D. burst

5. I like the way people here always queue up. Back home we just push and shove, and the devil take the ________!

A. outermost B. foremost C. hindmost D. utmost

6. The manager attached himself to the luncheon club and became a _______ fixture there.

A. perennial B. enduring C. stable D. permanent

7. I was so hungry, and that meal was absolutely delicious! It was just what the _______ ordered.

A. scientist B. doctor C. expert D. healer

8. Although the Government has increased allocations to the social sector by as much as 40 per cent, State funding still falls ________ short of needs.

A. well B. totally C. severely D. abjectly

9. Last week’s violence was _______ condemned by foreign governments.

A. grimly B. roundly C. roughly D. bitingly

10. She hasn’t had an accident yet but she has had a number of……. Shavers.

A. narrow B. near C. close D. tiny

V.READING COMPREHENSION (20 pts)

Read the texts below and choose the best answer to each question.

PASSAGE A

Questions 1-10. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions.

Color in textiles is produced by dyeing, by printing, or by painting. Until the nineteenth century, all dyes were derived from vegetable or, more rarely, animal or mineral sources, Since madder plants could be grown practically everywhere, the roots of some species of the madder plant family were used from the earliest period to produce a whole range of reds. Red animal dyes, derived! from certain species of scale insects, were also highly valued from ancient times through the Middle Ages. Blues were obtained from indigo, which was widely .cultivated in India and exported from there, and from woad, a plant common in Europe and also used in the Near East from the beginning of the Christian era. Before the first, nonfading "solid" green was invented in the early nineteenth century; greens were achieved by the overdyeing or overprinting of yellow and blue. However, yellow dyes± whether from weld or some other plant source such as saffron or turmeric, invariably fade or disappear. This accounts for the bluish tinge of what were once bright greens in, for example, woven tapestry. The range of natural colors was hugely expanded and, indeed, superseded by the chemical dyes developed during the eighteen hundreds. By 1900 a complete range of synthetic colors had been evolved, many of them reaching a standard of resistance to fading from exposure to light and to washing that greatly exceeded that of natural dyestuffs. Since then, the petroleum industry has added many new chemicals, and from these other types of dyestuffs have been developed. Much of the research in dyes was stimulated by the peculiarities of some of the new synthetic fibers- Acetate rayon, for example, seemed at first to have no affinity for dyes and a new range of dyes had to be developed; nylon and Terylene presented similar problems. The printing of textiles has involved a number of distinct methods. With the exception of printing patterns directly onto the cloth, whether by block, roller, or screen, all of these are based on dyeing; that is, the immersion of the fabric in a dye bath.

1. The passage mainly discusses the __________ .

A. Development of synthetic colors for texiles during the nineteenth century.

B. Advantages of chemical dyes over dyes derived from plants and animals

C. Differences between dyeing texibles and printing items

D. History of the use of natural and chemical dyes to colour textile.

2. According to the passage, what was the source of most textile dyes that were used before the nineteenth century?

A. Animals

B. Minerals

C. Plants

D. Chemicals

3. What was the advantage of using madder plants for different shades of red?

A. It was possible to cultivate madder plants in almost every location.

B. Madder plants produced brighter colors than other plant sources.

C. Plant sources produced more lasting colors than other plant sources.

D. Dyes derived from the madder plants were easier to work with than other dyes

4. One disadvantage of green dyes before the nineteenth century was ___________.

A. The yellow dyes were expensive

B. They lost their original color

C. The blue dyes involved lost their color

D. The final color varied

5. The green areas in women tapestries developed a bluish tinge because ___________.

A. A darker color, like blue, dominates a light color, like yellow

B. Light changed some of the green dye used in the tapestries to blue

C. The yellow dye that was used in the tapestries had faded

D. The dyes used to color woven tapestries were made from minerals

6. Red dyes came mostly from ___________.

A. Animals

B. Plants and insects

C. Indigo

D. Minerals

7. How did chemical dyes compare to natural dyes?

A. The chemical dyes had less attractive colors.

B. The chemical dyes were less easy to use

C. The chemical dyes lost their brightness more quickly when exposed to light.

D. The chemical dyes held up better after washing.

8. The chemical dyes keep color because they are less prone to _____________.

A. sunshine

B. wind

C. restriction

D. wear

9. According to the passage, what problem led to the development of the new dyes after 1900?

A. Previously developed dyes did not work on new types of fibers

B. Dyes derived from petroleum caused damage to new synthetic fibers

C. New synthetic fibers lost required brighter colors than natural fibers did.

D. New fabrics easily lost their colors when washed.

10. What does the author mean by “block, roller, or screen”?

A. To give examples of textile printing techniques that are based on dyeing.

B. To argue that all methods printing patterns onto textiles involve dyeing.

C. To emphasize the variety of special tools used the process of dyeing textiles.

D. To give examples of textile printing techniques that do not involve dyeing.

KEY:

PASSAGE B:

More good than evil?

It is a commonly held belief that today’s teens are in trouble. They spend hours communicating via social network sites instead of socializing in person and send countless text messages that are in a virtually unrecognizable language. In a study analyzing today’s youth in the digital world, renowned scientist, Susan Greenfield, laments: “We are raising a generation of children who are shallow, thrill-seeking and in danger of detaching themselves from reality.” In spite of such pessimistic beliefs, recent research seems to indicate that social network sites may not be as detrimental as some may think.

A crucial point is that we need to maintain a broader perspective. New technologies have always provoked generational panic, which usually has more to do with adult fears than any real harm they may do. In the 1930s, parents worried that radio was taking over the lives of their children. In the 60s, the great danger was the television and then in the 80s, the Sony Walkman was claimed to be turning teens into mindless zombies.

In fact, social scientists who study young people have found that technology and the digital world can essentially benefit today's youth. It seems that if teens use a lot of social media, it has no negative effect on their engaging in face-to-face contact. Actually, the evidence suggests that the most avid texters are also the kids most likely to spend time with friends in person. One form of socializing doesn’t replace the other. It augments it. Then, as the young get older and are given more freedom, they often ease up on social networking. Early on, the web is their own personal space, but by their late teens, it is replaced as they acquire greater independence.

But isn’t all this short-form writing eroding language skills? Studies of first-year college papers from 1917 is show that this is not the case. The rates of grammar and vocabulary errors by these freshmen in their compositions were the same as in the ones written by their modern counterparts. There is one essential difference, however. Student essays have blossomed in size and complexity. They are now six times longer and offer arguments supported by a wealth of evidence. Why? Because computers have vastly increased the ability of students to gather research, consider different points of view and write more analytically.

If truth be told, the online world also offers kids remarkable opportunities to become literate and creative because young people can now publish ideas not just to their circle of friends, but to the whole world. And it turns out that when they write for strangers, it makes them work harder, push themselves further, and create powerful new communicative forms.

1. What is meant by the phrase virtually unrecognizable in the first paragraph?

A.Teenagers use foreign languages when they speak or write.

B.Teenagers are very creative when they communicate with one another.

C.Teenagers enjoy taking on a different identity when they communicate.

D.The language used in text messages has been greatly altered.

2. Why is Susan Greenfield quoted in the first paragraph?

A.She has teenage children who use computers.

B.She strongly contradicts what society believes.

C.Her research supports that teens are negatively affected by today’s technology.

D.She believes more information is needed to draw conclusions.

3.According to Susan Greenfield, what may be a consequence of teens using technology?

A.They may become overly cynical about their lives.

B.They may not be connected to what is happening around them.

C.They may not find pleasure in exciting activities.

D.They may not grow up into mature adults.

4. Why does the author use examples from past decades?

A.to prove that technology has always been harmful

B.to argue that new inventions always seem suspicious

C.to show that teenagers will never obey their parents

D.to present a trend that is getting more dangerous

5. The author implies that a teen who uses a cell phone frequently is _____

A.less athletic B. a poor student C. highly introverted D. more sociable

6.The word augments in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to______

A. substitutes for B. adds to C. explains D. decreases

7. What happens when teenagers get older?

A.They don’t need personal space anymore.

B.Their studies become more important to them than their social lives.

C.The digital world becomes increasingly important to them.

D.They do not participate in social networks as much.

8. What does the word counterparts in the fourth paragraph refer to?

A. compositions B. first-year college students

C. grammar and vocabulary errors D. language skills

9. How does a modern college freshman’s paper compare to one from 1917?

A. It has almost no linguistic errors. B. It has the same amount of content.

C. It has a less complicated writing style. D. It is based on more information.

10. What is the author’s view of social networks?

A.Their access must be strictly controlled by parents.

B.They play a positive role in young people’s lives.

C.They are detrimental to young people’s relationships.

D.They have evolved faster than most people realize.

ANSWER KEYS:

VI.GUIDED CLOZED TEST (20PTS)

Passage 1

Read the passage carefully and choose the answer (A, B, C or D) that best fits each space.

It only requires the completion of the reconstruction of the human genetic map for a whole host of hereditary disease to be ___________ (1). Originally, it was forecast that the venture would take until the beginning of the 21st century to be ___________ (2). At present, it is clear that the task can be finished much earlier. Hundreds of scholars have gone to ___________ (3) to help unravel the mystery of the human genetic structure with an ardent hope for __________(4) mankind from disorders such as cancer, cystic fibrosis or arthritis.

The progress in this incredible undertaking is conditioned by an accurate interpretation of the information contained in the chromosomes forming the trillions of the cells in the human body. Locating and characterizing every single gene may _________(5) implausible an assignment, but very considerable _________(6) has already been made. What will you know my now is that the hereditary code is assembled in DNA, some of which may be diseased and ________ (7) to the uncontrollable transmission of the damaged code from parents to their children? Whereas work at the completion of the human genome may last for a few years more, notions like gene therapy or genetic engineering don't _________ (8) much surprise any longer. Their potential application has already been _________ (9) in the effective struggle against many viruses or in the genetic treatment of blood disorders. The hopes are, then, that hundreds of maladies that humanity is _________ (10) with at the present might eventually cease to exist in the not too distant future.

1.  A. terminated B. interfered C. eradicated D. disrupted

2.  A. accomplished B. discharged        C. dismantled D. exterminated

3.  A. maximum B. utmost      C. supreme D. extremes

4.  A. liberating B. surviving C. insulating D. averting

5.  A. sound B. hear C. voice D. perceive

6.  A. headline B. heading C. headway D. headship

7.  A. amiable B. conceivable C. evocative D. conducive

8.  A. evoke B. institute C. discharge D. encourage

9.  A. examined B. inquired C. accounted D. corroborated

10.  A. aggravated        B. teased       C. persecuted D. plagued

ANSWER KEYS:

Passage 2

Very few of us would admit putting much trust in horoscopes and the fact that the movements of astronomical bodies _________ (1) to earthly occurrences affecting peoples' everyday lives.

We all know about the zodiac signs which reflect the position of the sun, the moon and the planets at the moment of a man's birth and about the peculiar characteristics _________ (2) to them by astrologers. We say we will take these phenomena with a pinch of salt while we keep _________ (3) our eyes over them in every tabloid we lay our hands on. Most frequently, we expect horoscopes to predict the future, to ___________ (4) our optimistic mood with a piece of comforting information or to ___________ (5) our ego by confirming the superlative features that we tend to attribute to our zodiacs.

However, there's no scientific evidence to ___________ (6) the assumption that human existence is so closely __________ (7) with the parameters of the celestial bodies. Our curiosity in horoscopes may, then, _________(8) our sheer fascination with the unexplained or the unpredictable as well as in the enticing insight into the future that the horoscopes offer, thus establishing the sense of our __________ (9) an extreme power over our own lives. An additional explanation is that humans tend to have a soft ____________ (10) for any form of flattery, which is the fact to which astrologers and the horoscope writers seem to attach the greatest deal of weight.

1.  A. rely B. correspond C. match D. compare

2.  A. identified B. associated C. incorporated D. ascribed

3.  A. running B. sending C. fixing D. putting

4.  A. restore B. adjust C. upgrade D. reassure

5.  A. boost B. escalate C. revitalize D. improve

6.  A. conclude B. concede C. corroborate D. confound

7.  A. fused B. adhered C. coalesced D. intertwined

8.  A. stem B. crop C. rear D. dawn

9.  A. disposing B. wielding C. effecting D. committing

10.  A. pit B. dot C. spot D. nick

ANSWER KEYS:

B.WRITTEN TEST (70 pts)

I. OPEN CLOZE TEST (20 pts)

Read the texts below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only ONE WORD for each space.

Passage A

Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only ONE word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0)

INDOOR AIR POLUTION

The citizens (0)....of……four major European countries think the (1)………………………of climate change such as severe floods and storms are already affecting them, according to a major new polling study.The research dispels the idea that global warming is widely seen as a future problem, and also shows strong support for action to tackle global warming, (2)…………………………subsidies for clean energy and big financial penalties for nations that refuse to be part of the international climate deal signed in Paris in 2015 – (3)………………US president Donald Trump has threatened. There was also strong support for giving financial (4)……………………..to developing nations to cope with the impacts of climate change.Renewable energy was viewed very positively in all nations, but fracking had little support, with just 20% of people seeing it positively in the UK, 15% in Germany and 9% in France. Nuclear power was also unpopular: only 23% of those in France,(5)………………………..it supplies the vast majority of electricity, have a favourable opinion. Overwhelming majorities of people in the UK, Germany, France and Norway said climate change was at (6)………………………partly caused by human activities, such as burning fossil fuels. But only a third thought the vast majority of scientists agreed with this, despite about 97% of climate scientists doing so.“It is encouraging to see that most people in this very large study recognise that climate change is happening, and that support for the need to tackle it remains high (7)……………………..the people we surveyed,” said Prof Nick Pidgeon at Cardiff University, who led the international project.He said the firm backing of the public could be important in the light of Trump’s opposition to climate action: “ (8)………………………… the recently shifting political mood in some countries, climate policy is now entering a critical phase. It is therefore even (9)…………………. important that the public’s clear support for the Paris agreement is carried (10)……………… by policymakers Europe and worldwide.”

KEY:

Passage B

THE TRIUNE BRAIN

The first of our three brains to evolve is what scientists call the reptilian cortex. This brain sustains the elementary activities of animal (1)………. such as respiration, adequate rest and a beating heart. We are not (2)………….. to consciously “think” about these activities. The reptilian cortex also houses the “startle centre”, a mechanism that facilitates swift (3)……….. to unexpected occurrences in our surroundings. That panicked lurch you experience when a door slams shut somewhere in the house, or the heightened awareness you feel when a twig cracks in a nearby bush while out on an evening stroll are both examples of the reptilian cortex at work. When it comes to our interaction with others, the reptilian brain offers up only the most basic impulses: aggression, mating, and territorial defence. There is no great difference, in this (4)………, between a crocodile defending its spot along the river and a turf war between two urban gangs.(5)………… the lizard may stake a claim to its habitat, it exerts total indifference toward the well-being of its young. Listen to the anguished squeal of a dolphin separated from its pod or witness the sight of elephants mourning their dead, however, and it is clear that a new development is at play. Scientists have identified this as the limbic cortex. Unique (6)……….. mammals, the limbic cortex impels creatures to nurture their offspring by (7)……… feelings of tenderness and warmth to the parent when children are nearby. These same sensations also cause mammals to develop various types of social relations and (8)………… networks. When we are with others of “our kind” – be it at soccer practice, church, school or a nightclub – we (9)……………. positive sensations of togetherness, solidarity and comfort. If we spend too long away from these networks, then loneliness (10)………. in and encourages us to seek companionship.

ANSWER KEYS:

II. WORD FORMATION (20 pts)

Part 1: Complete each sentence, using the correct form of the word in parentheses.

1. I'm not against_______, but obviously we all want to avoid animals suffering unnecessarily. (SECTION)

2. The administration announced that the U.S. would no longer produce ______________ landmines or acquire new ones, including replacing expiring munitions in its stockpile. (PERSON)

3. And lastly, it provided the authorities with an opportunity to dispose of troublesome true believers or neighborhood __________ (CONTENT)

4. She hopes to _______ her success as a model into an acting career. (LAY)

5. Mohammed Zardah, 26, a slim, _______ man with an academic mien, studied computer engineering in Damascus, he says. (SPECTACLE)

6. Hunger and a _________ meal did not sit happily side by side.(SLAP)

7. The machine must be ________________, executing as fast as a mower is able to cut.(EXPEDITE)

10.In the countryside, farmers try to _______ their land with a view to keeping out their neighbours’ cattle.(MARKER)

ANSWER KEYS

Part 2: Complete the passage with appropriate forms from the words given in the box.

The natural uses of bioluminescence vary widely, and organisms have learnt to be very creative with its use. Fireflies employ bioluminescence primarily for (1)……………means - their flashing patterns advertise a firefly's readiness to breed. Some fish use it as a handy spotlight to help them locate prey. Others use it as a lure; the anglerfish, for example, dangles a (2)……………. flare that draws in gullible, smaller fishes which get snapped up by the anglerfish in an automated reflex. Sometimes, bioluminescence is used to resist predators. Vampire squids eject a thick cloud of glowing liquid from the tip of its arms when threatened, which can be(3)………….. Other species use a single, bright flash to(4) …………blind their attacker, with an effect similar to that of an oncoming car which has not dipped its headlights.

Humans have captured and (5)……….. bioluminescence by developing, over the last decade, a technology known as Bioluminescence Imaging (BLI). BLI involves the of a DNA protein from a bioluminescent organism, and then the integration of this protein into a laboratory animal through transgeneticism. Researchers have been able to use aluminized pathogens and cancer cell lines to track the (6)……… spread of (7)……….and cancers. Through BLI, cancers and infections can be observed without intervening in a way that affects their (8)………….development. In other words, while an ultra-sensitive camera and bioluminescent proteins add a visual element, they do not disrupt or mutate the natural processes. As a result, when testing drugs and treatments, researchers are permitted a single perspective of a therapy's progression.

Once scientists learn how to engineer bioluminescence and keep it stable in large quantities, a number of other human uses for it will become available. Glowing trees have been proposed as (9)………...for electric lighting along busy roads, for example, which would reduce our dependence on (10)………………energy sources.

ANSWER KEYS:

1. REPRODUCTIVE
2. LUMINESCENT
3. DISORIENTING
4. TEMPORARILY
5. UTILISED
6. RESPECTIVE
7. INFECTIONS
8. INDEPENDENT
9. REPLACEMENTS

10.NON-RENEWABLE

III. ERROR CORRECTION (10 pts)

The following passage contains 10 errors. Identify and correct them.

It is not easy to have a rational discussion with people about the nature of their language. They feel that the language belongs to them, and they are entitled to hold cut and dry opinions about it. And when opinions differ, emotions run high. Arguments can easily stem from minor points of usage as from major education policies. In English, the origin of many popular misconceptions lies in the work of the linguists of the eighteenth century who first attempted to codify the English grammar. Unfortunately, they worked under the premise that English grammar is derived from Latin grammar and that the rules of the latter are to determine the former. It was this fundamentally misunderstanding that resulted in the absurd but time-honored 'never-end-a-sentence-with-a-preposition' type of rule that many people still cling to. These days, many people complain that the Internet is the source of much unforgivable distortion of English, and such the ease and speed of email communication engenders a lazy approach to writing. This is possibly a short-sighted view: perhaps we should be more broad-minded and view such changes as potential enrichment other than corruption of the language. Perhaps those who argue it is only the latter are guilty of stick-in-the-sand mentality which is often not confined to their own language. The American linguist Leonard Bloomfield tells the story of a doctor who was so firm in his view that the American language Chippewa had only few hundred words. When Bloomfield tried to dispute the point, the doctor had no thoughts of losing down. He turned away and refused to listen.

ANSWER KEYS:

IV. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION (20PTS) For each of the sentences below, write a new sentence as similar as possible in meaning to the original one, using the word given.

1. Going to and fro with all the cases is what I can’t stand about holidays.

→ It’s all……………………………………………………………………………..…..

2. The village shop is now being managed by a national supermarket chain.

→ A national supermarket chain has taken..........................................................................

3. This door is an emergency exit and must never be locked for any reason.

→ On ............................................................... be locked because it is an emergency exit.

4. Yolanda’s family persuaded her to enter the competition.

→ Yolanda was talked......................................................... the competition by her family.

5. So many people were really delighted when the government lost the election. (JUBILATION)

6. The board had a secret meeting in order to discuss changes in company policy. (DOORS)

->………………………………………………………………………………………….

7. Peter was in trouble with his boss because he didn’t finish an important project by the deadline. (HOT)

->…………………………………………………………………………………………………

1. She told everyone that she had been fired by the company. (SACK)

She let……………………………………………………………………………………………

9. Should there be a problem, contact us at all costs. (LINE)

->In the ……………………………………………………………………………………………

1. Although the manager is sluggish, he is a smooth speaker. (GIFT)

->Sluggish ……………………………………………………………………………………

ANSWER KEYS:

1. It’s all toing and froing with all the cases that I can’t stand about holidays.

2. A national supermarket chain has taken charge over the management.

3. On no account must this door ever be locked because it is an emergency exit.

4. Yolanda was talked into entering the competition by her family.

5. There was much JUBILATION when the government lost the election.

6. The board met behind the closed door in order to discuss changes in company policy.

7. Peter was in hot water because he didn’t finish an important project by the deadline.

8. She let it be known that she had been given the sack by the company.

9. In the event of a problem, drop a line at all costs.

10. Sluggish as the manager is, he has the gift of the gab

II. WORD CHOICE (5pts)

Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.

1. The man’s choice to run away virtually _______ to an admission of guilt.

A. resulted B. came C. amounted D. added

2. Environmental pollution has _______ many species to the verge of extinction.

A. sent B, thrown C. brought D. driven

3. After years of working together, the partners found themselves _______ linked.

A. permanently B. indelibly C. perpetually D. inextricably

4. It was decided that the cost of the project would be _______ and so it was abandoned.
A. repressive B. prohibitive C. restrictive D. exclusive

5. Living by the ocean really _______ your _______. Once you’ve lived there, you never want to leave.

A. came in/heart B. get in/heart C. run in/blood D. came in/blood

6. Tamara has set her _______ on becoming a ballet-dancer.

A. feet B. brain C. head D. heart

7. Paul’s been in Alice’s bad _______ ever since he offended her at the party.

A. eyes B. books C. likes D. treats

8. Knowing the confidential details gave him a(n) _______ over the other candidates.

A. edge B. possibility C. exertion D. fringe

9. He promised me an Oxford dictionary and to my great joy, he _______ his word.

A. stood by  B. stuck at  C. went back on  D. held onto

10. His new play is not only interesting but also unique. It is really off the beaten ______.

A. track B. road C. path D. route

🖎Write your answers here:

Keys:

III. STRUCTURE AND GRAMMAR (5pts)

Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence.

1. John: “Our teacher, Mr. Jones, is not very flexible. He always requires us to submit his assignments on time.”

Jack: “_______. He should know that we have to learn many subjects.”

A. I can’t disagree with you more B. I can’t agree with you more

C. That can be true D. I am not with you here

2. The more expensive carpet is a good choice _______ it will last longer.

A. by means of B. due to C. in that D. in view of

3. There was no one downstairs; so he turned off the lights again and decided that she _______ imagined things.

A. must have B. should have C. can’t have D. needn’t have

4. Little Deon : “This herb smells horrible!” Mommy: _______, it will do you a power of good.

A. Be that as it may B. Come what may

C. How much horrible is it D. Whatever it smells

5. _______ I’ve told him not to go out with those people, but he wouldn’t listen. Just let him face the music now.

A. Many a time B. Many the time C. Quite a time D. For a time

6. _______ as taste is really a composite sense made up of both taste and smell.

A. That we refer to B. What we refer to

C. To which we refer D. What do we refer to

7. _______ the water clear but also prevent the river from overflowing.

A. Not only the hippo’s eating habits keep

B. Keep not only the hippo’s eating habits

C. The hippo’s eating habits not only keep

D. Not only keep the hippo’s eating habits

8. Computer are said to be _______ for the development of mankind.

A. here today B. here and there

C. here to stay D. neither here nor there

9. Did the minister approve the building plans?- Not really, he turned them down _______ that the costs were too high.

A. in case B. provided C. on the grounds D. supposing

10. It was such a loud noise _______ everyone in the house

A. as to wake B. that to wake C. so as to wake D. that waking

🖎Write your answers here:

Keys:

IV. PREPOSITIONS AND PHRASAL VERBS (5pts)

Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence.

1.He _______ a big fortune when he was young, so he didn't have to work hard.

A. came into B. came up C. came across D. came round

2. Are you taking _______ all of these phrasal verbs?

A. for B. down C. off D. in

3. The medicine takes one hour to _______. .

A. bear with B. kick in C. make out D. get by

4. Have you _______ with your homework yet?

A. gotten through B. taken over C. thought up D. checked over

5. Jennifer _______ the invitation to join us for dinner.

A. called on B. come out C. got out of D. passed on

6. If he's clumsy, he can bump _______ the desk.

A. by B. over C. into D. through

7. We can put you _______ for a few days if you have nowhere else to live.

A. on B. out C. up D. off

8. Mary was astonished that she was _______ for the counselor's position.

A. got by B. turned down C. caught on D. come to

9. After running up the stairs, I was _______ breath.

A. without B. out of C. no D. away from

10. She nearly lost her own life _______ attempting to save the child from drowning.

A. with B. for C. at D. in

🖎Write your answers here:

Keys:

IV. COLLOCATIONS AND IDIOMS (5 pts)

1. I felt a bit _______ and seemed to have more aches and pains than usual.

A. out of sorts C. on the mend

B. over the worst D. under the fever

2. A: ‘Oh, I’m exhausted! I’ve been doing homework all day.’

B: ‘Come and put your _______ up for 5 minutes and I’ll make you a cup of tea.’

A. hands B. hair C. heart D. feet

3. His English was roughly _______ with my Greek, so communication was rather difficult!

A. levelled B. on a par C. equal D. in tune

4. Although she had never used a word-proceesor before, she soon got the _______ of it.

A. feel B. touch C. move D. hang

5. I overslept this morning and caught the last bus to school by the skin of my _______.

A. mouth B. leg C. neck D. teeth

6. If you want a flat in the centre of the city, you have to pay through the _______ for it.

A. teeth B. back of your head C. nose D. arm

7. You will be putting your life on the _______ if you take up skydiving.

A. ground B. line C. way D. lane

8. As far as her future goes, Olivia is _______. She hasn't got a clue what career to follow.

A. on the level B. all at sea C. behind the scenes D. in the know

9. Your husband was a bit out of control at the party, to _______ mildly.

A. take it B. put it C. say D. tell

10. There is a large effort ________ to rebuild arts education in the New York city public schools.

A. under way B. a long way C. out of the way D. in the way

🖎Write your answers here:

Keys:

V. READING COMPREHENSION (10PTS): Read the pasages below and choose the best answer to each question.

Passage 1

They are just four, five and six years old right now, but already they are making criminologists nervous. They are growing up, too frequently, in abusive or broken homes, with little adult supervision and few positive role models. Left to themselves, they spend much of their time hanging out on the streets or soaking up violent TV shows. By the year 2005 they will be teenagers–a group that tends to be, in the view of Northeastern University criminologist James Alan Fox, “temporary sociopaths–impulsive and immature.”. If they also have easy access to guns and drugs, they can be extremely dangerous.

For all the heartening news offered by recent crime statistics, there is an ominous flip side. While the crime rate is dropping for adults, it is soaring for teens. Between 1990 and 1994, the rate at which adults age 25 and older committed homicides declined 22%; yet the rate jumped 16% for youths between 14 and 17, the age group that in the early ’90s supplanted 18- to 24-year-olds as the most crime-prone. And that is precisely the age group that will be booming in the next decade. There are currently 39 million children under 10 in the U.S., more than at any time since the 1950s. “This is the calm before the crime storm,” says Fox. “So long as we fool ourselves in thinking that we’re winning the war against crime, we may be blindsided by this bloodbath of teenage violence that is lurking in the future.”

Demographics don’t have to be destiny, but other social trends do little to contradict the dire predictions. Nearly all the factors that contribute to youth crime–single-parent households, child abuse, deteriorating inner-city schools – are getting worse. At the same time, government is becoming less, not more, interested in spending money to help break the cycle of poverty and crime. All of which has led John J. DiIulio Jr., a professor of politics and public affairs at Princeton, to warn about a new generation of “super predators,” youngsters who are coming of age in actual and “moral poverty,” without “the benefit of parents, teachers, coaches and clergy to teach them right or wrong and show them unconditional love.”

Predicting a generation’s future crime patterns is, of course, risky; especially when outside factors (Will crack use be up or down? Will gun laws be tightened?) remain unpredictable. Michael Tonry, a professor of law and public policy at the University of Minnesota, argues that the demographic doomsayers are unduly alarmist. “There will be a slightly larger number of people relative to the overall population who are at high risk for doing bad things, so that’s going to have some effect,” he concedes. “But it’s not going to be an apocalyptic effect.” Norval Morris, professor of law and criminology at the University of Chicago, finds DiIulio’s notion of super predators too simplistic: “The human animal in young males is quite a violent animal all over the world. The people who put forth the theory of moral poverty lack a sense of history and comparative criminology.”

Yet other students of the inner city are more pessimistic. “All the basic elements that spawn teenage crime are still in place, and in many cases the indicators are worse,” says Jonathan Kozol, author of Amazing Grace, an examination of poverty in the South Bronx. “There’s a dramatic increase of children in foster care, and that’s a very high-risk group of kids. We’re not creating new jobs, and we’re not improving education to suit poor people for the jobs that exist.”

Can anything defuse the demographic time bomb? Fox urges “reinvesting in children”: improving schools, creating after-school programs and providing other alternatives to gangs and drugs. DiIulio, a law-and-order conservative, advocates tougher prosecution and wants to strengthen religious institutions to instill better values. Yet he opposes the Gingrich-led effort to make deep cuts in social programs. “A failure to maintain existing welfare and health commitment for kids,” he says, “is to guarantee that the next wave of juvenile predators will be even worse than we’re dealing with today.” DiIulio urges fellow conservatives to think of Medicaid not as a health-care program but as “an anticrime policy.” 

(Source: Time Magazine)

1. Young children are making criminologists nervous because _______.

A. they are committing too much crime
B. they are impulsive and immature
C. they may grow up to be criminals

D. they have no role models

2. The general crime rate in the US is _______.

A. increasing B. decreasing C. not changing D. difficult to predict

3. The age group which commits the highest rate of crime is _______.

A. 14 – 17 B. 18 – 24 C. 24 + D. the old

4. James Fox believes that the improvement in crime figures could _______.

A. make us complacent in the fight against crime
B. result in an increase in teenage violence
C. make us become fooled and blindsided

D. result in a decrease in teenage violence

5. According to paragraph 3, the government _______.

A. cutting down on the budget

B. is doing everything it can to solve the problem
C. is not interested in solving the problem
D. is not doing enough to solve the problem

6. In comparison with James Fox, Michael Tonry is _______.

A. more pessimistic B. less pessimistic

C. equally pessimistic D. indifferent

7. Jonathan Kozol believes that _______.

A. there is no solution to the problem
B. employment and education are not the answer
C. employment and education can improve the situation

D. people can solve the problem by improving schools

8. Professor DiIulio thinks that spending on social programs _______.

A. should continue as it is B. should be decreased

C. is irrelevant to crime rates D. is a better solution to the problem

9. The word ‘lurking” in the paragraph 2 can be best replaced by _______.

A. happening B. hiding C. impending D. looming

10. The sentence “This is the calm before the crime storm.” means "_______.".

A. There will be population booming in in the next decade

B. The age group committing crime most in the next decade is now under 10

C. The age group 14 – 17 will commit the most crimes in the next decade

D. People will be successful in dealing with the war against crime in the next decade

🖎Write your answers here:

Keys:

Passage 2: For questions 1-6, read the text below and choose the correct heading for each paragraph B–G from the list of headings below (i-x). There are more headings than paragraphs. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes. There is an example at the beginning. (5pts)

HOW DOES THE BIOLOGICAL CLOCK TICK?

A. Our life span is restricted. Everyone accepts this as 'biologically' obvious. ‘Nothing lives for ever!’ However, in this statement we think of artificially produced, technical objects, products which are subjected to natural wear and tear during use. This leads to the result that at some time or other the object stops working and is unusable ('death' in the biological sense). But are the wear and tear and loss of function of technical objects and the death of living organisms really similar or comparable?

B. Our ‘dead’ products are ‘static’, closed systems. It is always the basic material which constitutes the object and which, in the natural course of things, is worn down and becomes 'older’. Ageing in this case must occur according to the laws of physical chemistry and of thermodynamics. Although the same law holds for a living organism, the result of this law is not inexorable in the same way. At least as long as a biological system has the ability to renew itself it could actually become older without ageing; an organism is an open, dynamic system through which new material continuously flows. Destruction of old material and formation of new material are thus in permanent dynamic equilibrium. The material of which the organism is formed changes continuously. Thus our bodies continuously exchange old substance for new, just like a spring which more or less maintains its form and movement, but in which the water molecules are always different.

C. Thus ageing and death should not be seen as inevitable, particularly as the organism possesses many mechanisms for repair. It is not, in principle, necessary for a biological system to age and die. Nevertheless, a restricted life span, ageing, and then death are basic characteristics of life. The reason for this is easy to recognise: in nature, the existent organisms either adapt or are regularly replaced by new types. Because of changes in the genetic material (mutations) these have new characteristics and in the course of their individual lives they are tested for optimal or better adaptation to the environmental conditions. Immortality would disturb this system - it needs room for new and better life. This is the basic problem of evolution

D. Every organism has a life span which is highly characteristic. There are striking differences in life span between different species, but within one species the parameter is relatively constant. For example, the average duration of human life has hardly changed in thousands of years. Although more and more people attain an advanced age as a result of developments in medical care and better nutrition, the characteristic upper limit for most remains 80 years. A further argument against the simple wear and tear theory is the observation that the time within which organisms age lies between a few days (even a few hours for unicellular organisms) and several thousand years, as with mammoth trees.

E. If a lifespan is a genetically determined biological characteristic, it is logically necessary to propose the existence of an internal clock, which in some way measures and controls the aging process and which finally determines death as the last step in a fixed programme. Like the fife span, the metabolic rate has for different organisms a fixed mathematical relationship to the body mass. In comparison to the life span this relationship is ‘inverted’: the larger the organism the lower its metabolic rate. Again this relationship is valid not only for birds, but also, similarly on average within the systematic unit, for all other organisms (plants, animals, unicellular organisms).

F. Animals which behave ‘frugally’ with energy become particularly old for example, crocodiles and tortoises. Parrots and birds of prey are often held chained up. Thus they are not able to ‘experience life’ and so they attain a high life span in captivity. Animals which save energy by hibernation or lethargy (e.g. bats or hedgehogs) live much longer than those which are always active, The metabolic rate of mice can be reduced by a very low consumption of food (hunger diet) They then may live twice as long as their well-fed comrades. Women become distinctly (about 10 per cent) older than men. If you examine the metabolic rates of the two sexes you establish that the higher male metabolic rate roughly accounts for the lower male life span. That means that they live life ‘energetically’ - more intensively, but not for as long.

G. It follows from the above that sparing use of energy reserves should tend to extend life. Extreme high performance sports may lead to optimal cardiovascular performance, but they quite certainly do not prolong life. Relaxation lowers metabolic rate, as does adequate sleep and in general an equable and balanced personality. Each of us can develop his or her own ‘energy saving programme’ with a little self-observation, critical self-control and, above all, logical consistency. Experience will show that to live in this way not only increases the life span but is also very healthy. This final aspect should not be forgotten.

For question 1-6, choose the correct heading for paragraphs A-G from the list of headings below.

Write the correct number, i-x, in the corresponding numbered boxes.

LIST OF HEADINGS

Example answer: Paragraph A: v

Your answers:

1. Paragraph B __________

2. Paragraph C __________

3. Paragraph D __________

4. Paragraph E __________

5. Paragraph F __________

6. Paragraph G __________

Questions 77- 90, complete the notes below

Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 77-90

• Objects age in accordance with principles of (7) _______________ and of (8) ______________
• Through mutations, organisms can (9) _______________ better to the environment.
• (10) _______________ would pose a serious problem for the theory of evolution.

Keys:

VI. GUIDED CLOZE TEST (10pts): Read the following passages and decide which option A,B, C or D best fits each space.

Passage 1

The coolest kids in Europe share a single (1) ______ they want to get married, have children and live happily ever after. They know it means (2) ______ their children first and sticking with their spouses even if they slip out of love. This news comes from the report of a new study that (3) ______ out to find the answer to the modem riddle: What will today's youth really, really want tomorrow?

Poignantly, one of the clearest answers is that they want to have happy families. Even in the most (4) ______ countries there was condemnation for divorce, demands that parents should keep their marriage (5) ______ and admiration for stable couples.

It appears that among the middle classes, the quality of our children's lives has suffered from the pressures on parents in high-stress professions. In the days when the concept of 'quality time' first (6) ______, I remember seeing a TV producer on (7) _______ dial home on her mobile phone to read her son a bedtime story. This is just not good enough.

Quality time cannot be time (8) ______. Children need unconditional time in the same way that they need unconditional love. This study found a generation that had given up trying to (9) ______ its parents' attention but was (10) ______ to do better by its own children.

1. A. drive B. eagerness C. ambition D. yearning

2. A. putting B. keeping C. having D. wanting

3. A. made B. aimed C. looked D. set

4. A. loose B. relaxed C. generous D. liberal

5. A. oaths B. vows C. pledges D. promises

6. A. proceeded B. revealed C. emerged D. rose

7. A site B. place C. situation D. location

8. A organized B. managed C. controlled D. disciplined

9. A have B. make C. get D. take

10. A determined B. firm C. persistent D. stubborn

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Keys :

Passage 2

KIWI SURPRISE

When a work project gave me the opportunity to return to New Zealand, I spent several weeks (1) _______ a country I had left in my early twenties. I’d forgotten about the petrol stations where men in smart uniforms (2) _______ to you. They fill your tank, check your oil and still (3) _______ you less than one third of the British price for fuel. And the people rush to your assistance if they see you (4) _______ over a map. Or the blissful absence of tips. Locals simply cannot understand why anybody should expect to pay extra for friendly efficient service.

Given that New Zealand has about 3,000 kilometers of coastline, it should come as no (5) _______ that social life (6) _______ around the sea. When Auckland office workers leave their desks at the end of the working day, they don’t (7) _______ home. Instead, they (8) _______ a beeline for the marina and spend the evening under sail on the Hauraki Gulf. There are more yachts in Auckland than in any other city in the world- no wonder it’s called the City of Sails. Even those who can’t afford a (9) _______ of their own will always know someone who has one, or at the very least, will windsurf the offshore breezes at speeds that make the commuter ferries appear to stand (10) _______.

1. A. regaining B. recapturing C. refamiliarizing D. rediscovering

2. A. assist B. attend C. supply D. serve

3. A. charge B. ask C. require D. demand

4. A. pointing B. doubting C. clamoring D. puzzling

5. A. wonder B. surprise C. amazement D. news

6. A. centers B. revolves C. turns D. gathers

7. A. move B. aim C. head D. divert

8. A. have B. do C. get D. make

9. A. vehicle B. hull C. vessel D. receptacle

10. A. still B. dead C. afloat D. upright

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B. WRITTEN TEST (70pts)

I. OPEN CLOZE TEST (20 pts): Read the passages below and fill each blank with ONE word.

Cloze Test 1 (10pts)

As a result of the recent discovery of lunar water, the moon has suddenly become a far more interesting place for investors, (1) _______ must now view the long-term prospects with optimism. The last manned mission to the moon drew (2) _______ a close in 1973, when two astronauts from Apollo 17 climbed back into their lunar module, (3) _______ collected a lot of moonrock, but bereft (4) _______ any future plans. Now the moon shines brighter for astronauts and scientists alike, (5) _______ to the existence of (6) _______ might be billions of tonnes of water at the poles.

There is (7) _______ high-tech substitute for water in space exploration. To support the international space station, (8) )___________ has cost at least $100,000 a day to send water into orbit. Not only would lunar water cut these costs, but it would additionally be used for rocket fuel, (9) _______ two components, liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen, are the elements found in water.

Scientists are particularly excited (10) _______, given the absence of an atmosphere, lunar water has never been recycled and they believe, therefore, that it could very well hold clues to the formation of the solar system itself.

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Keys:

Cloze Test 2 (10pts)

For over two hundred years, scholars have shown an interest in the way children learn to speak and understand their language. Several small-scale studies were carried out, especially towards the end of the nineteenth century, (1)_______ data recorded in parental diaries. But detailed, systematic investigation did not begin until the middle decades of the twentieth century, when the tape recorder (2) _______ into routine use. This made it possible to keep a permanent record of samples of child speech, so that analysts could listen repeatedly to obscure (3) _______, and thus produce a detailed and accurate description. The problems that have (4) _______ when investigating child speech are quite different from (5) _______ encountered when working with adults. It is not possible to carry out certain kinds of experiments, because aspects of children’s cognitive development, such as their ability to (6) _______ attention or to remember instructions, may not be sufficiently advanced. (7) _______ is it easy to get children to (8) _______ systematic judgments about language – a task that is virtually impossible below the age of three. Moreover, anyone who has tried to make a tape recording of a representative sample of a child’s speech knows how frustrating this can be. Some children, it seems, are innately programmed to (9) _______ off as soon as they notice a tape recorder (10) _______ switched on.

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Keys

II. WORD FORMATIONS (20 pts)

Part 1: Complete the sentence with the correct form of the given word. (10 pts)

1. The private school feared losing its _______ with the state's university system. (CREDIT)

2. That the child behaved _______ made the couple happy. (DEAR)

3. The candidate made a(n) _______ speech that incensed all those who heard it. (FLAME)

4. The business is _______ as it can no longer meet the repayments on its debt. (SOLVE)

5. A _______ is a popular place for tourists and travellers to send and receive e-mails. (CAFÉ)

6. In Scotland, there is greater emphasis on _______ by individual schools. (VALUE)

7. Babies affected by the disease will be born small, _______ and brain-damaged. (FORM)

8. She stood there completely _______, so I had no idea at all what she was thinking. (EXPRESS)

9. “What if” questions involving _______ are familiar in historical speculations. (FACT)

10. The Prime Minister warned the people of his country that they must be ready for any _______ - even the possibility of war. (EVENT)

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Keys:

Part 2: Complete the passage with appropriate forms from the words given in the box. (10pts)

ANGER

We’ve all felt anger at some time, whether as faint annoyance or blind rage. Anger is a normal, sometime useful human emotion, but uncontrolled (1) _______ of temper can be destructive. People who give free rein to their anger, regardless of the (2) _______ this may cause, haven’t learned to express themselves (3) _______ , says Martin Smolik, who runs weekend residential courses in anger management. ‘It is important to maintain your (4) _______ and put your case in an assertive, not aggressive manner without hurting others. Being assertive doesn’t mean being pushy or demanding; it means being (5) _______ of yourself and other people.’ He adds that people who are easily angered are (6) _______ of frustration, inconvenience or irritation and, not surprisingly find relating to other people very difficult. But what causes people to behave like this? It seems there is evidence to support the idea that some children may be born (7) _______ and prone to anger and this tendency is sometimes apparent from a very early age. However, research also suggests that a person’s family (8) _______ may have an influence. Very often, people who are (9) _______ and often find it difficult to express their emotions come from (10) _______ and disruptive families.

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Keys

III. ERROR CORRECTION (10 pts): Read the following text which contains 10 mistakes. Underline the errors and write the corrections in the corresponding numbered boxes. There is an example at the beginning (0).

Your answers: 0. up → on (line 1)

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Keys:

IV. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION (20 PTS): Rewrite the following sentences using the words given.

Part 1: Complete the second sentence in such a way that it means exactly the same as the sentence printed before it. (10 points)

1. I was too scared to tell him what I really thought.

→ I lacked .....................................................................................................................................

2. It’s a widespread assumption that George was wrongly accused.

→ George ....................................................................................................................................... 3. He declared his disapproval of the behaviour of some of his supporters.

→ He let it ..................................................................................................................................... 4. The collision didn't damage my car much.

→ Not a great ................................................................................................................................

5. Although he is 8 years older than her, they were good friends.

→ Despite ......................................................................................................................................

Part 2: Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first one. Use the word given in block letter, and this word must not be changed in any way. (10 points)

6. I presume you are coming to the party Miriam. READ

→ Can I …………….........................…………………… you are coming to the party Miriam?

7. After a long hard journey, I cheered up when I saw my home. SIGHT

→ After a long hard journey, my spirits……………….....…………..................… of my home.

8. Yvonne did everything she could to ensure the trip was successful. LENGTHS

→ Yvonne .................................................................................................. to ensure the success.

9. Russ’s opinions on the new management policies were very different from those of his fellow workers. ODDS

→ Russ ………...……………………………………..………..... the new management policies.

10. I tried as hard as I could to make sure that this problem would not arise. POWER

→ I did ............................................................................................. this problem from arising.

Keys:

1. I lacked the courage to tell him what I really thought.

2. George is widely assumed to have been wrongly accused.

3. He let it be known that he disapproved of the behaviour of some of his supporters.

4. Not a great deal of damage was done/caused to my car by the collision.

5. Despite a 8-year-old difference they were good friends.

Part 2: 10 points (2x5=10)

6. Can I take it as read that you are coming to the party Miriam?

7. After a long hard journey, my spirits rose/were raised/lifted up when I caught sight of my home.

8. Yvonne went to great lengths to ensure the success.

9. Russ was at odds with his fellow workers over/concerning the new management policies.

10. I did everything within my power to prevent this problem from arising.

THE END

A. MULTIPLE CHOICE (40 pts)

I. WORD CHOICE (05 pts)

Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.

1. The plague, otherwise known as the Black Death, was a ..............disease.

A. contagious B. contiguous C. contingent D. congenial

2. The young man felt..............in the presence of so many young ladies.

A. inhospitable B. hindered C. inhibited D. prohibited

3. The Conservatives declared their intention of..............the whole Act once they came into power.

A. repulsing B. repelling C. impelling D. repealing

4. The Prime Minister will decide whether to release the prisoner or not; that's his.............. .

A. prerogative B. derogatory C. abdication D. humanity

5. The new town development has begun to..............on the surrounding green belt.

A. reach B. encroach C. enter D. intrude

6. I was informed by the police officer that he would be forced to take me into.............. .

A. guardianship B. bail C. custody D. protection

7. They continued fighting despite all the..............they met with.

A. adversities B. amenities C. properties D. liabilities

8. The media are always keen on reporting.............. .

A. mishaps B. calamities C. reverses D. hardships

9.Not only is little Johnny's grammar incoherent and his spelling atrocious but also

his punctuation.............. .

A. slothful B. sluggish C. hazard D. haphazard

10. The dealer wanted £40 and I was only willing to pay £30, but we finally agreed to..............the difference.

A. drop B. decrease C. split D. divide

KEY TO WORD CHOICE

II. GRAMMAR AND STRUCTURES (05 pts)

Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.

1. I am in a favor of his proposal that a special committee ..............to examine the problem.

A. set up B. be set up C. will be set up has to be set up

2. A new generation of performers, ..............those who by now had become a household name, honed their skills before following the path onto television.

A. no less talented than B. along with talented as

C. together with talented as D. having been more talented than

3. I..............at the exam paper lying on Mr. Gregson’s desk, but I didn’t want to risk it.

A. could look B. can look C. can have looked D. could have looked

4. If I ..............hear from Nigel, I’ll tell him you were asking after him.

A. happened B. should happen to C. should to D. will happen to

5. They had ..............that it was invisible from the road.

A. so designed it B. designed it to be C. desgned it such as D. designed it like

6. Beacon Hill, ..............cobblestone streets, is one of boston’s most charming historical sections.

A. where Colonial brick houses line B. where Colonial brick lines houses C. Colonial brick houses line where D. houses where Colonial brick lining

7. In the Eastern part of New Jersey .............. , a major shipping and manufacturing center.

A. lies the city of Eliaebeth B. the city of Elizabeth lies there

C. around the city of Elizabeth lies D. there lies the city of Elizabeth around

8. Although most of algae are predominantly single-celled, those masked with brown and red pigments ..............multicellular.

A. for B. the C. are D. when

9. The growth of psychobiology owes ..............to major conceptual advances in the way people think about the brain.

A. much B. as much as C. much which D. there is so much

10. Owning and living in a freestanding house is a goal of young adults, ..............earlier generations.

A. as did B. as it was of C. like that of D. so have

KEY TO GRAMMAR AND STUCTURES

III. PHRASAL VERBS AND PREPOSITIONS (05 pts)

Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.

1. I was sitting in a train looking out of the window, when my mind suddenly ..............back to that amazing trip we made to India.

A. put B. flashed C. stirred D. associated

2. Roberto should try not to let his regrets for what he has done ..............away at him.

A. come B. eat C. stick D. flood

3. The class went to see the performance of Macbeth because it ..............in well with the project they were doing on Scottish history.

A. crammed B. stood C. tied D. booked

4. Morag is very good at ..............off the teacher in her school.

A. sending B. calling C. taking D. putting

5. Why don’t you get your homework ..............with so you can enjoy the rest of the evening?

A. around B. over C. by D. away

6. She hasn’t spoken German for over a year and I think she wants to blush.............. a few things.

A. out in B. on with C. up on D. over on

7. I’d been cooped ..............in my office all morning so I went out for a walk and a spot of fresh air.

A. over B. by C. down D. up

8. As their bookshop wasn’t doing well, they decided to branch ..............and sell compact discs and cassettes as well.

A. out B. over C. down on D. out for

9. The door burst open and his mother barged ............... “I thought so”, she said. “You’re not doing your homework.”

A. into B. in C. on D. along

10. Polynesia. The very name conjures ..............images of sundrenched beaches and warm turquoise seas.

A. out B. up C. over D. in

KEY TO PHRASAL VERBS AND PREPOSITIONS

IV. COLLOCATIONS AND IDIOMS(05 pts)

Choose the best option to complete the following sentences.

1. When asked about his own party’s transport policies, the candidates.............. asideswipe at his opponent by mentioning the recent rail strikes.

A. made B. did C. took D. gave

2. The threat of redundancy is ..............over everyone at the factory.

A. hanging B. holding C. keeping D. swinging

3. I hope you didn’t ..............exception to any of my comments.

A. find B. take C. make D. put

4. I wish he wouldn’t make such unkind and.............. remarks.

A. lapse B. disparaging C. inconsolable D. rough

5. I always use mnemonics to help me recall important ..............of information.

A. spots B. objects C. items D. stuff

6. We ..............all the different ways of getting home before eventually deciding to fly.

A. exploded B. exploited C. explicated D. explored

7. It is a good idea to divide a task up into ..............chunks.

A. portable B. manageable C. edible D. thinkable

8. I know you have a good voice and have ambitions to be an opera singer but don’t give up your day.............. yet.

A. situation B. work C. job D. place

9. Breaking his leg dealt a ..............to his chances of becoming a professional footballer.

A. thump B. strike C. hit D. blow

10. Harry blew a .............. when his holiday was cancelled.

A. switch B. fuse C. plug D. socket

KEY TO COLLOCATIONS AND IDIOMS

V. READING COMPREHENSION (10 pts)

Read the text below and choose the best answer to each question.

READING PASSAGE 1:

Demographic transition

Historically, as countries have developed industrially, they have undergone declines in death rates following by declines in birth rates. Over time they have tended to move from rapid increases in population to slower increases, then to zero growth and finally to population decreases. The model which demographers use to help explain these changes in population growth is known as the demographic transition model. In order to properly appreciate the demographic transition model, it is necessary to understand two basic concepts: the crude birth rate (CBR) and the crude death rate (CDR). The CBR is determined by taking the number of births in a country in a given year and dividing it by the total population of the country and then multiplying the answer by one thousand. So, for example, the CBR of the United States in 2004 was 14 (in other words, there were 14 births per thousand living people in that year). CDR is worked out in a similar way. The CDR for the United States in 2004 was 8 per thousand.

The first stage of the demographic transition model portrays a preindustrial era when both the birth rate and the death rate were high. Typically, women gave birth to a large number of babies. This was partly due to cultural and religious pressures but also because families required a large number of children, since often many didn’t survive into adulthood due to the harsh living conditions. Furthermore, children were needed to help adults work the land or perform other chores. The death rate was high due to the high incidence of diseases and famine and also because of poor hygiene. Total population tended to fluctuate due to occasional epidemics, but overall there was only a very gradual long-term increase during this stage.

During the second stage, improvements in hygiene, medical care, and food production led to a decrease in the death rate in newly industrializing regions of Western Europe. However, birth rates remained high due to tradition and because many people were involved in agrarian occupations. The combination of a lowered CDR and a stable CBR led to dramatic increases in population starting at the beginning of the nineteenth century.

In stage three, birth rates also began to fall. In cities there was less incentive to produce large numbers of children, since city dwellers no longer worked the land, and the cost of raising children in an urban environment was greater than in rural districts. Furthermore, more children survived into adulthood due to improved living conditions. The economic pressures led to a lower CBR and over time the numbers of people being born started to approximate the numbers dying.

The final stage, which some demographers have called the postindustrial stage, occurs when birth rates and death rates are about equal. In this case there is zero natural population growth. Over time the birth rate may fall below the death rate, and without immigration the total population may slowly decreases. By the early twenty-first century, several European countries were experiencing population declines due to the CDR outstripping the CBR. For example, in Italy in 2004 there were about 9 births per thousand against 10 deaths per thousand.

The demographic transition took about 200 years to complete in Europe. Many developing countries are still in stage two of the demographic transition model: births far outstrip deaths. In these countries, CDR has declined due to improvements in sanitation and increases in food productivity, but the birth rate has still not adjusted downward to the new realities of improved living conditions. This imbalance of births over deaths in the developing world is the fundamental reason for the dramatic population explosion in the latter half of the twentieth century. However, population statistics indicate that in many less developed countries the CBRs have begun to decline over recent decades, giving rise to optimism in some quarters about future trends. The rapid industrialization of many parts of the developing world has meant that these countries have reached stage three of the model much faster than countries in the developed world did during the nineteenth century. This fact has led many demographers to predict that world population will reach an equilibrium level sooner and at a lower total than more pessimistic earlier predictions.

1. The word “it” in the passage refers to

A. population B. year C. country D. number

2. According to the paragraph 1, what is useful about the demographic transition model?

A. It helps explain trends in population growth over time.

B. It can be used to measure birth and death rates.

C. It clarifies the causes of population increase.

D. It predicts the relative speed of population patterns.

3. The word “portrays” in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. suggests B. represents C. transmits D. associates

4.In paragraph 2, which of the following is NOT mentioned as relevant to the high birth rates in the preindustrial stage?

A. The high level of childhood deaths

B. The need for help in work situation

C. The pressures of tradition

D. The high rate of maternal deaths

5.What can be inferred from paragraph 2 about eh effect of epidemic diseases on population during the preindustrial stage?

A. They tended to dramatically lower the population growth.

B. They caused the population to decline temporarily.

C. They reduced overall population significantly.

D. They led to sudden overall increases in the birth rate.

6. The word “agrarian” in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. basic B. menial C. farming D. village

7.According to paragraph 4, what was one of the main causes of the drop in birth rates?

A. The improvements in hygiene

B. The lack of agricultural work

C. The development of urbanization

D. The superior environment

8. The word “equilibrium” in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. economic B. stable C. variable D. fixed

9. According to paragraph 6, what is at the root of the huge population increases during the twentieth century?

A. The improvements in health throughout the developing world

B. The fact that birth rates are increasing in many countries

C. The lack of resources in many developing countries

D. The failure of the CDR to respond to economic pressures

10.Why does the author mention the optimism felt in some quarters about future population trends?

A. To introduce the fact that birth rates in some developing countries may be declining faster than anticipated

B. To emphasize that most researchers have taken a pessimistic view of population expansion

C. To show that the demographic transition is a valid model of population trends

D. To suggest that some countries have worked hard at reducing birth rates

READING PASSAGE 2:

The word ‘laser’ was coined as an acronym for Light Amplification by the Stimulated Emission of Radiation. Ordinary light, from the Sun or a light bulb, is emitted spontaneously, when atoms or molecules get rid of excess energy by themselves, without any outside intervention. Stimulated emission is different because it occurs when an atom or molecule holding onto excess energy has been stimulated to emit it as light.

Albert Einstein was to first to suggest the existence of stimulated emission in a paper published in 1917. However, for many years physicists thought that atoms and molecules always were much more likely to emit light spontaneously and that stimulated emission thus always would be much weaker. It was not until after the Second World War that physicists began trying to make stimulated emission dominate. They sought ways by which one atom or molecule could stimulate many others to emit light, amplifying it to much higher powers.

The first to succeed was Charles H. Townes, then at Columbia University in New York. Instead of working with light, however, he worked with microwaves, which have a much longer wavelength, and built a device he called a ‘maser’, for Microwave Amplification by the Stimulated Emission of Radiation. Although he thought of the key idea in 1951, the first maser was not completed until a couple of years later. Before long, many other physicists were building masers and trying to discover how to produce stimulated emission at even shorter wavelengths.

The key concepts emerged about 1957. Townes and Arthur Schawlow, then at Bell Telephone Laboratories, wrote a long paper outlining the conditions needed to amplify stimulated emission of visible light waves. At about the same time, similar ideas crystallized in the mind of Gordon Gould, then a 37-year-old graduate student at Colombia, who wrote them down in a series of notebooks. Townes and Schawlow published their ideas in a scientific journal, physical Review Letters, but Gould filed a patent application. Three decades later, people still argue about who deserves the credit for the concept of the laser.

1. The word ‘coined’ in paragraph 1 can best be replaced by

1. created B. mentioned C. understood D. discovered

2. The word ‘intervention’ in paragraph 1 can best be replaced by

1. need B. device C. influence D. source

3. The word ‘it’ in paragraph 1 can best be replaced by

1. light bulb B. energy C. molecule D. atom

4. Which of the following statements best describes a laser?

1. A device for stimulating atoms and molecules to emit light
2. An atom in a high-energy state
3. A technique for destroying atoms or molecules
4. An instrument for measuring light waves

5. Why was Townes’ early work with stimulated emission done with microwaves?

1. He was not concerned with light amplification.
2. It was easier to work with longer wavelengths.
3. His partner Schawlow had already begun work on the laser.
4. The laser had already been developed.

6. In his research at Colombia University, Charles Townes worked with all of the following EXCEPT

1. stimulated emission
2. microwaves
3. light amplification
4. a maser

7. In approximately what year was the first maser built?

1. 1917 B. 1951 C.1953 D. 1957

8. The word ‘emerged’ in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to

1. increased B. concluded C. succeeded D. appeared

9. The word ‘outlining’ in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to

1. assigning B. studying C. checking D. summarizing

10. Why do people still argue about who deserves the credit for the concept of the laser?

1. The researchers’ notebooks were lost.
2. Several people were developing the idea at the same time.
3. No one claimed credit for the development until recently.
4. The work is still in complete.

KEY TO READING 1

KEY TO READING 2

VI. GUIDED CLOZE TEST(10 pts)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word for each of the blanks.

GUIDED CLOZE 1

The knowledge and eloquence that people gain through travelling is usually perceived as the best ________ in life. It is the inquisitive human nature that impels people to seek (2)______ experiences and to set out on an exploration trip. Those who travel frequently and to diverse places benefit from establishing new relationships and (3)________a better knowledge about other cultures and lifestyles. However, there is a grain of truth in the assumption that people are prone to (4)________ cliché and unfounded prejudices about other nations and their characteristics. Sometimes, it is only the first-hand encounter that can help change the (5)________ towards the so-called “inferior communities”. This direct contact with a different civilization enables travelers to (6)_________ their baseless assumptions and get (7) _________ with the real concept of life in all four corners of the globe. Beyond question, travelling (8)__________ friendship and makes it easier for many individuals to acknowledge the true value of different traditions and customs. Yet, it does not always mean enjoyment. It may also (9)_________coming close with the atrocities of real existence as well as becoming aware of the challenges and hardships that other people have to struggle with. Hence, a true voyage is the one with a good deal of experience to (10) _________ about, very often combined with exposure to abhorrent sights and incredible ordeals. The learning to be complete, thus, requires an ability to observe and analyze the surroundings, both their glamour and brutality.

1. A. completion B. fulfillment C. conclusion D. resolution
2. A. irritating B. bewildering C. delighting D. thrilling
3. A. acquiring B. educating C. learning D. studying
4. A. preserving B. cherishing C. indulging D. persisting
5. A. prejudice B. manner C. outlook D. approach
6. A. drop B. cease C. fail D. quit
7. A. informed B. realized C. acquainted D. defined
8. A. facilitates B. affords C. effects D. influences
9. A. involve B. derive C. consist D. enclose
10. A. commemorate B. reminisce C. resemble D. remind

KEY TO GUIDED CLOZE 1

GUIDED CLOZE 2

A new threat to our health seems to have arisen in our midst, confusion and stress caused by technology. All you need to do to (1)_________ this to yourself is to telephone a large company ; a recorded voice will offer you a bewildering list of choices, and when you have finished answering its questions, you will probably be (2)_________to several minutes of piped music before you eventually make (3)_________ with a human being. But the stress you undergo as a result is negligible compared to the impression the telegraph (4)_________ on people 150 years ago. Until then, messages could only travel as fast as a messenger could carry them. But now they could be sent great distances in seconds. Before long, submarine cables were (5)_________ across the oceans, and thirty years later, the network reached 20,000 towns around the world. When the first transatlantic cable was completed in 1858, the Queen and the President exchanged messages, preachers found (6)_________ for it in the Bible , and the New York jewelers, Tiffany’s , bought unused pieces of the cable and sold them as souvenirs. But then, as now, everyone was not (7)_________of the technological advantages .

Information arrived so quickly, often (8)_________ what had previously been transmitted , that businessmen had to work much harder to (9)_________ up with developments. They arrived home tired and stressed. If we find difficulty with the Internet, which is technological evolution, not revolution, our (10)_________ had afar harder task in getting used to the invention in the first place.

1. A. confirmed B. prove C. show D. test
2. A. oppressed B. subdued C. subjected D. submitted
3. A. collision B. connection C. communication D. contact
4. A. did B. got C. made D. worked
5. A. laid B. lain C. put D. set
6. A. apology B. argument C. excuse D. justification
7. A. believed B. convinced C. pleased D. satisfied
8. A. contradicting B. differing C. disagreeing D. objecting
9. A. keep B. maintain C. remain D. stay
10. A. ancestors B. elders C. fathers D. forerunners

KEY TO GUIDED CLOZE 2

B. WRITTEN TEST (70 pts)

I. OPEN CLOZE TEST(20 pts)

Fill in each blank in the following passages with ONE suitable word.

OPEN CLOZE 1

SKATEBOARD

Some sports or activities have traditionally been (1) _______ with people, even though it is not always clear why. Skateboarders, for instance, are expected to (2) _______ teenagers wearing clothes four sizes too big for them. When you come to think of it, there’s (3) _______ practical reason why people over the age of 21 shouldn’t take up the sport.

Skateboarding involves a certain (4) _______ of falling off the board, (4) _______ can of course be painful, but this also (6) _______ to other sports like skiing or surfing. Sports should not be restricted to teenagers. There is (7) _______ wrong with a grown - up gliding down the road on his or her board.

At the same time, I must confess that I (8) _______ a certain sympathy for my niece Emily when her father, my older brother Tom, announced that he was going skateboarding with her. At the age of 14 you are very conscious of what other people think of you. She knew all her friends would laugh at her if she arrived for the regular Saturday morning skateboarding sessions in the local park with her dad.

Emily felt (9) _______ embarrassment would be more than she could bear, so she kindly asked her father ifhe could go skateboarding somewhere else. Tom realized how embarrassed Emily must felt and (10) _______ out laughing.

OPEN CLOZE 2 (10 pts)

THE SAHARA MARATHON

One of the most amazing marathon races in the world is the Marathon of the Sands. It takes place every April in the Sahara Desert in the south of Morocco, a part of the world where temperatures can (1) ________ fifty degrees centigrade. The standard length of a marathon is 42.5 kilometres but this one is 240 kilometres long and takes seven days to complete.

It began in 1986 and now attracts about two hundred runners, the majority of (2) ________ ages range from seventeen to forty-seven. About half of them come from France and the rest from all over the world. From Britain it costs £2,500 to enter, which includes return air fares. The race is rapidly becoming more and more popular (3) ________, or perhaps because of, the harsh conditions that runners must endure. They have to carry food and anything else they need for seven days in a rucksack (4) ________ no more than twelve kilograms. (5) ________ this, they are given a litre and a half of water every ten kilometres.

Incredibly, nearly all the runners finish the (6) ________. One man, Ibrahim El Journal, took part in (7) ________ race from 1986 to 2004. Runners (8) ________ suffer terrible physical hardships. Sometimes they lose toenails and skin peels (9) ________ their feet. However, doctors are always on hand to deal with minor injuries and to make sure that runners do not push (10) ________ too far.

KEY TO OPEN CLOZE 1

KEY TO OPEN CLOZE 2

II. WORD FORMATION(20 pts)

WORD FORMATION 1

Complete the following sentences with the correct forms of the words given in parentheses.

1. It was a _______ minor accident but tragically, one of the two drivers died. (SEEM)
2. I was a bit _______ by my performance in the first exam, but I decided to make extra efforts in the one left. (MORAL)
3. Some snakes are _______ in the natural world but actually they are not fearsome predators, and are harmless to humans. (FRIGHT)
4. The study showed a significant _______ between baby's sleeping position and the risk of cot death. (RELATE)
5. The control centre is deep undergrounded and completely _______ except by a direct hit from a nuclear missile. (DESTROY)
6. A crowd of curious _______ soon gathered to see what was happening. (LOOK)
7. In Scotland there is greater emphasis on _______ by individual school. (VALUE)
8. Vietnam has depended heavily on foreign _______ organizations to train teachers. (GOVERN)
9. Like their wild cousins, house cats _______ have streamlined bodies, classically shaped skulls, elongated tails and specially evolved teeth and claws. (CHARACTER)
10. These policies could cause severe economic and social _______. (LOCATE)

WORD FORMATION 2

Complete the passage with the appropriate forms from the words given in the box.

Youngsters in their teens or even earlier sometimes (1)______ film stars or other celebrities with a kind of blind, devoted (2)______ . The objects of such adoration are regarded as gods by their (3) ______ worshippers. How sad that such devotion is almost always (4) ______ (though pop-stars have been known to marry their fans).

Young people also sometimes develop an (5) ______ obsession for another, often older, person that is not an adult, mature feeling but simply a youthful infatuation. At parties a boy may (6) ______ try to attract a girl, or vice versa, without intending any serious, lasting relationship. This is just a flirtation. A relationship which gives deep and lasting happiness to both partners must not be (7)______ (felt more strongly by one of the pair than by the other). It should be based on a (8)______ love and respect, felt equally by each of the two. Of course it can take many forms. It might be very deep but entail no physical desire, in which case it is described as (9)______ . Certainly, for any relationship to be stable, the two people involved must be compatible. This does not necessarily mean that they must have attitudes and interests in common, for (10) ______ of opposites can work very well. The different characters of the two people somehow complement each other.

KEY TO WORD FORMATION 1

KEY TO WORD FORMATION 2

III. ERROR CORRECTION (10 pts)

Read the text, find the10 mistakes and correct them. You should indicate in which line the mistake is.

IV. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION (20 pts)

Rewrite the following sentences with the given words or beginning in such a way that their meanings remain unchanged. You MUST NOT change the given words in any way.

1. No one listened to what the politician was saying last night. (EARS) __________________________________________________________________________

2. His father was very angry with him when he heard he had damaged the car. (BLEW) __________________________________________________________________________

3. Winning the lottery has its good and bad points. (BLESSING) __________________________________________________________________________

4. He’s a pleasant man socially but he is a tough businessman. (BARGAIN)

__________________________________________________________________________

5. Sharon and I are not speaking to each other. (TERMS)

___________________________________________________________________________

6. In my opinion, it was an absolute miracle that they survived the accident.

The fact that they survived the accident was___________________________, in my opinion.

7. When do you think this bridge was built?

How ____________________________________________________________bridge is?

8. Rita doesn’t realize how serious her husband’s operation is going to be.

Little ___________________________________________________________ going to be.

9. Tim insisted on being told the complete story.

Nothing _______________________________________________________________Tim.

10. I don’t really like her, even though I admire her achievements.

Much __________________________________________________________________ her.

KEY TO SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION

1. What the politician was saying last night fell on deaf ears.
2. His father blew up at him when he heard he had damaged the car.
3. Winning the lottery has definitely been a missed blessing.
4. He’s a pleasant man socially but he drives a hard bargain in business.
5. Sharon and I are not on speaking terms with each other.
6. nothing short of miraculous / a miracle
7. old do you think this bridge is?
8. does Rita realize how serious her husband’s operation is
9. but the complete story would satisfy
10. as I admire her achievements, I don’t really like

002

KỲ THI OLYMPIC TRUYỀN THỐNG 30 - 4 LẦN THỨ 24

ĐỀ THI ĐỀ NGHỊ MÔN: TIẾNG ANH; LỚP: 10

I. MULTIPLE CHOICE (40 pts)

1. WORD CHOICE (10 pts)

Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.

1. I always take my lucky _________with me into an exam.

A. sign B. item C. charm D. spell

2. I didn’t know my guess was going to be right – It was just __________

A. pot luck B. odds C. draw D. gamble

3. Why are all your clothes in a __________on the floor?

A. bulk B. heap C. batch D. sum

4. Sending out e-mails that people haven’t asked for to ______addresses is often known.

A. sufficient B. countless C. widespread D. multiple

5. We all have to follow the rules, and none of us is ________ the law.

A. beyond B. over C. above D. onto

6. We are pleased to inform you that we have decided to _________your request for British citizenship.

A. give B. grant C. permit D. donate

7. We can only _______ as to the causes of the disaster.

A. think B. consider C. speculate D. ponder

8. I didn’t _________out to be a millionaire – I just wanted to run a successful business.

A. set B. go C. begin D. watch

9. I’m not sure if I’m doing it right, but I’ll try to ___________ahead with it anyway.

A. drive B. bang C. touch D. press

10. Could you lend me some money to _____________ me over to the end of the month?

A. hand B. tide C. get D. make

KEY TO WORD CHOICE

2. STRUCTURE AND GRAMMAR (10pts)

1. I supposed, as ______ we all, that the meeting would be cancelled.

A. just B. would C. equally D. did

2. A study has been made of the microbiology of rock surfaces and ___________ stones.

A. weathered B. rugged C. jagged D. rough

3. Well, it _____ but will it taste the same?

A. is smelling good B. is smelling well

C. smells good D. smells well

4. You _____ in this report to the managing director personally. Do you understand?

A. are to hand B. would like to hand

C. may have handed D. would sooner hand

5. _____________________ up early, he would have caught the early train.

A. Were he to get B. If he got

C. Had he not got D. Were he to have got

6. You should be very glad that Bob didn’t recognize you that night. Can you imagine his fury if he _____?

A. had B. did C. did not D. would have

7. The research suggests that infants ____________ highly susceptible to allergy at the first 3 months.

A. should be B. are C. will be D. being

8. When reaching the top of the hill, _________.

A. we suddenly caught sight of the sea B. it was the sea that extended below us

C. we extended the sea below us D. the sea came into view

9. Consumers should boycott all products _____ has involved the use of child labour.

A. who manufacture B. whose manufacturers

C. which manufacture D. whose manufacture

10. Such _____ that the firefighters could not get near it.

A. hot was the fire B. the fire was hot

C. the heat was of the fire D. was the heat of the fire

KEY TO GRAMMAR & STRUCTURES

3. PREPOSITIONS AND PHRASAL VERBS (10pts)

1. I just want to settle _____ and start a family before I got too old.

A. in B. through C. down D. up

2. She spent twenty years studying the history of London. She knows it _____ out.

A. through B. inside C. all D. over

3. Capital punishment was done ____ in Britain nearly half a century ago.

A. out for B. away with C. off by D. over from

4. He wants to pay the bill himself, but I won’t hear _________ it.

A. from B. about C. of D. for

5. This situation is analogous _____ the one we had faced last year.

A. for B. in C. from D. to

6. When John was arrested for drunken driving, he expected to lose his driving license, but he was _____ with a fine.

A. let through B. let off C. got away D. kept away

7. My wife checks ___________ our elderly neighbour every few days to make sure that he's alright.

A. on B. in C. at D. out

8. The rain ran _____ the roof of the house.

A. on B. onto C. from D. into

9. You may come _____ different kinds of problems when you first settle in a different country.

A. out with B. into C. up with D. up against

10. A Japanese company tried to ____________ the deal.

A. get in on B. get on with C. catch up on D. walk in on

KEY TO PREPOSITIONS AND PHRASAL VERBS

4. IDIOMS & COLLOCATIONS (10pts)

Choose the right phrase in the box to complete each of the following sentences. Use each phrase only ONCE and write your answer in the numbered box.

1. I’m sick and _______ of studying grammar.

A. cross B. ill C. tired D. bored

2. No, I don’t want to watch a war film. I don’t like to see too much blood and ______.

A. guts B. tears C. pain D. bone

3. Mice ________!

A. give me creeps B. give me the creep

C. give me the creeps D. give me creep

4. When his parents are away, his eldest brother ___.

A. knocks it off B. calls the shots C. draws the line D. is in the same boat

5. I will do everything in my ___________ to rescue the victims.

A. ability B. power C. mind D. effort

6. Be careful or he'll take you for a _________.

A. trick B. cheat C. fraud D. ride

7. Just because Laura makes a lot of money, everyone expects her to _____ all the bills.

A. foot B. stand C. run D. carry

8. My sister told me to pack some trousers and shirts for the trip, _________, not to forget my toothbrush.

A. after all B. but more or less C. before long D. but above all

9. His English was roughly _____ with my Greek, so communication was rather difficult!

A. level B. on a par C. equal D. in tune

10. I didn’t want to make a decision _____ so I said I’d like to think about it.

A. on and off B. in one go C. there and then D. at a stroke

KEY TO IDIOMS & COLLOCATIONS

5. READING COMPREHENSION (20pts)

Reading 1: Read the following passage and choose the best answer

Maginot Line

The Maginot Line was one of the largest military structures ever built, second only to the Great Wall of China. It was a series of bunkers, forts, turrets, and obstacles that spanned more than 450 miles of France's border with Germany. Built between 1930 and 1940, it was one of the world's most impressive forts, yet it proved to be almost useless.

The Maginot Line was named after the man who argued for its construction, French Minister of War André Maginot.  André Maginot had fought with the French against the Germans in the First World War. Much of this conflict took place along the Western Front, which was a line of trenches across which the two sides faced one another.  Both sides dug in deep and each lost many men over little ground. Conditions were horrid for all and there was a stalemate for many years as neither side was able to move the other.

Maginot never forgot these awful conditions. He wanted to build a line of defenses that would give the French an advantage in a similar conflict. He feared, rightfully so, that the Germans would attack France again. Germany's population nearly doubled France's. The line of defenses that Maginot pictured would allow a smaller French army to hold off a larger German force. In 1929, Maginot convinced the French Parliament to fund his vision.

Though calling it a line makes it seem thin, the Maginot Line was in fact quite deep. It was fifteen miles wide at some points and varied in structure. There were outposts disguised as houses. These were manned by troops and rigged with explosives. There were antitank rails and obstacles. These were planted in the ground to prevent tanks and trucks from passing. There were bunkers armed with mounted machine guns and anti-tank guns. These were for pushing back attackers. And there were many large and small fortresses along the line. Each had mess halls, lots of supplies, and air conditioning. The Maginot line would give the French a supreme edge in the case of a head-on invasion by the Germans.  

Unfortunately for the French, the Germans did not attack head-on. They positioned a decoy army in front of the line to distract the French. While the French waited, the Germans snuck a larger force through Belgium. Belgium is France's northeastern neighbor. The French did have some defenses along their border with Belgium, but this part of the Maginot line was weak. The Germans made quick work of these defenses. Within five days of their initial attack they were well into France.

Once they were in France, the Germans attempted to seize the main forts along the Maginot Line. They were not successful. The forts had proved to be strong, but they failed to hold back the Germans. The Germans had taken Paris, France's capital city. Soon after the French commander ordered his men to stand down. He commanded the French defenders to leave their bases along the Maginot Line. These soldiers were then taken to POW camps.

While the Maginot Line did not work in the way that the French had hoped, they did benefit by having built it. Belgium and England were strong allies. England had pledged to protect Belgium. Belgium declared itself a neutral country, one which wanted to stay out of wars. When Germany invaded Belgium to bypass the Maginot Line, they violated Belgium's neutrality. This led to England entering the war sooner.

Though the Maginot Line is no longer used militarily, many of the buildings remain. Some of the forts are now wine cellars or mushroom farms. One was turned into a disco club. Today the Maginot Line is often used as a metaphor. People may refer to a failed project in which someone placed a lot of hope as a Maginot Line. Also, the Maginot Line lives on as the best-known symbol of the common saying that "generals always fight the last war."

1. Which of the following statements is true?

A. The Maginot Line provided absolutely no benefit to the French.

B. The Maginot Line is still used by the French army today.

C. Maginot's experiences during WWI led to his support for the line.

D. The French were betrayed by the Belgians during World War II.

2. Which best expresses the author's purpose in writing the fourth paragraph?

A. To persuade readers that the Maginot Line was not at all thin.

B. To inform readers of the types of defenses along the Maginot Line.

C. To describe what the inside of the Maginot Line looked like.

D. To compare and contrast defenses along the Maginot Line.

3. Which best describes the weakness of the Maginot Line?

A. It was built from cheap material and could not resist attack.

B. Poor screening let spies take control of the forts from within.

C. The line was not fortified along France's border with Belgium.

D. The French underestimated the power of newer German tanks.

4. Which of the following is a false statement?

A. André Maginot fought against the French in the First World War.

B. André Maginot served as the Minister of War for France.

C.  The Maginot Line is named after André Maginot.

D.  After WWI, André Maginot believed that Germany would attack France again.

5. Which best explains why André Maginot wanted to build up France's defense rather than their offense?

A. After WWI, France and Germany became history's greatest allies.

B. France needed protection from the Germans and the hostile Belgians.

C. Maginot feared that French commanders might invade Germany if they had the power.

D. France had far fewer people than Germany and needed to save manpower.

6. Which best defines the meaning of the word stalemate as it is used in the second paragraph?

A. When troops lose morale because they miss their families

B. When two sides are locked in a draw

C. When breathing is made difficult by foul odors

D. When one side has a large advantage over the other

7. Which best expresses the main idea of the last paragraph of this text?

A. It describes how the Maginot Line is still used today.

B. It restates the main points of the text.

C. It discusses how the French used the Maginot Line during World War II.

D. It explains how the Maginot Line is used as a symbol.

8. How did the French lose control of the Maginot Line?

A. The Germans overtook the fortresses with military power.

B. The Germans tunneled into the fortresses using new technology.

C. The French were starved out of the fortresses by German siege.

D. The French surrendered the fortresses.

9. Which was NOT part of Germany's strategy to invade France in World War II?

A. Position a decoy force in front of the Maginot Line

B. Sneak troops into France by tunneling underneath the Maginot Line

C. Bring a large army through Belgium

D. Move very quickly

10. Which title best expresses the main idea of this text?

A. Undefeatable: How the Maginot Line Became the World's Strongest Fortress

B. André Maginot: France's Greatest Patriot

C. Strong as the Weakest Link: The Mighty Maginot Wall and Its Shortcomings

D. Blood Feud: The History of War Between France and Germany

KEY TO READING 1

Reading 2: Read the following passage and choose the best answer

MODERN SURGERY

The need for a surgical operation, especially an emergency operation, almost always comes as a severe shock to the patient and his family. Despite modern advances, most people still have an irrational fear of hospitals and anesthetics. Patients do not often believe they really need surgery - cutting into a part of the body as opposed to treatment with drugs.

In the early years of the twentieth century there was little specialisation in surgery. A good surgeon was capable of performing almost every operation that had been devised up to that time. Today the situation is different. Operations are now being carried out that were not even dreamed of 60 years ago. The heart can be safely opened and its valves repaired. Clogged blood vessels can be cleaned out, and broken ones mended or replaced. A lung, the whole stomach, or even part of the brain can be removed and still permit the patient to live a comfortable and satisfactory life. However, not every surgeon wants to, or is qualified to carry out every type of modern operation.

The scope of surgery has increased remarkably. Its safety has increased too. The hospital stay after surgery has been shortened to as little as a week for most major operations.

Many developments in modern surgery are almost incredible. They include the replacement of damaged blood vessels with stimulated ones made of plastic; the replacement of heart valves with plastic substitutes; the transplanting of tissues such as the lens of the eye; the invention of the artificial kidney to clean the blood of poisons at regular intervals and the development of heart and lung machines to keep patients alive during very long operations. All these things open a hopeful vista for the future of surgery.

One of the most revolutionary areas of modem surgery is that of organ transplants. Until a few years ago, no person, except an identical twin, was able to accept into his body the tissues of another person without reacting against them and eventually killing them. Recently, however, it has been discovered that with the use of x-rays and special drugs, it is possible to graft tissues from one person to another which will survive for periods of a year or more. Kidney’s have been successfully transplanted between non-identical twins. Heart and lung transplants have been reasonably successful in animals, though rejection problems in humans have yet to be solved.

‘Spare parts’ surgery, the simple routine replacement of all worn-out organs by new ones, is still a dream of the distant future. As yet, surgery is not ready for such miracles. In the meantime, you can be happy if your doctor says to you. ‘Yes, I think it is possible to operate on you for this condition.’

- vista (n) /ˈvɪstə/ (nghĩa bóng) viễn cảnh, viễn tượng, triển vọng

1. Most people are afraid of being operated on _______

A. in spite of improvements in modern surgery

B. because they think modern drugs are dangerous

C. because they do not believe they need anesthetics

D. unless it is an emergency operation

2. Surgeons in the early years of the 20 century, compared with modern ones, _______

A. had less to learn about surgery

B. needed more knowledge

C. could perform every operation known today

D. were more trusted by their patients

3. Open heart surgery has been possible _______

A. only in the last sixty years

B. from prehistoric times

C. since the nineteenth century

D. since the invention of valves

4.: A patient can still live a comfortable and satisfactory life, even after the removal of _______

A. his brain

B. his lungs

C. a major organ such as the stomach or one lung

D. part of the stomach or the whole liver

5. Modern surgeons _______

A. do not like to perform operations of the new type

B. are not as highly qualified as the older ones

C. are obliged to specialise more than their predecessors

D. often perform operations which are not really needed

6. The word irrational in the passage can best be replaced by _______

A. logical B. understandable C. unreasonable D. unusual

7. Some of the more astonishing innovations in modern surgery include _______

A. ear, nose and throat transplants B. valveless plastic hearts

C. leg transplants D. plastic heart valves

8. The main difficulty with organ transplants is _______

A. it is difficult to find organs of exactly the same size

B. the body’s tendency to reject alien tissues

C. only identical twins can give permission for their organs to be exchanged

D. the patient is not allowed to use drugs after them

9. ‘Spare parts’ surgery _______

A. will be available in the near future

B. is only possible for animals

C. has been replaced by modern drug treatments

D. has yet to become a reality

10. You can be happy if your surgeon can operate because it means _______

A. he thinks your condition may be curable

B. he is a good doctor

C. he knows you will survive

D. you are getting better already

KEY TO READING 2

6. CLOZE TEST: (20 pts)

Cloze test 1: Read the following passage, and choose the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase for each of the blanks

In the United States, an encounter with summer’s most annoying pest - the mosquito - is trouble enough, but in many parts of the world, it can be (1) _____ . Malaria infects 300 to 500 million people every year and kills nearly 3 million, (2) _____ 1 million children. A single mosquito bite can (3) _____ the disease, which causes fever, chills, nausea and, in some (4) _____, death. This disease, which was eradicated in the United States during the 1950s, is one of the world’s biggest killers of children.

The greatest problem impeding the struggle against malaria is the rise of resistance (5) _____ the drugs that treat the disease. In many parts of the world, the drugs (6) _____ commonly used to treat malaria no (7) _____ work, and doctors are (8) _____ to more expensive alternatives - and in some countries (9) _____ these are failing to work. (10) _____ , countries that had previously seen a decline in malaria cases are now seeing a resurgence.

1. A. dead B. death C. deadly D. deathly

2. A. particularly B. including C. about D. even

3. A. spread B. emit C. contract D. catch

4. A. times B. occasions C. instants D. cases

5. A. for B. to C. with D. of

6. A. were B. which C. most D. least

7. A. longer B. sooner C. more D. further

8. A. using B. turning C. experimenting D. going

9. A. which B. where C. only D. even

10. A. Nonetheless B. As a result C. In short D. On balance

KEY TO CLOZE TEST 1:

Cloze test 2:

Read the following passage, and choose the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase for each of the blanks

The joys and tribulations of being a pet owner! During our lifetime most of us have some experience of either owning a pet or being in (1) ___________ contact with someone who does. Is there such a thing as “the ideal pet”? If so, what goes to make up the ideal pet? Various (2) __________ influence one’s choice of pet, from your reasons for getting a pet to your lifestyle. For example, although quite a few pets are relatively cheap to buy, the cost of (3) ___________ can be considerable. Everything must be (4) ____________ into account, from food and bedding, to vaccinations and veterinary bills. You must be prepared to (5) ______________ time on your pet, shopping for it, cleaning and feeding it. Pets can be demanding and a big responsibility. Are you prepared to exercise and housetrain an animal or do you prefer a more independent pet? How much (6) ___________ room do you have? Is it right to lock an energetic animal into a (7) ____________ space? Do you live near a busy road which may threaten the life of your pet? Pets (8) _____________ turtles and goldfish can be cheap and convenient, but if you prefer affection pets a friendly cat or dog would be more (9) _______________. People get pets for a number of reasons: for company, security or to teach responsibility, especially to children. Pets can be affectionate and loyal and an excellent source of company as long as you know what pet (10) _____________ you and your lifestyle.

- tribulation (n) /ˌtrɪbjuˈleɪʃn/ nỗi đau khổ, nỗi khổ cực; sự khổ não

1. A. near B. close C. narrow D. tight

2. A. measures B. elements C. factors D. points

3. A. upkeep B. maintenance C. upbringing D. raising

4. A. considered B. held C. taken D. kept

5. .A. take B. waste C. occupy D. spend

6. A. free B. spare C. empty D. vacant

7. A. confined B. detained C. reduced D. closed

8. A. so that B. as for C. as if D. such as

9. A. suited B. appropriate C. likely D. good

10. A. fits B. matches C. suits D. goes with

KEY TO CLOZE TEST 2:

II. WRITTEN TEST (70pts)

1. OPEN CLOZE TEST (20 points)

Open close test 1: Read the texts below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only one word in each space.

MARKETS

Most people in Britain and the US now buy their fresh food in supermarkets rather than traditional markets. But markets are still important (1) ______ the life of many cities and towns and in recent years farmers’ markets, where local farmers and others sell (2) _______ or home-made foods directly to the public, have grown in popularity.

In Britain, most markets are held in the open air, in town squares or market places. They usually take (3) ______ only on market day, the same day each week, and sometimes on Saturday, and the stalls are put (4) _______ for each occasion. Towns where markets have traditionally been held are called market towns. Many still have a market cross, indicating where the market was originally held, or an old market (5) ______ , a covered area open at the sides. Today, markets (6) _________ flowers, fruit and vegetables, fish and meat, clothes and household goods.

Some towns and cities in Britain and the US have a (7) _______ or indoor market. These markets are usually open more days of the week than outdoor markets and operate more like shops. Markets that sell cheap second-hand goods, (8) ______ clothes, jewellery and books are called flea markets. In the US, these are usually in buildings and open during normal shopping hours.

The word market is sometimes used in American English to (9) ______ to any food shop. A (10) _________ or superstore in both Britain and the US is a very large store or supermarket.

KEY TO OPEN CLOZE TEST 1

Open close test 2: Read the texts below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only one word in each space.

Face-to-face conversation is a (1) _________ process: you speak to me, I reply to you and so on. Two-way (2) ______ depends on having a coding system that is understood by both (3) ______ and receiver, and an agreed convention about signalling the beginning and end of the (4) ______ . In speech, the coding system is a language like English or Spanish; the convention that one person speaks at a time may seem too obvious to (5) ______. In fact, the signals that people use in conversations and meetings are often non-verbal. For example, lowering the pitch of the (6) ______ may mean the end of a sentence; a sharp intake of breath (7) ______ signal the desire to interrupt, catching the chairman’s (8) ______ may indicate the desire to speak in a formal setting (9) __________ a debate; a clenched fist may indicate anger. When these (10) ______ signals are not possible, more formal signals may be needed.

KEY TO OPEN CLOZE TEST 2

2. WORD FORMS (20pts)

Part 1: Complete the sentence with the correct form of the given word. (10 pts)

1. Scholarship and awards are usually given on the ______________. ( speech)

2. The legislation must be applied ___________ of someone's ethnic origins. (respect)

3. It is not possible for everyone to put their own ______________ on the law. (interpret)

4. Many people think that the famine was a result of the civil war, but it is _________. (truth)

5. You'll need to be a little more ____________ if you want to hold their attention to your writings. (imagine)

6. Andi has correctly ___________ the order of a pack of cards in just 31.16 seconds. (memory)

7. A ____________ is a person who writes a book, etc. for another person, under whose name it is then published. (write)

8. Don’t believe what they said. I think they are _________________ witnesses. (worth)

9. William Shakespeare is probably the most famous _______________ in history. ( play)

10. The novel was published and quickly became a (an) _____________. (sell)

11. Desert areas have little ________________. (vegetable)

12. Water will ________________ quickly in the hot weather. (vapour)

13. They used chemicals to clear the _______________. (block)

14. _____________ is a common problem during the draught. (arid)

15. Unfortunately, this level of output is ________________ . (sustain)

KEY TO WORD FORM Part 1

Part 2: Write the correct FORM of each bracketed word in the numbered space provided. (10 pts)

THE EFFECTS OF STRESS

There is a famous expression in English. “Stop the world, I want to get off!” This expression refers to a feeling of panic, or stress, that makes a person want to stop whatever they are doing, try to relax, and become calm again. “Stress” means pressure or (11) _________. It is one of the most common causes of health problems in modern life. Too much stress results in physical, (12) ___________, and mental health problems.

Stress can affect the heart. It can increase the pulse rate, make the heart miss beats, and can cause high blood pressure. Stress can affect the (13) __________ system. It can lead to asthma. It can cause a person to breathe too fast, resulting in a loss of important carbon dioxide. Stress can affect the stomach. It can cause stomach aches and problems (14) _________ food. These are only a few examples of the wide range of illnesses and symptoms resulting from stress.

Emotions are also easily affected by stress. People suffering from stress often feel (15) _______. They may have panic attacks. They may feel tired all the time. When people are under stress, they often (16) _________ to little problems. For example, a normally gentle parent under a lot of stress at work may yell at a child for dropping a glass of juice. Stress can make people angry, moody, or nervous.

(17) __________ stress can lead to a variety of serious mental illnesses. Depression, an extreme feeling of sadness and hopelessness, can be the result of continued and increasing stress. Alcoholism and other (18) ___________ often develop as a result of overuse of alcohol or drugs to try to relieve stress. Eating (19) _________, such as anorexia, are sometimes caused by stress and are often made worse by stress. If stress is allowed to continue, then one’s mental health is put at risk.

It is obvious that stress is a serious problem. It attacks the body. It affects the emotions. (20) _________, it may eventually result in mental illness. Stress has a great influence on the health and well-being of our bodies, our feelings, and our minds. Then, try to reduce stress: stop the world and rest for a while.

KEY TO WORD FORM Part 2

3. ERROR IDENTIFICATION (10pts)

Read the text below and find 10 words which should not be there. Underline the 10 words and correct them.

The Statue of Liberty is the famous statue that stands in Liberty Island in New York Harbour. At a height of 151 feet, it is extremely tall. The statue was a gift to the United States from the people of France, and over the years it has become a symbol of freedom. Many people think an American designed it, but it in fact created by a French artist, Frédéric Bartholdi.

The designer tried many designs and models, included children and animals, before he chose a female figure, wearing a gown and cloak, holding a torch high above his head. The statue’s body looks like a Greek goddess. In the early drawings, the statue’s face was going to look like the president’s wife, and Bartholdi decided to copy the face of Charlotte Beysser, Bartholdi’s mother.

Bartholdi decided to make the skin of copper sheets. This was a good choice because the workmen were able to lift and work with the sheets with no difficulty. He considered other cheaper metals but thought they might be so hard to work with because of its weight.

On October 28th 1886, the President of the United States opened the Statue of Liberty in a ceremony in front of a huge, exciting crowd. The President gave a long speech, and Bartholdi was asked to give one too but he refused because he was a shy man. A fireworks display was delayed to November 1^st because of poor weather, but the parade went ahead as planned.

KEY TO ERROR IDENTIFICATION

4. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION (20 pts)

A. Finish each of the following sentence in such a way that it is as similar as possible in meaning to the sentence printed before it

1. Whatever the methods used to obtain the result, drugs were definitely not involved.

→ There was no question ____________________________________________________

2. Those terrapins which survive their first year may live to be twenty.

→ Should _______________________________________________________________

3. You will have to give up the whole idea.

→ I have no ____________________________________________________________

4. He had a strong impulse to open the letter.

→ He couldn’t resist _______________________________________________________

5. It can be conclude from the research, heart diseases correlate with smoking.

→ The research shows a __________________________________________________

B. For each of the following sentences, write a new sentence as similar as possible in meaning to the original sentence, using the word given. This word must not be altered in any way.

6. The diplomat has been arrested because it is believed he has been spying for his government. (SUSPICION)

→ The diplomat ________________________________________________________

7. Tom’s presence at parties adds to everyone’s enjoyment. (SOUL).

→ Tom ___________________________________________________________parties.

8. They remained close friends, despite having had many differences. (FALLEN)

→ Though ____________________________________________________________

9. His colleague will do anything to avoid confrontation. (LENGTHS)

→ His colleague ______________________________________ to avoid confrontation

10. Fortunately his route took him very near where they lived. (LUCK)

→ As ________________________________________________________________

The end.002

KỲ THI OLYMPIC TRUYỀN THỐNG 30 - 4 LẦN THỨ 24

ĐỀ THI ĐỀ NGHỊ MÔN: TIẾNG ANH; LỚP: 10

I. MULTIPLE CHOICE (40 pts)

1. WORD CHOICE (10 pts)

2. STRUCTURE AND GRAMMAR (10pts)

3. PREPOSITIONS AND PHRASAL VERBS (10pts)

4. IDIOMS & COLLOCATIONS (10pts)

5. READING COMPREHENSION (20pts)

Reading 1: Read the following passage and choose the best answer

Reading 2: Read the following passage and choose the best answer