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PART 1: GRAMMAR REVIEW

1. Comparisons of quantifiers: more, less/ fewer

 more + traffic/ pollution/ food/ problems/ solutions than

 less + nutrition/ clean water than

 fewer + diseases/ criminals than

2. Tag questions

A tag question is a short question. It follows statement. It’s added at the end, after a comma.

Examples:

- Overpopulation is a serious problem, isn’t it?

- Traffic jam is the most serious problem, isn’t it?

Note: A positive sentence has a negative tag. A negative sentence has a positive tag.

PART 2: EXERCISES

A. PHONETICS

I. Put the world into the correct column according the stress pattern.

Stress on the 1^st syllable Stress on the 2^nd syllable Stress on the 3^rd syllable

II. Choose a word in each line that has different stress pattern.

B. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR

I. Choose the best one (A, B, C or D) to complete the sentence or replace the underlined word.

1. Don’t leave anything behind, ?

A. do you B. don’t you C. will you D. shall we

2. Overpopulation problems both the rich and the poor.

A. happen B. affect C. cause D. reduce

3. Rio de Janeiro is a very culturally city.

A. different B. same C. diverse D. diversity

4. That isn’t Bill driving, ?

A. is it B. isn’t it C. is that D. isn’t that

5. I think in the future cities will be more crowded and the traffic will get .

A. good B. well C. worst D. worse

6. The major cause of death for children living in the slums is .

A. density B. illiteracy C. immigration D. malnutrition

7. Susan doesn’t like oysters, ?

A. did she B. does she C. doesn’t she D. she does

8. Diseases more quickly in overcrowded areas.

A. come B. travel C. move D. spread

9. It’s very in the city. Some rich people live in large villas, while many poor people live in small slums.

A. diverse B. equal C. spacious D. healthy

10. Mary wasn’t angry, ?

A. was she B. is she C. wasn’t she D. was Mary

11. In Manila, over 30% of the population lives in .

A. poverty B. schooling C. crops D. shortage

12. Some poor people may crime when they need money.

A. involve B. arrive C. commit D. accept

13. Your grandfather was a millionaire, ?

A. was he B. is he C. wasn’t he D. isn’t she

14. Everyone is ready for the game, ?

A. aren’t they B. is there C. is it D. isn’t it

15. The city has to find to homeless people immediately.

A. earnings B. systems C. calories D. solutions

II. The word at the end of each of the following sentences can be used to form a word that fits suitably in the blank.

1. The first symptom of the disease is a very high TEMPERATE

.

2. The long hot summer has led to serious water SHORT

.

3. To have hundreds of people sleeping in HOME

the streets of a rich city like London is a crime.

4. Average for skilled workers are rising. EARN

5. We lived in rented before buying ACCOMMODATE

this house.

6. Drought has many countries in Africa AFFECT

after a long period of dry weather.

7. Nuclear power can be used for or PEACE

military purposes.

8. The government is trying to limit population . GROW

9. A megacity is a very large city with big . POPULAR

10. Healthcare workers who offer care to MEDICINE

others are some of the lowest paid people in the country.

III. Complete each of the following sentences with a correct question tag.

1. Mr. White is a tailor, ?

2. I think that is an overcrowded bus, ?

3. Mr. Vinh is a teacher, ?

4. Your grandparents don’t prefer living in the city, ?

5. It isn’t ready yet, ?

6. The tourists will never be allowed to visit the slums again, ?

7. I am clever, ?

8. He’s unable to solve that problem alone, ?

9. We must hurry, ?

10. Dai Dong used to be a fishing village with only three thousand people, ?

IV. Fill in each blank with fewer, less, more or some.

1. Minh has patience than Nam.

2. So far I’ve saved money than my close friend.

3. She drinks water than me.

4. Phong has visited countries than Mai.

5. They give me money.

6. Next year, we will have homework.

7. She has free time than this year.

8. Let’s wait for minutes and try to call her again.

9. We prefer living in the countryside because it has pollution than the city.

10. There used to be unemployed people in this city five years ago.

C. READING

I. Fill in the blank to complete the passage.

Modern cities (1) over the world face the same problems. One of them is poor housing. People often live in old houses or huts that don’t have electricity or sanitation. As city population (2) , governments don’t have the money to (3) modern apartment buildings.

Cars and industries are (4) city air and rivers more and more. Waste that people throw away is burned or ends up in landfills. All of this makes modern cities an (5)

place to live in.

Especially during morning and evening rush hours cities become packed with (6)

. Daily traffic jams make it impossible for people to get to work in time.

City authorities are (7) more and more money on public transportation and are taking other steps to reduce (8) in cities.

Cities of today face many social (9) . Crime, alcoholism and drug addiction is especially high in cities. Many young people are unemployed. Government organizations work hard to get rid of poverty. They try to give such people (10) education and jobs.

II. Fill in the blank with a suitable word in the blanket.

Overpopulation is an undesirable condition where the number of existing human population (1) the carrying capacity of Earth. Overpopulation is (2) by a number of factors such as reduced mortality rate, (3) medical facilities, and depletion of precious resources.

The effects of overpopulation are quite severe. One of these is rise in unemployment. When a country (4) overpopulated, it gives rise to unemployment as there are (5) jobs to support a large number of people. Rise in unemployment gives rise to (6) as people will steal various items to feed their family and (7)

them basic amenities of life.

High cost of living is another effect. As difference (8) demand and supply continues to expand due to overpopulation, it raises the (9) of various commodities including food, shelter and healthcare. This means that people have to pay (10)

to survive and feed their families.

III. Read the text carefully, and then answer the question below.

Mumbai, which is located in the western coast of India, is the capital of Maharashtra state. It is home to Bollywood, the centre of Hindu movie industry, and the film “Slumdog Millionaire” was based there. Poor people have to live in slums. In the slum, people have to live with many problems. People have to go to the toilets in the streets and there are open sewers. Children play among sewage wastes and doctors deal with 4,000 cases of death a day because of lack of hygiene.

Next to the open sewers are water pipes which can crack and take in sewage. Dharavi slum is based around this area. There are toxic wastes in the slum including hugely dangerous heavy metals. Dharavi is made of 12 different neighbourhoods and there are no maps or road signs. The further you walk into Dharavi from the edge, the more crowded area becomes. People live in very small slums, often with many members of their extended families.

1. Where are the toilets in the slum?

2. Where is Mumbai?

3. Is Mumbai famous for the film industry? Why or why not?

4. How many neighbourhoods are there in Dharavi?

5. What happens to water pipes in Dharavi?

D. WRITING

I. Rewrite the following sentences, beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the same.

1. Jakarta doesn’t have as many skyscrapers as Shanghai.

→ Shanghai...........................................................................................................

2. You forgot to turn off the T.V last night, didn’t you?

→ You didn’t remember ?

3. The countryside doesn’t suffer as much pollution as the city.

→ The countryside ................................................................................................

4. I think you should go to work by bike.

→ Who don’t ?

5. New York has more billionaires than Tokyo.

→ Tokyo ..............................................................................................................

6. We will plant more trees along this street.

→ More trees.........................................................................................................

7. Does overpopulation cause a lot of social problems in this area?

→ Overpopulation ?

8. Is pollution the most serious problem?

→ Pollution is ?

9. A group of foreigners visited the slums last week, didn’t they?

→ Did ?

10. Mr Lam lived in the country when he was a child.

→ Mr Lam used ....................................................................................................

PART 3: test yourself

I. Choose a word in each line that has different stress pattern.

II.

III.

1. The children can read English, ?

A. can’t they B. can they C. they can D. they can’t

2. Overcrowded places have a lot of problems, ?

A. doesn’t it B. have they C. don’t they D. does they

3. The immigrants will hardly find accommodation in the city, ?

A. will it B. won’t it C. will they D. won’t they

4. Disease spreads more quickly in overcrowded areas, ?

A. doesn’t it B. is it C. isn’t it D. does it

5. Your brother’s here, ?

A. is he B. are he C. isn’t he D. aren’t he

6. When people live in a small lace, life can be very difficult.

A. too much B. too many C. a few D. few

7. Living in the country is healthier than that in the city because in the countryside, there is traffic.

A. more B. less C. Higher D. fewer

8. Tom didn’t see her, ?

A. did Tom B. did he C. do Tom D. does he

9. Children in the slums have more diseases than in wealthy areas.

A. those B. Ø C. them D. that

10. People move to the city with the hope that they can get food and better healthcare.

A. less B. fewer C. more D. bigger

IV. Complete each of the following sentences with a correct question tag.

1. They won’t stop long, ?

2. His brother has lived in Jakarta for more than ten years, ?

3. You asked for mustard, ?

4. These houses cannot provide enough accommodation, ?

5. He speaks too quickly, ?

6. Your sister works for a big foreign company in the city, ?

7. He will arrive soon, ?

8. There were nearly one million people living in this city in 2010, ?

9. The milk may be sour, ?

10. We shouldn’t go to those streets when it turns dark, ?

V. Fill in the blank with a suitable word.

Today many people in the world are leaving (1) small villages in the country for big and (2) cities. This means that they are renounce the (3)

hills, mountains, fields and rivers of the countryside for the busy world of streets, building, traffic and (4) . Many people come to (5) in town and cities (6) they need work. After one or two factories have been (7) or near a town, people come to find (8) and soon an industrial area begins to grow. There is usually an (9) nearby to the factory workers live. The families of these workers need school, hospital and markets, so (10) and more people are to live in the area to provide these service and so a city grows.

VI. Read the following passage and choose the best option for each numbered blank.

Approximately one-sixth of the world’s (1) now live in shanty towns, which are seen as “breeding grounds” for social problems such as crime, drug addition, alcoholism, (2) and unemployment.

The (3) of megacities brings enormous challenges to governments, social and environmental planners, architects, engineers and the inhabitants of the megacities. Just one example: the London population grew from one million to eight million in 150 years, while the population of Mexico City grew from one million to over 15 million people in only 50 years.

No wonder that the (4) number of people living in cities more demands, in areas such as housing and services. The destruction of our environment and poverty are two other concerns, which city (5) have to take care of.

Megacities influence a variety of living (6) for citizens. Although traffic jams, poor air quality and increasing health risks, make life in (7) more difficult, people continue to choose to live there. Therefore it is essential, that more government programmes are carried out in (8) to help improve living conditions for the inhabitants of metropolitan areas.

However, megacities also offer great chances: they offer opportunities to look for jobs, especially for young people. According to the authority, Mexico City and São Paulo produce around 50% of the income of their countries. Bangkok (9) more than 40% to the GDP, (10) it is home only to 10% of the population of Thailand.

VII. Read the following passage and answer the questions below.

The Philippines has one of the fastest growing populations in Southeast Asia. From having fifty million inhabitants in 1980, the Philippines today is home to around ninety-eight million people with 12 million living in Manila only.

Manila, the Philippine capital, is one of the most overpopulated places on earth. There are few other areas where so many people live so closely together: On average there are 66,140 people per square kilometer, but in some slum regions there are as many as 90,000 people living per square kilometer.

The world overpopulation is a growing and complex problem. But for the residents of Manila the result is quite simple. They are running out of space. Families live in home-made shacks built in cemeteries, of between railroad tracks or under bridges. They live wherever they can find some space. Even the city’s toxic garbage dumps are home to people who eat, sleep and live surrounded by rotting trash. With so many residents, the city’s resources are strained to the limit. Large parts of Manila’s 12 million residents lack clean drinking water, work, and access to healthcare and education.

1. What is the average density in manila?

2. What do most of manila’s residents lack?

3. What was the population of the Philippines in 1980?

4. Where do homeless people in manila live?

5. How many inhabitants are there in manila?

VIII. Add question tags to the following statements.

1. Baird didn’t produce the first TV picture before 1920, ?

2. There are many interesting programs tonight, ?

3. Linh didn’t feel confident in her favorite clothes, ?

4. The two cities are not the same in some ways, ?

5. Her listening isn’t excellent, ?

6. Maryam couldn’t stay for longer time, ?

7. My sister has to make this room tidy, ?

8. This poet has mentioned the Ao Dai in poems, ?

9. Lan used to walk past the mosque on her way to primary school, ?

10. Nobody wrote poems yesterday, ?

IX. Use the words in brackets to complete the sentences. Use “much/ a bit” ... + a comparative form. Use than where necessary.

1. Her illness was much more serious than we thought at first. (much/ serious)

2. This bag is too small. I need something . (much/ big)

3. I’m afraid the problem is it seems. (much/ complicated)

4. It was very hot yesterday. Today it’s . (a bit/ cool)

5. I enjoyed our visit to the museum. It was I expected. (far/ interesting)

6. You’re driving too fast. Can you drive ? (a bit/ slowly)

7. It’s to learn a foreign language in a country where it is spoken. (a lot/easy)

8. I thought she was younger than me, but in fact she’s . (slightly/old)

X. Which is correct “older” or “elder”? Or both of them?

1. My older/elder sister is a TV producer. (older and elder are both correct)

2. I’m surprised Diane is only 25. I thought she was older/elder.

3. Jane’s younger sister is still at school. Her older/elder sister is a nurse.

4. Martin is older/elder than his brother.

THE SECOND TERM TEST

I. Choose the word that has the underlined part pronounced differently from that of the others.

II.

III. Choose the best options to complete these sentences.

1. books are here are there.

2.

3.

4.

5. You should look right and left when you go the road.

A. down B. across C. up D. along

6. You found the plot of the film .............

A. boring B. bored C. interested D. acting

7. A lot of dancers go to Rio de Janeiro to the Carnival.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13. Have you ever to Sapa?

A. seen B. be C. visited D. gone

14. Don’t eat that type of fish, you may have a/an .............

A. energy B. sick C. sore D. allergy

15. What do I need to cook an omelet?

A. menu B. food C. material D. ingredients

16. My cousin, Hoa, is the same age me.

A. as B. of C. too D. like

17. A lot of flowers in Da Lat throughout the year.

A. grow B. grew C. are grown D. grown

18. bottles of milk does your family need for a week?

A. How B. How many C. How much D. How old

19. My brother doesn’t like ice-skating because he thinks it is .............

A. dangerous B. endangered C. danger D. in danger

20. Eating a lot of junk food may lead to your .............

A. fitness B. obesity C. pain D. stomachache

IV. Fill in the missing preposition of time.

It was one of my usual days. I got up (1) 7 o’clock (2) the morning, washed, dressed and had breakfast (3) 7.30. Then I went to my office. There I worked with the documents till 1 o’clock (4) the afternoon. Then I had lunch (5) 1.30. After that I looked at my diary and saw that I had an important meeting with my companions (6) 3 p.m. in the cafe (7) Monday afternoon. I was short of time. I was in a hurry and forgot to take some important documents with me. I was forced to return to my office. As you could guess I was late. It was awful! I was in the café (8) 20 minutes. Luckily my companions were still there. I apologized for my being late and explained what had happened. Then we discussed some questions about the company. It was a hard day.

V. Read the passage and answer the following questions.

Among the many special dishes in Ha Noi, pho is the most popular. It is a special kind of Vietnamese soup. We can enjoy Pho for all kinds of meals during the day, from breakfast to dinner, and even for late night snack. Pho has a very special taste. The rice noodles are made from the best variety of rice. The broth for pho bo (beef noodle soup) is made by stewing the bones of cows for a long time in a large pot. The broth for another kind of pho, pho ga (chicken noodle soup) is made by stewing chicken bones. The chicken meat served with pho ga is boneless and cut into thin slices It’s so delicious.

1. When can we enjoy pho?

2. How is the chicken meat served with pho ga?

3. What are the rice noodles made from?

4. How is the broth for pho bo made?

VI. Read the following passage and decide if it is T or F.

Many people still believe that natural resources will never be used up. Actually, world’s energy resources are limited. Nobody knows exactly how much fuel is left. However, we also should use them economically and try to find out alternative sources of power. According to Professor Marvin Burnharm of the New England Institute of Technology, we have to start

conserving coal, oil and gas before it is too late; and nuclear power is the only alternative.

However, many people disagree to use nuclear power because it’s very dangerous. What would happen if there was a serious nuclear accident? Radioactivity causes cancer and may badly affect the future generations. The most effective thing is that we should use natural resources as economical as possible.

True/ False

1. Natural resources will run out. 1.

2. The world’s energy resources are unlimited. 2.

3. We should use fuel economically. 3.

4. Many people agree to use nuclear power as an 4. alternative energy.

VII. Reorder the words/ phrases to make complete sentences.

1. this time tomorrow/ English/ They/ will be learning.

2. to save/ will reduce/ our energy/ the use of electricity/ We.

3. biogas/ is/ cooking and heating/ I think/ for/ abundant and cheap.

4. we use/ travelling long distances/ public transportation/ Will/ when /?

VIII. Rewrite these sentences so that the meaning stays the same to the first.

1. We will use sources of energy more effectively for our future.

Sources of energy

2. We will solve the problem of energy shortage by using solar energy.

The problem of energy shortage

3. They will replace coal by another renewable source.

Coal

4. They will use flying cars to travel from place to another place..

Flying cars

IX. Rewrite the sentences, using the frequency of adverbs in bracket.

1. Have you been to London? (ever)

2. Peter doesn’t get up before seven. (usually)

3. Our friends must write tests. (often)

4. They go swimming in the lake. (sometimes)

5. The weather is bad in November. (always)

6. Peggy and Frank are late. (usually)

7. I have met him before. (never)

8. John watches TV. (seldom)

9. I was in contact with my sister. (often)

10. She will love him. (always)

X. Add tag questions to the following sentences.

1. Everyone can learn how to swim, ?

2. Nobody cheated in the exam, ?

3. Nothing went wrong while I was gone, ?

4. I am invited, ?

5. This bridge is not very safe, ?

6. He has a bicycle, ?

7. Peter would like to come with us to the party, ?

8. Those aren’t Fred’s books, ?

9. You have never been to Paris, ?

10. Something is wrong with Jane today, ?

ĐÁP ÁN

UNIT 12

PART 2: EXERCISES

A. PHONETICS I.

Stress on the 1^st syllable Stress on the 2^nd syllable Stress on the 3^rd syllable

Easter, natural, crowded, megacity, water, criminal, energy, slavery, festival

perform, behind, disaster, imagine, affect, pollution, enormous, enjoy, explosion

population, overcrowded

II.

1. A 2. A 3. D 4. A 5. B

B. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR I.

1. C 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. D

6. D 7. B 8. D 9. A 10. A

11. A 12. C 13. C 14. A 15. D

II.

III.

1. The toilets are in the streets.

2. Mumbai is located on the western coast of India.

3. Yes, it is. Because it is home to Bollywood, the centre of Hindu movie industry.

4. There are 12 different neighbourhoods in Dharavi.

5. They can crack and take in sewage.

D. WRITING I.

1. Shanghai has more skyscrapers than Jakarta.

2. You didn’t remember to turn off the T.V last night, did you?

3. The countryside suffers less pollution than the city.

4. Why don’t you go to work by bike?

5. Tokyo has fewer billionaires than New York.

6. More trees will be planted along this street.

7. Overpopulation causes a lot of social problems in this area, doesn’t it?

8. Pollution is the most serious problem, isn’t it?

9. Did a group of foreigners visit the slums last week?

10. Mr Lam used to live in the country when he was a child.

PART 3: TEST YOURSELF

I.

1. A 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. D

II.

1. C 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. B

III.

1. A 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. C

6. B 7. B 8. B 9. A 10. C

1. will they 2. hasn’t he

3. didn’t you 4. can they

5. doesn’t he 6. doesn’t she

7. will he 8. weren’t there

9. may not it 10. should we

V.

1. their 2. noisy 3. peaceful 4. crowds 5 live

6. because 7. built 8. work 9. area 10. more

VI.

1. population 2. poverty 3. development

4. increasing 5. administrations 6. conditions

7. megacities 8. order 9. contributes

10. although

VII.

1. It is 66,140 people per square kilometers.

2. They lack clean drinking water, work, and access to healthcare and education.

3. It was fifty million people/ inhabitants.

4. They live in home-made shacks built in cemeteries, or between railroad tracks or under bridges. / They live wherever they can find some space.

5. There are 12 million (inhabitants).

VIII.

1. did he? 2. aren’t there? 3. did she?

4. are they? 5. is it? 6. could she?

7. doesn’t she? 8. hasn’t it? 9. didn’t she?

10. did they?

IX.

1. 2. much bigger

3. much more complicated than 4. a bit cooler

5. far more interesting than 6. a bit more slowly

7. a lot easier 8. slightly older

X.

2. older 3. older or elder 4. older

THE SECOND TERM TEST

I.

1. C 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. C

II.

1. A 2. C 3. B 4. D

III.

1. D 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. B

6. A 7. B 8. C 9. B 10. C

11. C 12. A 13. D 14. D 15. D

16. A 17. C 18. B 19. A 20. B

IV.

1. at 2. in 3. at 4. in

5. at 6. at 7. on 8. in

V.

1. We can enjoy Pho during the day.

2. The chicken meat served with pho ga is boneless and cut into thin slices.

3. The rice noodles are made from the best variety of rice.

4. The broth for pho bo (beef noodle soup) is made by stewing the bones of cows for a long time in a large pot.

VI.

1. T 2. F 3. T 4. F

VII.

1. They will be learning English at this time tomorrow.

2. We will reduce the use of electricity to save our energy.

3. I think biogas is abundant and cheap for cooking and heating.

4. Will we use public transportation when travelling long distances?

VIII.

1. Sources of energy will be used more effectively for our future.

2. The problem of energy shortage will be solved by using solar energy.

3. Coal will be replaced by another renewable source.

4. Flying cars will be used to travel from place to another place.

IX.

1. Have you ever been to London?

2. Peter doesn’t usually get up before seven.

3. Our friends must often write tests.

4. They sometimes go swimming in the lake.

5. The weather is always bad in November.

6. Peggy and Frank are usually late.

7. I have never met him before.

8. John seldom watches TV.

9. I was often in contact with my sister.

10. She will always love him.

X.