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UNIT 9: NATURAL DISASTERS

• 1. PHONETICS

1. Mark the stress on the correct syllable for the following words

Circle the word with a different stress pattern from the others.

• 1. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR

Write the names of the disasters on the line, then match them to the pictures.

tsunami

tornado

earthquake

drought

avalanche

mudslide

volcanic eruption typhoon

flood

wildfire

• 1. A sudden, violent shaking of the earth’s surface.
  2. Hot lava, ash and gases come up suddenly from below the earth’s surface through an opening of a mountain.
  3. A mass of snow, ice, and rock that falls down the side of a mountain.
  4. A large amount of wet earth that suddenly falls down a hill.
  5. A series of large ocean waves, usually caused by an underwater earthquake or a volcanic explosion.
  6. A violent tropical storm with very strong winds.
  7. A long period of time when there is little or no rain.
  8. A very strong wind that goes quickly round in a circle or funnel.
  9. A fire that starts in an area of countryside and spreads very quickly.
  10. A large amount of water covering an area that is usually dry.

Choose the correct answers.

• 1. The waves of the were so huge that it destroyed everything on the beach.
     1. tornado B. hurricane C. tsunami D. earthquake
  2. Five skiers are missing after the in the Alps.
     1. drought B. landslide C. flood D. avalanche
  3. After the all the houses were left under water.
     1. flood B. tornado C. typhoon D. mudslide
  4. It took firefighters five days to put out the .
     1. hurricane B. forest fire C. tsunami D. drought
  5. A period of 3- 4 months without rain will cause a severe _.
     1. typhoon B. earthquake C. drought D. flood
  6. The picked up the car and threw it 100 meters into the air. That’s an incredibly strong wind!

A. tornado B. volcanic eruption C. landslide D. typhoon

• 1. The shook parts of the region around Tokyo on Saturday. It was 5 on the Richter Scale.

A. hurricane B. flood C. earthquake D. tornado

• 1. occur when a large amount of water causes the rapid erosion of soil on a steep slope.

A. Tsunamis B. Tornados C. Avalanches D. Mudslides

• 1. A big storm in the Pacific is known as a .
     1. avalanche B. typhoon C. tsunami D. tornado
  2. Mount Merapi in Indonesia is a famous .

A. landslide B. typhoon C. volcano D. tornado

Complete the sentences with the words from the box.

debris

disasters

tornadoes victims

mudslide havoc

property

accommodation

supplies

flood

1. The was overwhelming and the City was soon drowned.
2. Teams of people are still clearing the from damaged trees and houses after the tornado.
3. Temporary housing can be provided to victims when natural strike.
4. The storm wreaked in the garden, uprooting trees and blowing a fence down.
5. _can destroy buildings, flip cars, and create deadly flying debris.
6. Four people were reported killed when a buried their house.
7. Many people lost their homes due to the earthquake and are staying in temporary

until their houses are rebuilt.

1. Food, clean water and medical arrived three days after the typhoon.
2. A natural disaster can cause loss of life or damage .
3. The government is sending aid to flood .

Complete the sentences with the correct tense or form of the verbs in the box.

1. Scientists believe the volcano may _ any day now.
2. The storm outside while we were partying inside.
3. Firefighters are still trying wildfires that have already burned more than 1.6 million acres of tropical forest.
4. The magnitude 6.7 earthquake Japan’s Hokkaido island in September, 2018.
5. Three houses _ in a landslide that took place this morning.
6. 8,000 people had to be from their homes as floodwaters flowed through the main streets.
7. Most deaths occur during an earthquake when buildings .
8. The well-trained team _ everyone after the avalanche.
9. Right now, the building so violently I can’t even stand up.
10. The town experienced flooding while strong winds debris across the streets.

Choose the best response for each sentence.

• 1. “I saw a roof flying in the storm yesterday afternoon.” - _”
     1. Exactly. B. That’s horrible! C. That’s a relief. D. So do I.
  2. “The weather forecast says it’s going to rain tomorrow.” - “ What a pity.”
     1. Looks great! B. Not at all. C. Sounds good! D. Oh no!
  3. “The whole village was submerged in the flood.” - “ ”
     1. That’s surprising! B. My fault. C. Already. D. That’s awful!
  4. “Have you heard the news? A powerful earthquake and following tsunami hit the island of Sulawesi, Indonesia.” - “ ”

A. How beautiful! B. Awesome! C. How terrible! D. No problem.

• 1. “Rescue workers saved a girl trapped in a collapsed school building.” - ”
     1. That’s great! B. Good luck. C. How convenient! D. Oh dear!
  2. “Forecasters say that the storm won’t move toward the land.” - “ ”
     1. What a pity! B. Never mind. C. That’s a relief! D. It’s OK.
  3. “A tornado blew several cars in front of me off the road and into the trees.”

- “ ”

• • 1. That’s shocking! B. How cute! C. That’s great! D. Maybe.
  1. “Did you know the Amazon rainforest fires have already been controlled.”
• “No, I didn’t.”
  • 1. What a bad day! B. How wonderful!

C. How thoughtful it is! D. Well done.

Complete the sentences with the passive form of the verbs in brackets.

1. Tsunamis _ (typically/ cause) by large, undersea earthquakes.
2. Nearly a quarter of all homes in the Keys (destroy) by Hurricane Irma in 2017.
3. Over the past two years, 500,000 damaged homes the government and donors.

(rebuild) with support from

1. An earthquake warning System (install) on the West Coast next month.
2. An average of 10 people in Florida _ (kill) by lightning strikes annually.
3. Indonesia _ (strike) by a tsunami a few days ago.
4. An estimated 10,000 people (already/ evacuate) due to the wildfires since Wednesday.
5. Scientists predict the South coast (hit) by a large hurricane in two days.
6. After the storm, some major roads are closing because they (repair).
7. The name Heather (use) for three tropical cyclones up to now.

VI. Rewrite the sentences in passive voice.

1. A magnitude 7.1 earthquake shook Southern California on Friday.
2. They will provide temporary housing to earthquake victims as soon as possible.
3. Rescue teams have saved hundreds of people from floods in Metro Manila.
4. An average of 20 typhoons hit the country every year.
5. A massive landslide buried dozens of homes near a Central Philippine mountain.
6. They are repairing roads and bridges damaged by the hurricane.
7. Across the northwest Florida coast, people were clearing storm debris.
8. Authorities have lifted a tsunami warning after a strong earthquake.
9. Submarine volcanic eruptions can cause tsunamis.
10. Will the government send troops to flooded regions?

Complete the sentences with the past perfect form of the verbs in brackets.

1. Officials said the blaze _ (damage) five houses in the area.
2. Before Hurricane Sandy struck the US Northeast, it _ (kill) 72 people in the Caribbean.
3. US Weather Service _ (not issue) any warning by the time the tornado moved to a City nearby.
4. As of Monday night, more 10,149 people (leave) their homes across the province.
5. We (not experience) any natural disasters before we were trapped in an avalanche last month.
6. What
7. El Nino weather

(the government/ do) by the time the mudslide occurred?

(hit) Mekong Delta as the worst drought in 90 years, report said.

1. Many local people said that they (never/ see) such a fierce storm in their life.
2. Those evacuees (not return) home by late December.
3. (people/ evacuate) the area when the hurricane hit?

Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or past perfect.

1. By the time the firefighters over 50 hectares of pine forests.

(arrive), the fire _ (already destroy)

1. Two people (report) that flames (trap) them inside a smoke-filled apartment.
2. It (rain) all morning before the tornado _ (touch) down.
3. They (not know) where to shelter from the storm because nobody

(tell) them.

1. _ (you/ already leave) the office when the fire _ (start)?
2. The post (not arrive) when I (leave) home this morning.
3. It (be) cloudy for days before it (start) to rain heavily and _ (flood) the whole City.
4. When I (get) to the check-in desk, I realized I _ (leave) my ticket at home.
5. After Tom and his neighbours (put out) the fire, the fire engines

(arrive) at the cottage.

1. She (recognize) the warning signs that she (learn) in a school lesson on tsunami two days before.
2. By the time the rescuers _ (arrive), they (run) out of food and water.
3. The rescue team _ (find) the child after they (search) for ten hours.

Underline the correct form.

On 26 December 2004, Tilly Smith, a 10-year-old British schoolgirl (1) walked / was walking on the beach with her family. Suddenly Tilly (2) felt / had felt that something was wrong. She could see that the water (3) had risen / was rising and waves (4) had come / were coming up the beach. The beach (5) got / was getting smaller and smaller. She (6) didn’t know / hadn’t know that there had been an earthquake in Sumatra that morning, but she suddenly (7) remembered / had remembered a geography lesson she (8) was having / had had at school just two weeks before. She (9) told / had told her mother what she (10) was learning / had learned about earthquake and giant waves. Tilly (11) started / had started screaming at her parents to get off the beach. They (12) took / had taken Tilly back to their hotel and (13) raised / had raised the alarm. Thanks to Tilly, everybody from that beach (14) survived / had survived that terrible day.

Choose the correct answers.

1. A drought happens when there no rain in a place for a long time.
   1. is B. was C. has been D. had been
2. A flood when a large amount of water covers the land.
   1. occurs B. is occurred C. is occurring D. has occurred
3. The size of earthquakes on the Richter scale.
   1. measures B. measured C. is measuring D. is measured
4. Hurricane Dorian _ the Abaco Islands as a category 5 hurricane on September 1.
   1. strike B. struck C. had struck D. was struck
5. At least 200 people after rivers burst their banks in Colombia mudslides.
   1. killed B. had killed C. were killed D. are being killed
6. Since Monday, more than a dozen tornadoes down across Oklahoma.
   1. touches B. touched C. have touched D. were touched
7. Hurricanes and heavy rains _ with the help of technology.
   1. predicted B. are predicting C. will predict D. can be predicted
8. A tornado watch is issued when there is a possibility that a tornado . will touch B. is touched C. touched D. had touched
9. Before that day in Hawaii, we a volcanic eruption.
   1. never saw B. has never seen C. had never seen D. were never seen
10. So far, some of the storm damaged roads and bridges .

A. already repaired B. had already repaired

C. were already repaired D. have already been repaired

1. We home when a hurricane hit the town two days ago. What a terrible experience!

A. are driving B. were driving C. drove D. had driven

1. Families camped out in a City park after their homes by the earthquake.

A. have heavily damaged B. had damaged heavily

C. were heavily damaged D. are damaged heavily

Use the correct form of the words in brackets.

1. Earthquakes cause the ground to move and shake . (violent)
2. Rescue experts can identify
3. Mount Mayon volcano caused a major

victims with modern methods. (bury)

in the Philippines. (erupt)

1. Volcanic tremor is the rhythmic ground . (shake)
2. Despite all the modern technology available to us, we’re still against earthquakes. (help)
3. The remove of debris can be rapidly finished by machines. (scatter)
4. Indonesia orders immediate as highest alert issued for Bali volcano. (evacuate)
5. We assisted them with the of food and clothing. (provide)
6. Linda was the most typhoon to ever hit Southern Vietnam. (destroy)
7. Medical were sent to the earthquake victims yesterday. (supply)

C. SPEAKING

1. Make questions for the underlined words.

1. _ If I knew a tornado was Corning, I would immediately and safe shelter.

2. _ Earthquakes are becoming more frequent these days because of excess use of underground materials.

3. _

Dozens of people were buried under a massive landslide in Natonin town.

4. _

Rescue crews have helped people from flooded homes and cars.

5. _

A 6.9 magnitude earthquake struck the Indonesian island of Lombok on August 5. 6. _ Hurricane Dorian is currently hurtling towards Florida.

7. _ These eruptions have lasted from a few hours to 145 days.

8. _ Tornadoes generally travel at an average speed of 30 miles per hour.

9. _ The Amazon is on fire as a result of illegal forest clearing to make more farms.

10. When it rains for a long time, floods could happen.

Complete the dialogue with the appropriate phrases or sentences (A - H).

1. You're right. Current technology helps to rapidly deliver the news, but couldn’t prevent a rage of nature.
2. Hi, Sang. I'm not playing game, but reading the news.
3. Yes. TV can only report what already happened,
4. Hope so.
5. Yeah. A lot of things to talk.
6. Maybe because it was so big and so sudden that they didn't have enough time to deal with it.
7. Exactly! 9.1 is the largest in Japan and 4th most powerful in the world.
8. "A memory of deaths in 2011 Tohoku Earthquake and Tsunami"

Sang: Thien! Playing mobile game is not good. Drop the phone, buddy. Thien: (1) Sang: What news is it?

Thien: (2)

Sang: Oh, I’m sorry. That was a terrible disaster. People talked about it all the time. Thien: (3)

Sang: A 9.1 Richter quake followed by a tsunami, double damage. Thien: (4)

Sang: I’ve never stayed in either earthquake or tsunami. I only see it on TV. Thien: (5) Sang: Even Twitter or Facebook can’t do anything else.

Thien: (6)

Sang: Why did so many people die although Japan was famous for living with earthquakes? Thien: (7)

Sang: Hope they won’t meet anything like that again.

Thien: (8)

D. READING

1. Complete the passage with the words from the box.

flooding

result

mudslide

famine

avalanche twister

volcanic plates

Mother nature can be a bit scary at times. These days there seem to be more and more occurrences of natural disasters happening around the world.

An (1) is the large movement of snow down the side of a mountain. They occur when the snow becomes too loose and as it slides down it mixes with air and water to cause a powerful and dangerous disaster. A drought happens when there has been no rain in a place for a long time.

A drought may result in a (2) _; this is when there is not enough food to feed the people and they start to starve.

An earthquake occurs when the (3) _ of the earth start to move and the ground begins to move and shake. The size of earthquakes is measured on the Richter scale.

A flood occurs when a large amount of water covers the land. Too much rain usually causes floods. As sea levels continue to rise, the risk of (4) increases.

A hurricane originally means ‘big wind’. Hurricanes are caused by low air pressure and thunderstorms and (5) _ in strong winds and heavy rain. When they

happen in the Atlantic Ocean we call them Hurricanes; however, they are called Typhoons when they happen in the Pacific Ocean.

A landslide happens on a slope like a mountain or a hill. The rocks and earth become loose and fall down the slope. When soil on the slope is wet, a (6) may occur.

A tornado, which is casually known as a (7) , is a very large column of wind that spins around very quickly. The power of a Tornado can cause the winds to destroy houses and pick up and throw heavy items.

(8) eruptions are caused by the plates of the earth moving and the pressure makes magma push up through the cracks in the earth.

Read the text carefully, then do the tasks.

Vietnam usually has a dozen storms every year from June through the end of November, and most of which occur in the Central and northern provinces. November 2nd, 1997, however, was an unexpected day when the major storm Linda raged in the South. Linda was the worst typhoon in Southern Vietnam over 100 years. Formed in the sea of the Philippines, Linda strengthened as it moved westward. Later, it struck extreme Southern Vietnam with winds of 100 kilometres an hour. Over 3000 people were reported lost and died. Ca Mau province, suffered a direct hit by the storm, had the most damage. Gusts and heavy rainfalls caused flooding, destroyed crops, damaged about 200,000 houses and left about 383,000 people homeless. Linda later struck Thailand, causing flash flooding and at least 164 deaths. The storm also affected Myanmar, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Cambodia to a lesser degree.

Today, residents in Mekong Delta still remember Linda after 20 years. The duration of the time is enough for a kid to grow up from an unforgettable event. The memory of a particular typhoon improves everyone’s awareness of natural disasters.

Decide whether the following sentences are true (T) or false (F).

• 1. The tropical storm Linda hit northern Vietnam on November 2nd, 1997.
  2. Linda was the worst typhoon in Vietnam for the last 100 years.
  3. From the Philippines, the storm moved west and struck Southern Vietnam with winds of 100 km/h.
  4. Approximately 3,000 people were killed during the disaster.
  5. Ca Mau province was directly affected by the typhoon.
  6. Typhoon Linda caused extensive damage to both property and human.
  7. Typhoon Linda only struck Vietnam and Thailand.
  8. The storm gradually weakened as it passed over Myanmar.

Answer the questions.

• 1. When is the typhoon season in Vietnam?
  2. Where in Vietnam was struck by Typhoon Linda?
  3. What was the wind speed of Typhoon Linda when it hit Southern Vietnam?
  4. How many homes were destroyed in Typhoon Linda?
  5. Where did Typhoon Linda pass over after striking Vietnam?
  6. How many years have passed since the disaster

E. WRITING

1. Reorder the words to make full sentences.
   1. the/ dangerous/ flood/ disasters/ in/ most/ world/ of/ the/ is/ one.
   2. many/ shelter/ had/ 9 o’clock/ their homes/ by/ people/ camps/ fled/ to/ already/ seek/ in.
   3. be/ with/ people/ homeless/ will/ temporary/ provided/ accommodation.
   4. a/ Friday/ by/ 6.9/ Indonesia/ magnitude/ was/ earthquake/ powerful/ on/ struck.
   5. the earthquake/ hundreds/ completely/ of/ destroyed/ homes/ hit/ the City/ were/ when.
   6. natural/ typhoons and floods/ the/ in/ most/ are/ frequent/ Vietnam/ disasters?
   7. escape/ before/ people/ had/ to/ fire crews/ the fire/ arrived/ four/ managed.
   8. property/ people’s/ disasters/ devastate/ destroy/ their/ lives/ natural/ and.

Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning to the first one.

• 1. They gave my village a ton of rice three days after the earthquake.

A ton of rice

• 1. Susan wasn’t injured in the earthquake, and her family wasn’t injured, either. Neither Susan _
  2. It was such a strong typhoon that all trees were uprooted.

The typhoon was

• 1. Scientists might propose another solution for drought.

Another solution _

• 1. Our home and almost everything we owned were destroyed by the tornado.

The tornado

• 1. We’re grateful that you sent us food and fresh water.

Thank you

• 1. It was the first time she had been in the path of a hurricane.

She had _

• 1. The storm destroyed everything except the bamboo tree.

The only thing

• 1. It’s a good idea to find safe shelter right away when there is a tornado warning. You _
  2. We could look for the information about natural disasters on the Internet.

How

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TEST FOR UNIT 9

1. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others.

Choose the word whose main stress pattern is placed differently.

1. Complete each sentence with a suitable word.
2. _ are giant waves caused by earthquakes or undersea volcanic eruptions.
3. Rescue workers have freed people who were _ in flooded homes.
4. A lot of houses were destroyed, and thousands of people were left .
5. The Red Cross provided temporary housing to earthquake .
6. The Kilauea volcano _ last year, destroying an estimated 700 homes.
7. _ eruptions occur when magma escapes from inside the earth.
8. Firefighters are still trying to out forest fires in Gori Municipality.
9. Last August, a 7-magnitude _ hit Lombok island, Indonesia.
10. Floods, hurricanes and earthquakes are natural _.
11. A tornado touched in Connecticut late Wednesday afternoon.

Choose the best answer a, b, c or d to complete the sentence.

1. _ September 1, 2019, Hurricane Dorian hit the northwestern Bahamas.
   1. In B. On C. At D. During
2. The earthquake caused damage _ property estimated at $6 million.
   1. for B. with C. on D. to
3. Due to a lack of rainfall, California regularly has in summertime.
   1. tornadoes B. floods C. droughts D. tsunamis
4. What a(n) news! Thousands of people have died in the quake.
   1. terrible B. wonderful C. terrific D. exciting
5. Debris was for miles after the tornado touched down late Saturday.
   1. evacuated B. scattered C. collapsed D. trapped
6. Natural disasters are caused by nature and we can’t prevent them.
   1. therefore B. however C. moreover D. whereas
7. At least 11 people were killed when a four-storey building in the earhquake.
   1. was collapsing B. had collapsed C. collapsed D. was collapsed
8. _ the tsunami warning, there were still lots of people on or near the beach.
   1. Due to B. Although C. Because D. Despite
9. It is raining heavily with rolls of thunder. We such a terrible thunderstorm.
   1. never see B. would never see C. had never seen D. have never seen

• “A12 year old boy was found alive after being buried in an avalanche for 40 minutes.” “ ”

A. That’s awesome! B. That’s shocking! C. That’s awful!D. Well done!

Choose the underlined word or phrase, A, B, c or D that needs correcting.

1. By the time the rescue team had arrived, they’d drifted at sea for three days.

A B C D

1. If I were you, I will not go skiing in such weather conditions.

A B C D

1. Search teams were unable to reach some areas because of roads were blocked by lots of debris.

A B C D

1. Dozens of people were reported to be still trap in the rubble of a hotel in Palu City.

A B C D

1. Tsunami waves are unlike typically ocean waves generated by wind and storms.

A B C D

1. If you hear a tsunami warning, it is important to move to high ground and stay away

A B C D

the coast.

1. Japan’s Sakurajima volcano has been erupted, sending plumes of smoke and ash

A B

almost a mile into the sky.

C D

1. We are all working hardly to free people trapped in the rubble of collapsed buildings.

A B C D

1. These are the victims of the two tornadoes that cut through eastern Alabama on

A B C

Sunday, kill at least 23 people.

D

1. After the earthquake, thousands of people are left homeless and in need medical supplies

A B C D

and health care.

Write the correct tense or form of the verbs in brackets.

1. Until now, 38,000 people (evacuate) from the flood-affected areas.
2. Typhoon Ketsana _ (now/ move) west, threatening to hit Central Vietnam in the Corning days.
3. About 500 ha of pine forests (destroy) by a fire last month.
4. Can we predict when a volcano _ (erupt)?
5. The crops failed because it (not rain) all summer.
6. Forest fires (may/ start) by people or by lightning in storms.
7. A powerful earthquake (strike) Southern California on Friday night.
8. Scientists do not use the term “tidal wave” because tsunami waves (not cause)

by tides.

1. The Amazon (already/ lose) around 17 percent over the past 50 years.
2. I (never/ experience) such a big earthquake before I _ (go) to Java island.
3. Natural disasters can force people _ (leave) their homes.
4. If you are trapped in a collapsed building, cover your mouth with a cloth to avoid

(breathe) dust.

Supply the correct form of the words in brackets.

1. Weather is still in long term, so we don’t know exactly where the storm will move. (predict)
2. The storm left behind it a trail of . (devastate)
3. Climate change could have _ effects on Earth. (disaster)
4. Millions of people have been left following floods in India, Bangladesh and Nepal. (home)
5. Two people were found alive inside the building after the . (collapse)
6. _ are searching for a hiker missing in Hawaii for 10 days. (rescue)
7. The UK is giving Yemen more emergency food aid to help the famine. (relief)
8. Super Typhoon Haiyan is one of the most storms in history. (power)
9. Students from various schools in the City lend a hand to flood victims. (help)
10. Some _ eruptions are explosive and others are not. (volcano)

Match the questions with the answers.

1. Choose the word or phrase which best tits each gap.

Hurricane Dorian was the strongest hurricane on record to (1)

the

Bahamas, and is regarded as the worst natural disaster in the country’s history. On 1 September 2019, Dorian hit the Abaco Islands with sustained winds (2) 185 mph (295 km/h). It made landfall as a (3) 5 hurricane on Elbow Cay, just east of Great Abaco Island, and went on to strike Grand Bahama at similar intensity, stalling just north of the territory with unrelenting winds for at least 24 hours.

Damage in the Bahamas was (4) due to the prolonged and intense storm

conditions, including heavy rainfall, high winds and storm surge with thousands of homes

destroyed, 70,000 people (5) homeless, and at least 58 deaths recorded. As of

September 28, 600 people still remain missing. Dorian is (6) the costliest disaster in Bahamian history, estimated to have left behind an exceptional $7 billion in property damage.

(7) its ravages through the Bahamas, Dorian proceeded along the coasts of the Southeastern United States and Atlantic Canada, leaving behind considerable damage and economic (8) in those regions.

Read the passage carefully, then do the tasks.

Elephants on the coast of Thailand are acting strange. They stamp their feet and motion toward the hills. The sea draws back from the beaches. Fish flop in the mud. Suddenly, a huge wave appears. This is no ordinary wave. It is a tsunami!

Tsunami waves are larger and faster than normal surface waves. A tsunami wave can travel as fast as a jet plane and can be as tall as a ten-story building. For a tsunami to occur, there must be some kind of force that causes the ocean water to become displaced. Most tsunamis are caused by underwater earthquakes. However, volcanoes, landslides, large icebergs, and even meteorites are capable of causing one of these mighty waves. Tsunamis are extremely powerful. Because tsunami waves are so strong, they can kill people, damage property, and completely ruin an ecosystem in just one hour.

Scientists have no way of predicting when a tsunami will hit. However, if a powerful enough earthquake occurs, scientists can issue a warning or a watch. A warning means that a tsunami will very likely hit soon. A watch means that conditions are favourable for a tsunami. When people are notified about a watch or a warning, they have more time to prepare. It is best not to get caught unaware when a tsunami is on the way!

Match the underlined words in the text with their definitions.

• 1. saying that something will happen before it happens
  2. move in a loose, heavy, and uncontrolled way
  3. not knowing or realizing that something is happening
  4. very strong and powerful
  5. good for something and making it likely to be successful
  6. moved out of the usual or proper place
  7. all the plants and living creatures in a particular area

Choose the correct answers.

• 1. Why are the elephants acting strange?
     1. They are not used to seeing fish.
     2. They dislike wading into the ocean.
     3. They can sense something out of the ordinary.
     4. They see the ocean drawing back from the beaches.
  2. What is this passage mostly about?
     1. How to prepare for tsunamis.
     2. Scientists who predict tsunami waves.
     3. Similarities and differences between wave types.
     4. Causes and effects of tsunamis.
  3. Which does not cause a tsunami?
     1. earthquakes B. mudslides C. volcanic eruptions D. meteorites
  4. Tsunamis cause so much destruction because they .
     1. can be predicted by scientists
     2. break on the coast, unlike normal waves
     3. are caused by volcanoes, landslides and meteorites
     4. can be as tall as a ten-story building
  5. We can conclude from the last paragraph that .
     1. a tsunami warning is more serious than a watch
     2. a tsunami watch is more serious than a warning
     3. a tsunami warning and watch are equally serious
     4. a tsunami warning and watch both mean a tsunami has formed

X. Write the second sentence so that it has the same meaning to the first one. Use the words given.

1. It was the first time I had been in an earthquake. (NEVER)

I

1. The wind started to blow three hours ago. (FOR)

The wind

1. You should practice Drop, Cover and Hold On with family. (WOULD)

If I _

1. During the past two years, drought has affected much of southeastern Australia. (BEEN)

During the past two years,

1. Typhoons are not as destructive as earthquakes are. (MUCH)

Earthquakes

1. It took firefighters three hours to extinguish the blaze. (OUT)

It

1. Typhoon Faxai hit the Japanese Capital and surrounding regions on Monday. (BY)

The Japanese Capital

1. The weather was so bad that the plane could not take off. (PREVENTED)

The bad weather

1. While we were going home yesterday we got caught in a thunderstorm. (WAY)

We

1. What about raising money for flood victims? (SHOULD)

Jenny

TEST YOURSELF 3

1. Choose the word that has underlined part pronounced differently from the rest.

Choose the word that has different stress pattern.

1. Complete each sentence with an appropriate word. The first letter is given.
2. Have you made any friends from English s _ countries?
3. We can’t see stars at night due to l pollution.
4. This family is h after Hurricane Florence destroyed their home.
5. The o languages of Singapore are English, Malay, Mandarin, and Tamil.
6. U _ sewage directly pumped into rivers can cause water pollution.
7. When a t touches down, it can destroy everything in its path.
8. The river has been p with toxic waste from local factories.
9. Wellington is the c _ of New Zealand.
10. A k is a knee-length skirt worn by men in Scotland.
11. In summer, children often take part in a local or International summer c _ .

Choose the best answer a, b, c or d to complete the sentence.

1. Air pollution has many effects _ the environment and living organisms.
   1. in B. of C. for D. on
2. The volcano has erupted approximately once every ten years _ 1970.
   1. since B. in C. from D. for
3. After a severe storm, there is often along the shore that will need to be removed.
   1. waste B. debris C. lava D. junk
4. In the 1980s, acid rain _ widespread damage to forests in the areas.
   1. made of B. resulted in C. led for D. caused by
5. _ plastic takes so long to break down, it pollutes the land and water.
   1. Even though B. While C. Since D. Because of
6. If I had the chance to take part in an International summer camp, I very excited.
   1. am B. was C. will be D. would be
7. _ do earthquakes usually last? - Less than one minute.
   1. How strong B. How longC. How often D. How far
8. Niagara Falls is a great natural on the border of the USA and Canada.
   1. castle B. loch C. spectacle D. Symbol
9. The 2010 Haiti earthquake was the most natural disaster in the history of this country.

A. destructive B. permanent C. unique D. awesome

1. “A hurricane is heading toward our home town.” - “ ”

A. That’s a relied. B. How interesting! C. Glad to hear. D. Oh my God!

Choose the underlined word or phrase, A, B, c or D that needs correcting.

• 1. A heatwave can lead in widespread drought and increase the risk of wildfires.

A B C D

• 1. Homeless people may be offered temporary accomodation by the council.

A B C D

• 1. The Sydney Opera House is a symbolize for not only a City, but a whole country and continent. A B C D
  2. Noise pollution is thought having less damage to humans than water or air pollution.

A B C D

• 1. If people keep cutting down trees and they wipe out forests, there will be more floods.

A B C D

• 1. Have you come home before the tornado touched down this afternoon?

A B C D

• 1. The timetable shows that the next bus will leave in ten minutes.

A B C D

• 1. Since the volcano last erupted, many houses have built on its slopes.

A B C D

• 1. Despite of their usefulness, pesticides could pose potential risks to food safety.

A B C D

• 1. If people didn’t use cars, there will be much less pollution.

A B C D

1. Write the correct tense or form of the verbs in brackets.
2. Alex _ (not do) the gardening before it started raining.
3. The amount of plastic in the ocean (increase) if we (not take)

action now.

1. Outdoor air pollution _ (cause) more than 3 million deaths a year.
2. There _ (be) more than 80,000 wildfires so far this year.
3. What would you do if you (catch) in a hurricane’s path?
4. By the time Hurricane Gilbert (hit) Mexico it _ (change) characteristics.
5. Heavy rains (lash) the coast of Orissa and Andhra Pradesh in 2013.
6. In the early morning hours, tornado warnings (issue) for storms in Oklahoma.
7. Water pollution makes aquatic plants and animals (die).
8. Survivors said that many people managed (escape), but they could not run away fast enough.

Supply the correct form of the words in brackets.

1. A natural disaster can cause of life or property damage. (lose)
2. Human greenhouse gas emissions are causing warming. (globe)
3. Kangaroos and koalas are only to Australia. (nation)
4. Hurricane Katrina was one of the hurricanes ever to hit the United States. (dead)
5. Filters do not remove all from water. (contaminate)
6. Freak tornado leaves trail of in its wake. (destroy)
7. _ appeal to the government to enact laws to stop factories from discharging toxic Chemicals into the sea. (environment)
8. Toxic pollution is contaminated water, soil, and air that is . (poison)
9. Pollution kills more people than both war and . (violent)
10. English is the most widely _ language worldwide, with 1.5 billion speakers. (speak)

Complete the dialogue with the appropriate sentences. Write the letters of the sentences (A - H).

1. Because they're impressive to me. It pops up in my thought.
2. As I said, I like maple trees a lot. It's so beautiful! And Canadians speak English.
3. also visit those countries someday. And how about you?
4. Yeah. Singapore is good. I've been there twice,
5. Then I like to visit Japan, the Netherlands and Canada, I’ll travel to Canada first.
6. There are tulips and windmills in the Netherlands, sushi, sakura and temples in Japan, maple trees and Niagara Falls in Canada.
7. It's hard to say because I've never lived in another country.
8. Oh, no! In Japan, the cherry blossoms are commonly called sakura.

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Nga: What country do you like most Lien?

Lien: (1)

Nga: I just want to know the countries you like to visit. Lien: (2)

Nga: Why are those three countries? There are more beautiful places in the world. Lien: (3)

Nga: What do you find impressive? What are the attractions of these countries? Lien: (4)

Nga: Well, they are all reasonable... but what is sakura? Is it a Japanese cartoon character? Lien: (5)

Nga: Oh, I see. And why is Canada the first country you want to visit? Lien: (6)

Nga: What about Britain, the USA and Australia? They speak English in these countries too. Lien: (7)

Nga: Let me think. Singapore, I guess. It’s modern, friendly, and close to Vietnam. Lien: (8)

Nga: Wow! Lucky you!

Choose the word or phrase which best fits each gap.

What is pollution? Stinky stuff? Muck? Poison? Yes, all those things... and more. Some is obvious like smoke (1) you can see but much of it is not obvious at all. Yet you’re eating it and drinking it and breathing it most of the time. And what is worse is

that all this muck (2) all other life on Earth. You can find pollution made by

people just about (3) on the planet. Even (4) places like the Arctic

are badly polluted by nasty Chemicals made by people. The polar bears and seals there have poisonous Chemicals made by people in their bodies and (5) _ do the Inuit people who live with them. These nasty things kill many animals and make others sick - including

penguins (6) the Antarctic. They also kill people and make them ill too. There’s

nowhere on the planet (7) or high up in the air.

with no pollution; (8) the bottom of the sea

Read the passage carefully, then do the tasks.

A magnitude-9.0 earthquake, also known as the Great East Japan Earthquake, struck in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of Japan’s Honshu island on March 11, 2011. It was the most powerful earthquake ever to hit Japan and the fourth largest ever recorded in the world. The earthquake triggered a massive tsunami that flooded more than 200 square miles of Coastal land. Waves estimated to be as high as 38 meters, the height of a 12-story building, tore apart Coastal towns and villages, carrying ships inland as thousands of homes were flattened, then washed tons of debris and vehicles back out to sea. Damage to the reactors at TEPCO’s Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant then caused a third disaster, contaminating a wide area that still forces nearly 100,000 residents to live as evacuees. Tsunami waves also swept across the Pacific, causing damage or disruptions in Hawaii, California, Oregon, Washington and British Columbia.

Casualties from the earthquake and tsunami in Japan may be 30,000 and close to 500,000 people were forced to evacuate. More than 125,000 buildings have been washed away or seriously damaged; property damage is estimated to be more than $310 billion.

Decide whether the following sentences are true (T) or false (F).

• 1. A magnitude-9.0 earthquake struck offshore of Japan on March 11, 2011.
  2. This earthquake was the world’s largest recorded quake.
  3. Tsunami waves caused by the earthquake smashed the coast, causing massive damage and flooding.
  4. As the waves retreated back to the sea, they carried ships with them.
  5. The tsunami damaged the Fukushima Daiichi reactors, causing a nuclear disaster.
  6. About 500,000 people within the nuclear evacuation zone were evacuated.
  7. An estimated 30,000 people were killed by the 2011 earthquake and tsunami.
  8. Property damage from the earthquake and tsunami is estimated over $310 billion.

Answer the questions.

• 1. Where did the earthquake strike?

_

• 1. What caused the tsunami?

_

• 1. What was the height of tsunami waves?

_

• 1. How many people were evacuated?

_

• 1. What regions were also affected by the tsunami?

_

Write the second sentence so that it has the same meaning to the first one.

1. Pollution affects the environment in many ways.

The environment

1. It’s impossible for us to predict when the earthquake will happen.

We

1. Some farmers are overusing Chemicals in their crops.

Chemicals _

1. Don’t leave the tap running while brushing your teeth, or you will waste water.

If you

1. Since the invention of special computers, the paths of hurricanes have been predicted. Since special computers
2. The weather is bad, so we can’t go hiking in the mountains.

If the weather

1. What was the height of the waves in the Japan tsunami 2011?

How

1. It’s my opinion that you should study English in the UK.

If

1. Global warming will affect specific regions in different ways.

Specific regions

1. It’s two years since the Hawaii volcano erupted.

The Hawaii volcano

ĐÁP ÁN

ĐÁP ÁN

UNIT 9: NATURAL DISASTERS

1. PHONETICS
2. Mark the stress on the correct syllable for the following words

1. Circle the word with a different stress pattern from the others.

1. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR
2. Write the names of the disasters on the line, then match them to the pictures.

1. Choose the correct answers.

1. Complete the sentences with the words from the box.

1. Complete the sentences with the correct tense or form of the verbs in the box.

1. Choose the best response for each sentence.

1. Complete the sentences with the passive form of the verbs in brackets.

VI. Rewrite the sentences in passive voice.

1. Southern California was shaken by a magnitude 7.1 earthquake on Friday.
2. Temporary housing will be provided to earthquake victims as soon as possible./ Earthquake victims will be provided temporary housing as soon as possible.
3. Hundreds of people have been saved from floods in Metro Manila by rescue teams.
4. The country is hit by an average of 20 typhoons every year.
5. Dozens of homes near a Central Philippine mountain were buried by a massive landslide.
6. Roads and bridges damaged by the hurricane are being repaired.
7. Across the northwest Florida coast, storm debris was being cleared./ Storm debris across the northwest Florida coast was being cleared.
8. A tsunami warning after a strong earthquake has been lifted (by authorities).
9. Tsunamis can be caused by submarine volcanic eruptions.
10. Will troops be sent to flooded regions?
11. Complete the sentences with the past perfect form of the verbs in brackets.

1. Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or past perfect.

1. Underline the correct form.

1. Choose the correct answers.

1. Use the correct form of the words in brackets.

1. SPEAKING
2. Make questions for the underlined words.
   1. What would you do if you knew a tornado was Corning?
   2. Why are earthquakes becoming more frequent these days?
   3. How many people were buried under a massive landslide in Natonin town?
   4. Who have helped people from flooded homes and cars?
   5. When did a 6.9 magnitude earthquake strike the Indonesian island of Lombok?
   6. Where is hurricane Dorian currently hurtling towards?
   7. How long have these eruptions lasted?
   8. How fast do tornadoes generally travel?
   9. Why is the Amazon on fire?
   10. What could happen when it rains for a long time?
3. Complete the dialogue with the appropriate phrases or sentences (A - H).

1. READING
2. Complete the passage with the words from the box.

1. Read the text carefully, then do the tasks.
2. Decide whether the following sentences are true (T) or false (F).

1. Answer the questions.
   1. The typhoon season in Vietnam is from June through the end of November.
   2. Extreme Southern Vietnam was struck by Typhoon Linda./ The extreme South of Vietnam was struck by Typhoon Linda.
   3. The wind speed of Typhoon Linda was 100km/h when it hit Southern Vietnam.
   4. About 200,000 homes were destroyed in Typhoon Linda.
   5. After striking Vietnam, Typhoon Linda passed over Thailand, Myanmar, Indonesia, Malaysia and Cambodia.
   6. Twenty years have passed since the disaster.

E. WRITING

1. Reorder the words to make full sentences.
   1. Flood is one of the most dangerous disasters in the world.
   2. By 9 o’clock, many people had already fled their homes to seek shelter in camps.
   3. Homeless people will be provided with temporary accommodation.
   4. Indonesia was struck by a powerful 6.9 magnitude earthquake on Friday.
   5. Hundreds of homes were completely destroyed when the earthquake hit the City.
   6. Are typhoons and floods the most frequent natural disasters in Vietnam?
   7. Four people had managed to escape the fire before fire crews arrived.
   8. Natural disasters devastate people’s lives and destroy their property.
2. Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning to the first one.
   1. A ton of rice was given to my village three days after the earthquake.
   2. Neither Susan nor her family was/were injured in the earthquake.
   3. The typhoon was so strong that all trees were uprooted.
   4. Another solution for drought might be proposed by scientists.
   5. The tornado destroyed our home and almost everything we owned.
   6. Thank you for sending us food and fresh water.
   7. She had never been in the path of a hurricane before.
   8. The only thing the storm didn’t destroy was the bamboo tree./

The only thing that wasn't destroyed by the storm was the bamboo tree

• 1. You should find safe shelter right away when there is a tornado warning.
  2. How about looking for the information about natural disasters on the Internet?

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TEST FOR UNIT 9

1. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others.

1. Choose the word whose main stress pattern is placed differently.

1. Complete each sentence with a suitable word.

1. Choose the best answer a, b, c or d to complete the sentence.

1. Choose the underlined word or phrase, A, B, c or D that needs correcting.

1. Write the correct tense or form of the verbs in brackets.

1. Supply the correct form of the words in brackets.

1. Match the questions with the answers.

1. Choose the word or phrase which best tits each gap.

1. Read the passage carefully, then do the tasks.
2. Match the underlined words in the text with their definitions.

1. Choose the correct answers.

X. Write the second sentence so that it has the same meaning to the first one. Use the words given.

1 had never been in an earthquake before.

1. The wind has blown for three hours.
2. If I were you, I would practice Drop, Cover and Hold On with family.
3. During the past two years, much of southeastern Australia has been affected by drought.
4. Earthquakes are much more destructive than Typhoons (are).
5. It took firefighters three hours to put the blaze out./ ... to put out the blaze.
6. The Japanese Capital and surrounding regions were hit by Typhoon Faxai on Monday.
7. The bad weather prevented the plane from taking off.
8. We got caught in a thunderstorm while we were on our way home yesterday.
9. Jenny suggested (that) we should raise money for flood victims.

ĐÁP ÁN

TEST YOURSELF 3

1. Choose the word that has underlined part pronounced differently from the rest.

1. Choose the word that has different stress pattern.

1. Complete each sentence with an appropriate word. The first letter is given.

1. Choose the best answer a, b, c or d to complete the sentence.

1. Choose the underlined word or phrase, A, B, c or D that needs correcting.

1. Write the correct tense or form of the verbs in brackets.

1. Supply the correct form of the words in brackets.

1. Complete the dialogue with the appropriate sentences. Write the letters of the sentences (A - H).

1. Choose the word or phrase which best fits each gap.

1. Read the passage carefully, then do the tasks.
2. Decide whether the following sentences are true (T) or false (F).

1. Answer the questions.
   1. The earthquake struck in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of Japan's Honshu island.
   2. The earthquake caused the tsunami.
   3. The height of tsunami waves was 38 meters.
   4. Close to 500,000 people were evacuated.
   5. Hawaii, California, Oregon, Washington and British Columbia were also affected by the tsunami.
2. Write the second sentence so that it has the same meaning to the first one.
3. The environment is affected by pollution in many ways.
4. We can't predict when the earthquake will happen.
5. Chemicals are being overused by some farmers in their crops.
6. If you leave the tap running while brushing your teeth, you will waste water.
7. Since special computers were invented, the paths of hurricanes have been predicted.
8. If the weather wasn't bad, we would go hiking in the mountains.
9. How high were the waves in the Japan tsunami 2011?
10. If I were you, I would study English in the UK.
11. Specific regions will be affected by global warming in different ways.
12. The Hawaii volcano hasn't erupted for two years. / The Hawaii volcano last erupted two years ago.