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UNIT 1 (E8)

PHONETICS

1. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined. Read the words aloud.

1. Put the words in the box into two groups

GRAMMAR& VOCABULARY

1. Complete the sentences in Mai’s email with the correct form of the verb in brackets.

Hi, Susan!

Well, I’m here in Ha Noi, now. I see quite a lot of my cousin Hoa because we (1) (enjoy/ do)

the same things. I have some new friends called David and John. David is

very good at computers and he (2) (not mind/ help)

me so that’s good. John is

really nice too. He (3) (play) basketball and he (4) (go/ skateboard)

quite a lot. His brother Toby is 18 and he’s really cool but he (5) (prefer/ play)

football. I (6) (do

gymnastics once a week and Hoa (7) (do)

karate. She prefers indoor sports because she (8) (not like/ get) cold! Write soon!

1. Choose the correct option A, B, C or D to complete the sentences.
   1. Mai enjoys to music, especially pop music in her free time.
      1. hearing B. playing C. listening D. taking
   2. My grandparents love very much. There are a lot of beautiful flowers and fresh vegetables in their garden.
      1. doing garden B. doing gardening C. do gardening D. to do garden
   3. You should avoid

too much TV. It’s not good for your eyes.

• • 1. seeing B. looking C. watching D. glancing
  1. Nga likes with her close friend on Saturday evenings. She feels relaxing.
     1. window shop B. window to shop C. window shops D. window shopping
  2. Lan used to love in front of the computer for hours but now she doesn’t. she takes part in a judo club.
     1. using B, sitting C. doing D. having
  3. Minh is very hard-working boy. He doesn’t mind evenings.

a lot of homework in the

• • 1. making B, reading C. seeing D. doing
  1. Do you fancy around the West Lake with me this Sunday morning?
     1. going B. having C. staying D. moving
  2. I don’t like

up early in the winter days. I love

in bed late.

• • 1. getting/ stay B. get/ stay C. getting/ staying D. get/ staying
  1. Mai’s dad likes

spring rolls when her family has parties.

• • 1. doing B. making C. cooking D. trying
  1. Why don’t we

our parents with some DIY projects? I think it’s useful.

• • 1. help B. do C. make D. give

READING

1. Read the following paragraph and complete it with one suitable word.

Millions of teenagers enjoy (1) video games. Some play them at home. Others play them in arcades. These games are good fun (2) players must be careful.

Teenagers should not spend much time on these games (3) they can become tired, dizzy and even obese. If they use computer too much, they won’t have time for their families and friends. People who are addicted to computer games don’t like to join any clubs or plays any sports. They like (4) _ in front of the computer all the time. One doctor says, “ This is very bad for your people. They must take part in activities with others. All young people should play outdoors and develop their social skills. They should be with people of their own age. They should spend only a small part of their time playing video (5) .they mustn’t forget to do other things too.

1. Choose the correct word A, B, or C for each gap to complete the following passage.

I go on the Internet every day, but I’ve never (1) online. I’ve got a laptop and also smartphone, so I can (2)

more than an hour at a time the Internet everywhere.

Today, for instance, I’ve been (3)

three times.

Mainly I just (4) my friends. I read online magazines and I look (5) information, too. I also compare prices of things, (6) I’ve never bought anything online because I don’t think it’s safe.

I’m not an Internet addict, but some of my friends (7)

. One friend of mine always looks

(8)

because he spends all night online. Although he’s got a lot of bad marks for the

exams, he hasn’t (9)

_ his habits.

In my experience, it is very useful for people who use the Internet (10) _.

• 1. A. spend B. spending C. spent
  2. A. have B. use C. play
  3. A. online B. Internet C. computer
  4. A. write B. email C. send
  5. A. at B. in C. for
  6. A. because B. but C. happily
  7. A. is B. were C. are
  8. A. tired B. hard C. happily
  9. A. change B. to change C. changed
  10. A. sensible B. sensibly C. sensibleness

1. Read the passage about British and American teenagers, and answer the questions: Sport: In the UK, football, rugby, tennis and basketball are the most popular sports for teenagers. In the USA, American football, athletics, basketball and baseball are popular.

The Internet and television: Teenagers in both the UK and the USA today watch television less than before but they use the Internet more. They spend over 25 hours a week online.

Pocket money and shopping: The average teenager in the UK gets about £7 a week pocket money. In the USA it is about $10. They spend their money on clothes and going out, but magazines, presents and snacks are so important.

Friends: The average British and American teenager has seven close friends. He or she has sixteen online friends on social network websites.

• 1. Which sports do British and American teenagers play in their free time?
  2. How long do they spend online?
  3. How much pocket money do they get?
  4. What do they spend it on?
  5. How many online friends do they have?

WRITING

1. Make up sentences using the words and phrases given
   1. Internet/ change/ way/ we/ communicate.
   2. I/ email/ my/ pen pal/ Australia.
   3. Do/ think/ spending/ you/ much/ too/ time/ is/ the/ on/ Internet/ harmful?
   4. Are/ sides/ the/ positive/ and/ negative/ what/ of/ the/ Internet/?
   5. Internet/ the/ useful/ is/, / but/ also/ it’s/ a/ place/ dangerous/.
2. Rearrange the sentences to make a suitable text about the research finding, “ Teens who use social media too much have lower grades and how to solve it” by writing the correct number (1-10) in each blank.

A. One 2010 study showed that only 37% of “heavy” media users had grades lower than the average, while 35% of “light” social users were lower in average grades.

B. Other studies have found a negative relationship between social media usage and overall Grade Point Average (GPA).

C. But does too much time social networking harm students’ schoolwork?

D. One small girl said that checking text message and Facebook on her smartphone was the biggest obstacle to her homework.

E. Several studies have showed opposite results.

F. Some students are turning on software such as “Block Facebook” to block certain websites on their computers, and allow them to have only certain amounts of time on Facebook so that they can focus on homework.

G. Social networking can help connect people with friends, give people the chance to share pictures online, and help people communicate easily.

H. One study stated that “sending text message and using Facebook while doing homework were bad for overall GPA”.

I. According to Facebook in 2016 there are over 618 million active users per day, and over a billion active users per month.

J. In this study, there was no relation between an excess of social media and a below average grades.

1. Write a paragraph about the topic: “ Whether parents help children with social network”, using the cues given.
   1. There/ both/ many good things/ many potential dangers/ social network.
   2. It/ important for parents/ teach/ their children/ how use/ social media wisely.
   3. Social network/ be/ start of bad things/ like cyber bulling.
   4. Recent reports/ say/ many teenagers/ have/ online contact/ strangers/ and/ it/ make/ them/ feel scared or uncomfortable.
   5. Others/ receive/ online advertising/ that/ be/ inappropriate for their age.
   6. It/ be/ important/ parents/ be/ aware of/ what/ children/ doing online.
   7. Parents/ make/ children/ understand that/ they respect/ children’s privacy.
   8. However/ parents/ want/ make sure/ children/ be safe.

TEST 1

1. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined

1. Put the words in brackets into the right forms to complete the sentences.
2. I like cooking in my free time. It makes me feel .
3. My sister doesn’t like surfing the Internet, she says it is .
4. Skateboarding is her hobby. It is also one of the most sports of the teenagers in this town.
5. My close friend gave me a present on my birthday. I like it so much.
6. My brother works as a volunteer for an animal protection . He really loves his job.

RELAX BORE POPULARITY

WONDER ORGANIZE

1. Fill each blank with a word/ phrase in the box.

• 1. Nick has just bought a CD of Vietnamese folk song and he thinks he’ll enjoy listening to the .
  2. While Nick was learning Japanese, he liked Doraemon.
  3. My friends gave me some interesting short stories on my birthday because they know that I like reading .
  4. Tam lives near the coast of Da Nang so he likes playing beach with his friends after school.
  5. Hobbies such as collecting stamps or are very interesting.
  6. How much do people in the US have on average day?
  7. Minh hates the same thing everyday.
  8. What are the three activities that pupils in Viet Nam do in their free time?
  9. How much time a day do you spend on , Phuc?
  10. Which activity do you like best , football, badminton or ?

1. Read the article and choose the best answer

LEISURE IN BRITAIN

The British spend their free time in different ways. People generally use it to relax but many people also (1) voluntary work, especially for charities.

People spend a lot of their free time in the home, where the (2) popular leisure activity is watching television, the average viewing time being 25 hours a week. People often

1. programs on videos so that they can watch later, and video recorders are also used
2. watching videos hired from a video rental shop.

Reading is also favourite way of spending leisure time. The British spend a lot of time reading newspapers and magazines. In the summer gardening is popular, and in winter it is

often replaced by “do – it – yourself”, (5)

people spend their time improving or

repairing their homes. Many people have pets to look after; taking the dog for a daily walk is a regular routine.

The extra leisure time (6) at weekends means that some leisure activities, many of them to do with sport, normally (7) place only then. Traditional spectator sports include football, cricket, horse racing, motor racing and motor cycle racing. Popular forms of (8) are swimming, tennis, ice-skating or roller skating, cycling, climbing, and hill or country walking.

Families often have a “day out” at the weekend, especially in summer, with a (9)

to a local event such as a festival, fair or show. Young people especially go to clubs and discos, while people of all (10) go to the theatre, the cinema, art exhibitions and concerts.

• • 1. A. dragB. bring C. carry D. take
    2. A. strength B. exercise C. athletics D. presentation
    3. A. voyage B. journey C. visit D. road
    4. A. agesB. numbers C. years D. groups

1. Read the passage carefully, and do the tasks that follow. Task 1. Match the heading (A-E) to the paragraph (1-5)
2. No computers for two days.
3. Never again!
4. Homework wasn’t as easy.
5. I used my phone more.
6. I didn’t want to listen to them talking!

No computer day! How did you survive?

1. Ben, Luton, UK

It was very difficult. I had quite a lot of homework to do. Usually, I use the computer to find information and I write my essay on it. My dad has lots of books, atlases and reference books, but almost all of them are out of date. It wasn’t difficult to find information, but it took more time.

1. Jenny, Des Moines, USA

I didn’t have email contact with my friends. I hate it! I sent a lot of texts. A few of my friends also turned off their computers, but most of them didn’t. On Sunday, there were lots of emails to read.

1. David, Los Angeles, USA

I usually listen to sports on the Internet on Saturdays. I can listen to baseball from anywhere in the USA or football from Europe. I listened to my mum’s small kitchen radio. It was awful. There was no football at all. I won’t join in the next “no computer” day.

1. Sara, Richmond, UK

My main problem was music. The batteries in my MP3 player were flat. I don’t have a DVD player – only on my computer – so I listened to the radio. It wasn’t very good. A few DJs are OK, but most of them talk too much.

1. Lisa, Swansea, Wales

I read a lot. My mum has some good books. It was very relaxing. Usually my eyes hurt in

the evening. Last Saturday, there were fine. I went to bed earlier, too. The next day, I didn’t turn on my computer at all. I wanted to finish my book.

Task 2: Match the words/ phrases (6 – 10) with their meanings (F-J_. Write the answer in each blank.

6. Survive (v) F. a device giving electricity

7. Atlas (n) G. continue to live

8. Out of date (a) H. a book of maps

9. Battery (n) I. not working

10. Flat (a) J. no longer used

1. Rewrite the following sentences so that their meaning stays the same, using the words given.
   1. He uses all his free time to look after his garden. (spends)
   2. He likes to listen to pop music than to watch TV after school. (prefers)
   3. Making crafts or collecting things like stamps and coins are very interesting. (It’s)
   4. We usually visit museums when we have leisure time. (enjoy)
   5. I don’t like to get up early and prepare breakfast in the cold winter days. (hate)
   6. Vinh really loves to hang out with friends. (enjoys)
   7. Playing beach games is very interesting. (it is)
   8. It is not a good idea to spend too much time on computer games. (better to avoid)
   9. My parents insist me on learning something interesting. (wants)
   10. Jenny finds reading poetry boring. (dislikes)
2. Use the suggestions below to write a short paragraph of around 100 words about the benefits of playing sports for children.
   • Topic sentence: Benefits of playing sports
   • Supporting idea 1: Playing sports is fun and exciting
   • Supporting idea 2: Playing sports keep kids strong, fit and healthy
   • Supporting idea 3: sports help develop teamwork and leadership skills
   • Concluding sentence: children should play sports

KEY UNIT 1

PHONETICS

1. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined. Read the words aloud.
   1. A. sound B. cloud C. found D. favourite
   2. A. tool B. noon C. door D, school
   3. A. know B. show C. now D. low
   4. A. crafts B. comics C. streets D. stamps
   5. A. mentions B, questions C. action D. education
   6. A. prize B. drill C. brick D. trim
   7. A. broom B. proof C. blood D. troop
   8. A. practice B. cracker C. tractor D. bracelet
   9. A. trophy B. problem C. broccoli D. drop
   10. A. trunk B. prudential C. brush D. crush
2. Put the words in the box into two groups

GRAMMAR& VOCABULARY

1. Complete the sentences in Mai’s email with the correct form of the verb in brackets.

Hi, Susan!

Well, I’m here in Ha Noi, now. I see quite a lot of my cousin Hoa because we (1) (enjoy/ do)

_ENJOY DOING the same things. I have some new friends called David and John. David is very good at computers and he (2) (not mind/ help) _DOESN’T MIND HELPING me so that’s good. John is really nice too. He (3) (play)

_PLAYS basketball and he (4) (go/ skateboard) _GOES SKATEBOARDING quite a lot. His brother Toby is 18 and he’s really cool but he (5) (prefer/ play) _PREFERS TO PLAY football. I (6) (do) DO gymnastics once a week and Hoa (7) (do) _DOES karate. She prefers indoor sports because she (8) (not like/ get) _DOESN’T LIKE GETTING cold! Write soon!

1. Choose the correct option A, B, C or D to complete the sentences.
   1. Mai enjoys to music, especially pop music in her free time.
      1. hearing B. playing C. listening D. taking
   2. My grandparents love very much. There are a lot of beautiful flowers and fresh vegetables in their garden.
      1. doing garden B. doing gardening C. do gardening D. to do garden
   3. You should avoid too much TV. It’s not good for your eyes.
      1. seeing B. looking C. watching D. glancing
   4. Nga likes with her close friend on Saturday evenings. She feels relaxing.
      1. window shop B. window to shop C. window shops D. window shopping
   5. Lan used to love in front of the computer for hours but now she doesn’t. she takes part in a judo club.
      1. using B, sitting C. doing D. having
   6. Minh is very hard-working boy. He doesn’t mind evenings.

a lot of homework in the

• • 1. making B, reading C. seeing D. doing
  1. Do you fancy around the West Lake with me this Sunday morning? A. going B. having C. staying D. moving
  2. I don’t like

up early in the winter days. I love

in bed late.

• • 1. getting/ stay B. get/ stay C. getting/ staying D. get/ staying
  1. Mai’s dad likes

spring rolls when her family has parties.

• • 1. doing B. making C. cooking D. trying
  1. Why don’t we

our parents with some DIY projects? I think it’s useful.

• • 1. help B. do C. make D. give

READING

1. Read the following paragraph and complete it with one suitable word.

Millions of teenagers enjoy (1)playing video games. Some play them at home. Others play them in arcades. These games are good fun (2) butplayers must be careful.

Teenagers should not spend much time on these games (3) becausethey can become tired, dizzy and even obese. If they use computer too much, they won’t have time for their families and friends. People who are addicted to computer games don’t like to join any clubs or plays any sports. They like (4) sitting in front of the computer all the time. One doctor says, “ This is very bad for your people. They must take part in activities with others. All young people should play outdoors and develop their social skills. They should be with people of their own age. They should spend only a small part of their time playing video (5)games .They mustn’t forget to do other things too.

1. Choose the correct word A, B, or C for each gap to complete the following passage.

I go on the Internet every day, but I’ve never (1) more than an hour at a time online. I’ve got a laptop and also smartphone, so I can (2) the Internet everywhere. Today, for instance, I’ve been (3) three times.

Mainly I just (4) my friends. I read online magazines and I look (5) information, too. I also compare prices of things, (6) I’ve never bought anything online because I don’t think it’s safe.

I’m not an Internet addict, but some of my friends (7) . One friend of mine always looks (8) because he spends all night online. Although he’s got a lot of bad marks for the exams, he hasn’t (9) his habits.

In my experience, it is very useful for people who use the Internet (10).

1. A. change B. to change C. changed
2. A. sensible B. sensibly C. sensibleness
3. Read the passage about British and American teenagers, and answer the questions: Sport: In the UK, football, rugby, tennis and basketball are the most popular sports for teenagers. In the USA, American football, athletics, basketball and baseball are popular.

The Internet and television: Teenagers in both the UK and the USA today watch television less than before but they use the Internet more. They spend over 25 hours a week online.

Pocket money and shopping: The average teenager in the UK gets about £7 a week pocket money. In the USA it is about $10. They spend their money on clothes and going out, but magazines, presents and snacks are so important.

Friends: The average British and American teenager has seven close friends. He or she has sixteen online friends on social network websites.

• 1. Which sports do British and American teenagers play in their free time?

In the UK they play football, rugby, tennis and basketball, while in the USA they play American football, athletics, basketball and baseball.

• 1. How long do they spend online?

They spend over 25 hours a week online.

• 1. How much pocket money do they get?

The average teenager in the UK gets about £7 a week pocket money. In the USA it is about $10.

• 1. What do they spend it on?

They spend their money on clothes and going out, but magazines, presents and snacks are also important.

• 1. How many online friends do they have? They have sixteen online friends.

WRITING

1. Make up sentences using the words and phrases’ given
   1. Internet/ change/ way/ we/ communicate. Internet has changed the way we communicate.
   2. I/ email/ my/ pen pal/ Australia.

I’ve emailed my pen pal in Australia.

• 1. Do/ think/ spending/ you/ much/ too/ time/ is/ the/ on/ Internet/ harmful? Do you think spending too much time on the Internet is harmful?
  2. Are/ sides/ the/ positive/ and/ negative/ what/ of/ the/ Internet/? What are the positive and negative sides of the Internet?
  3. Internet/ the/ useful/ is/, / but/ also/ it’s/ a/ place/ dangerous/. The Internet is useful, but It’s also a dangerous place.

1. Rearrange the sentences to make a suitable text about the research finding, “ Teens who use social media too much have lower grades and how to solve it” by writing the correct number (1-10) in each blank.

5_ A. One 2010 study showed that only 37% of “heavy” media users had grades lower than the average, while 35% of “light” social users were lower in average grades.

7 B. Other studies have found a negative relationship between social media usage and overall Grade Point Average (GPA).

3 _C. But does too much time social networking harm students’ schoolwork?

9 D. One small girl said that checking text message and Facebook on her smartphone was the biggest obstacle to her homework.

4 E. Several studies have showed opposite results.

10 F. Some students are turning on software such as “Block Facebook” to block certain websites on their computers, and allow them to have only certain amounts of time on Facebook so that they can focus on homework.

1 G. Social networking can help connect people with friends, give people the chance to share pictures online, and help people communicate easily.

8 H. One study stated that “sending text message and using Facebook while doing homework were bad for overall GPA”.

2 I. According to Facebook in 2016 there are over 618 million active users per day, and over a billion active users per month.

6 J. In this study, there was no relation between an excess of social media and a below average grades.

1. Write a paragraph about the topic: “ Whether parents help children with social network”, using the cues given.
   1. There/ both/ many good things/ many potential dangers/ social network.

There are both many good things and many potential dangers about social media.

• 1. It/ important for parents/ teach/ their children/ how use/ social media wisely.

It is important for parents to teach their children how to use social media wisely.

• 1. Social network/ be/ start of bad things/ like cyber bulling. Social network can be the start of bad things like cyber bulling.
  2. Recent reports/ say/ many teenagers/ have/ online contact/ strangers/ and/ it/ make/ them/ feel scared or uncomfortable.

The recent reports about the matter say that many teenagers have online contact with strangers and it makes them feel scared or uncomfortable.

• 1. Others/ receive/ online advertising/ that/ be/ inappropriate for their age. Others have received online advertising that was inappropriate for their age.
  2. It/ be/ important/ parents/ be/ aware of/ what/ children/ doing online.

It is important for parents to be aware of what their children are doing online.

• 1. Parents/ make/ children/ understand that/ they respect/ children’s privacy.

Parents should make their children understand that they respect their children’s privacy.

• 1. However/ parents/ want/ make sure/ children/ be safe. However, parents want to make sure that their children are safe.

KEY TEST 1

1. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined

1. Put the words in brackets into the right forms to complete the sentences.

He really loves his job.

1. Fill each blank with a word/ phrase in the box.

• 1. Nick has just bought a CD of Vietnamese folk song and he thinks he’ll enjoy listening to the .
  2. While Nick was learning Japanese, he liked Doraemon.
  3. My friends gave me some interesting short stories on my birthday because they know that I like reading .
  4. Tam lives near the coast of Da Nang so he likes playing beach with his friends after school.
  5. Hobbies such as collecting stamps or are very interesting.
  6. How much do people in the US have on average day?
  7. Minh hates the same thing everyday.
  8. What are the three activities that pupils in Viet Nam do in their free time?
  9. How much time a day do you spend on , Phuc?
  10. Which activity do you like best , football, badminton or ?

1. Read the article and choose the best answer

LEISURE IN BRITAIN

The British spend their free time in different ways. People generally use it to relax but many people also (1) voluntary work, especially for charities.

People spend a lot of their free time in the home, where the (2) popular leisure activity is watching television, the average viewing time being 25 hours a week. People often

• 1. programs on videos so that they can watch later, and video recorders are also used
  2. _watching videos hired from a video rental shop.

Reading is also favourite way of spending leisure time. The British spend a lot of time reading newspapers and magazines. In the summer gardening is popular, and in winter it is

often replaced by “do – it – yourself”, (5)

people spend their time improving or

repairing their homes. Many people have pets to look after; taking the dog for a daily walk is a regular routine.

The extra leisure time (6) at weekends means that some leisure activities, many of them to do with sport, normally (7) place only then. Traditional spectator sports include football, cricket, horse racing, motor racing and motor cycle racing. Popular forms of (8) are swimming, tennis, ice-skating or roller skating, cycling, climbing, and hill or country walking.

Families often have a “day out” at the weekend, especially in summer, with a (9)

to a local event such as a festival, fair or show. Young people especially go to clubs and discos, while people of all (10) go to the theatre, the cinema, art exhibitions and concerts.

• • 1. A. make B. do C. play D. go
    2. A. many B. more C. much D. most
    3. A. record B. scan C. print D. power
    4. A. with B. for C. on D. about
    5. A. what B. why C. when D. while
    6. A. available B. probable C. abundant D. exclusive
    7. A. dragB. bring C. carry D. take
    8. A. strength B. exercise C. athletics D. presentation
    9. A. voyage B. journey C. visit D. road
    10. A. agesB. numbers C. years D. groups

1. Read the passage carefully, and do the tasks that follow. Task 1. Match the heading (A-E) to the paragraph (1-5)
2. No computers for two days.
3. Never again!
4. Homework wasn’t as easy.
5. I used my phone more.
6. I didn’t want to listen to them talking!
7. Ben, Luton, UK

C

It was very difficult. I had quite a lot of homework to do. Usually, I use the computer to

find information and I write my essay on it. My dad has lots of books, atlases and reference books, but almost all of them are out of date. It wasn’t difficult to find information, but it took more time.

1. Jenny, Des Moines, USA

D

I didn’t have email contact with my friends. I hate it! I sent a lot of texts. A few of my friends also turned off their computers, but most of them didn’t. On Sunday, there were lots of emails to read.

1. David, Los Angeles, USA

B

I usually listen to sports on the Internet on Saturdays. I can listen to baseball from anywhere in the USA or football from Europe. I listened to my mum’s small kitchen radio. It was awful. There was no football at all. I won’t join in the next “no computer” day.

1. Sara, Richmond, UK

E

My main problem was music. The batteries in my MP3 player were flat. I don’t have a DVD player – only on my computer – so I listened to the radio. It wasn’t very good. A few DJs are OK, but most of them talk too much.

1. Lisa, Swansea, Wales

A

I read a lot. My mum has some good books. It was very relaxing. Usually my eyes hurt in the evening. Last Saturday, there were fine. I went to bed earlier, too. The next day, I didn’t turn on my computer at all. I wanted to finish my book.

Task 2: Match the words/ phrases (6 – 10) with their meanings (F-J_. Write the answer in each blank.

G 6. Survive (v) F. a device giving electricity

H 7. Atlas (n) G. continue to live

J 8. Out of date (a) H. a book of maps

F 9. Battery (n) I. not working

I 10. Flat (a) J. no longer used

1. Rewrite the following sentences so that their meaning stays the same, using the words given.
   1. He uses all his free time to look after his garden. (spends) He spends all his free time looking after his garden.
   2. He likes to listen to pop music than to watch TV after school. (prefers)

He prefers listening to pop music to watching TV after school.

• 1. Making crafts or collecting things like stamps and coins are very interesting. (It’s) It’s very interesting to make crafts or collect things like stamps and coins.
  2. We usually visit museums when we have leisure time. (enjoy) We enjoy visiting museums when we have leisure time.
  3. I don’t like to get up early and prepare breakfast in the cold winter days. (hate) I hate getting up early and preparing breakfast in the cold winter days.
  4. Vinh really loves to hang out with friends. (enjoys) Vinh really enjoys hanging out with friends.
  5. Playing beach games is very interesting. (it is) It is very interesting to play beach games.
  6. It is not a good idea to spend too much time on computer games. (better to avoid) It is better to avoid spending too much time on computer games.
  7. My parents insist me on learning something interesting. (wants) My parents want me to learn something interesting
  8. Jenny finds reading poetry boring. (dislikes) Jenny dislikes reading poetry.

UNIT 2 (E8)

LIFE IN THE COUNTRYSIDE

1. NEW WORDS, STRUCTURES AND GRAMMAR
2. New words

1. Grammar: Comparative forms of adverbs

• S + V + short Adv + “er” + (than) ……..

E.g: Let’s run faster.

• S + V + more/ less + long Adv + (than) ……… E.g: Can you walk more slowly?

1. EXERCISES
2. Choose the word having the underlined part pronounced differently in each line.

1. Put the words in the box into two groups.

1. Put the words in brackets into the right forms to complete the sentences.
2. People in my country are very open and ……………………. I like to go there when I have free time. (friend)
3. Some of my ……………………. live in the countryside. (relate)
4. Some people say that the country is more ……………………. for the people who are retired. (suit)
5. Entertainment is difficult to find in the country, ……………………. in the evening.

(particular)

1. Natural disasters can ……………………. destroy a harvest and leave the farmers with little or no money until the following year. (easy)
2. Use the adjectives or adverbs in brackets in their correct forms of comparison to complete the sentences.
3. Minh says life in the countryside is ……………………. he expected. He’ll go there whenever he has free time. (interesting)
4. My brother is studying at a university in Ha Noi. He often says he loves living in our village because people here are ……………………. people in Ha Noi. (friendly)
5. Last week we went to Sa Pa. It’s ……………………. to look at the paddy fields on mountain slops than the paddy fields on the lowlands. (wonderful)
6. My grandparents often tell us that they used to live in a ……………………. life than it is now. (hard)
7. Living in the countryside is ……………………. and ……………………. living in big cities.

(peaceful, quiet)

1. The cost of living in my town is ……………………. in this area. (expensive)
2. Living in modern flocks of flats is ……………………. other places. You can buy everything you want just on the ground floor. (convenient)
3. City children have ……………………. life than the country children. (exciting)
4. He is a famous athletic so of course he runs ……………………. me. (fast)
5. My grandfather says that farmers in the past worked ……………………. farmers nowadays. (hard)
6. Fill each blank with a word/ phrase in the box.

rice countryside herding

harvest time buffalo-drawn carts colourful

buffalo

fantastic

busiest time

noisier than

• 1. At the ……………………., my brother always helps my parents load the rice onto the truck and drives it home.
  2. I often help my parents dry the ……………………. in the yard in front of my house.
  3. Some farmers in my village still use ……………………. to transport rice home.
  4. He usually goes ……………………. the buffaloes with other boys in his village.
  5. My pen pal friend says he would like to visit my ……………………. at harvest time to see what farmers do.
  6. My friend has never ridden a ……………………. so he would like to try once.
  7. Harvest time is the ……………………. of the year in the countryside.
  8. Our garden is ……………………. in spring when almost flowers bloom.
  9. I like looking at the stars on starry nights. It’s …………………….
  10. My uncle lives in the city. He says it’s ……………………. my village.

1. Read the following paragraph and complete it with one suitable word in each blank.

My grandmother told me that our village (1) ……………………. very poor many years ago. The villagers had to work hard in the fields all day but they could not earn enough for their living. Their lives were very simple. Many people had to (2) ……………………. in houses made of straw and mud.

Nowadays my village has (3) ……………………. a lot. People live in big brick houses. In the evening, they can listen to the (4) ……………………. on the radio or watch TV for entertainment. All people in my village try their best to make their living better. They raise and resurface the roads (5) ……………………. the roads will not be muddy and flooded after it rains. They widen the roads so cars and lorries can get to the village easily. They build a medical centre so people’s health can be looked (6) ……………………. at any time. They build a new school so their (7) ……………………. have better learning conditions. They build a bridge (8) ……………………. the river so villagers have a shorter way to town. They also build a football ground so their children can (9) ……………………. sports. In addition, they grown cash crops so people can export the crops and have more money.

I would like to become an agricultural engineer in the future so I can apply new technology to our farming and do more for the village (10) ……………………. our parents did.

1. Read the text and answer the questions below.

Last week Nick and some of his classmates went to the countryside. They went to visit a farm of Nick’s uncle.

They left early in the morning and went there by bus. Nick’s uncle, Mr. Brown met them at the bus stop and took them to his farm. On the way. Uncle Brown showed them the field of wheat and vegetables where some tractors were running up and down, ploughing and breaking soil, distributing manure and planting potatoes.

After lunch, they all went for a walk. In the large yard of the farm, they saw some farm machines. Among them is the biggest machine which is called a combine harvester. They were told that this machine can cut and thresh corn at the same time.

In the afternoon, they went to the place where cattle such as horses, sheep and cows were raised. They were very excited to see how cows were milked by the workers there. Uncle Brown also spoke about many interesting things in the countryside. After having some fruits and cakes, they said goodbye and went home.

• 1. How did Peter and his classmates go to Uncle Brown’s farm?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

.

• 1. What does his uncle grow on his farm?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

.

• 1. What can a tractor do?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

.

• 1. What is typical of a combine harvester?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

.

• 1. Which kinds of cattle are raised in Uncle Brown’s farm?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

.

1. Choose the correct word A, B, C or D for each gap to complete the following passage.

My parents are farmers. They work very (1) ………… on the paddy fields. They usually get (2) ………… very early in the morning. After (3) ………… breakfast, they feed the buffaloes, pigs, chickens, ducks and they (4) ………… the eggs. From about eight, they work on the fields. They (5) ………… rice but their main (6) ………… is vegetables. From eleven thirty to one thirty, they rest and have lunch. They continue to work until five in the afternoon, then they come back home. My mother (7) ………… the animals again while my father (8)

………… the buffalo shed and the chicken coop. They usually finish their work at about six thirty. Twice a week, my mother (9) ………… the vegetables and eggs to the town market to sell them then she often buys the things we need for our daily life. She also (10) ………… me a small present each time.

1. Find and correct ten mistakes in this passage.

Last summer, Tuan invited me go to his village in Thai Binh Province with his father.

It’s harvest time, so all people there were very busy. The villagers got up very early and go to the fields to cut rice, loaded it onto buffalo-drawn carts or tractors and drove it home. Tuan helped his parents on the farm work. Tuan and I followed his father to go to the fields. There was so many space and I love the vast open space, the fresh air and the feel of freedom in the countryside. We could run around the fields and shout out loudly without disturbing anybody. I have never saw any interesting place like this. In the afternoon, some of Tuan’s cousins take us to the fields to fly kites – It’s was so exciting!

The next morning, Tuan and I went to the market with his grandmother. There were many interesting thing there. Locals seld their home-made products and many fresh fruits such as bananas, oranges, apples and they also sold animals such as chickens, geese, ducks, cats, dogs and pigs. I enjoyed the atmosphere there.

The trip to the countryside gave me my first experience of farm work: cutting rice, dry rice, planting vegetables, collecting potatoes. It’s really unforgettable!

1. ……………………….

2. .……………………….

3. .……………………….

4. .……………………….

5. .……………………….

6. .……………………….

7. .……………………….

8. .……………………….

9. .……………………….

10. . ….………………….

1. Make up sentences using the words and phrases given.

Example: countryside/ children/ more/ freely/ city.

->In the countryside, children play more freely than in the city.

• 1. can/ you/ speak/ more/ slowly/ so/ I/ can/ understand/ you/?

………………………………………………………………………………………………….

• 1. Tet/ our house/ beautifully/ decorated/ than/ during/ year/.

………………………………………………………………………………………………….

• 1. homes/ city/ often/ better/ equipped/ with/ electrical appliances/ those/ countryside/.

………………………………………………………………………………………………….

• 1. nowadays/ more/ villagers/ use/ motorcycles/ for/ transport/ instead/ riding/ horse/ walking/.

………………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………………….

• 1. thanks/ TV/ Internet/ people/ my/ village/ have/ more/ fun/ and/ know/ more/ life/ outside/ village/.

………………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………………….

1. Rewrite the following sentences without changing their original meanings. Use the right comparative forms of the adverbs in brackets.
2. Hung drives more carefully than his brother. (carefully)

Hung’s brother ……………………………………………………………………………

1. The laboratory in my school is now better equipped than some years ago. (badly)

Some years ago the laboratory ……………………………………………………………

1. Nam works more lazily so he often gets worse marks than Quang. (hard, good)

Quang works ………………………………………………………………………………

1. Trung drives more carefully than Minh so he has rarely had an accident. (carelessly)

Minh drives

………………………………………………………………………………...

1. Going by taxi is faster than going by bus but it costs more than a bus. (slow, little)

Going by bus

……………………………………...………………………………………..

ANSWER KEYS

• 1. Choose the word having the underlined part pronounced differently in each line.

• 1. Put the words in the box into two groups.

• 1. Put the words in brackets into the right forms to complete the sentences.

1. People in my country are very open and ……………………. I like to go there when I have free time. friendly
2. Some of my ……………………. live in the countryside. relatives
3. Some people say that the country is more ……………………. for the people who are retired. suitable
4. Entertainment is difficult to find in the country, ……………………. in the evening. particularly
5. Natural disasters can ……………………. destroy a harvest and leave the farmers with little or no money until the following year. easily
   1. Use the adjectives or adverbs in brackets in their correct forms of comparison to complete the sentences.
6. Minh says life in the countryside is ……………………. he expected. He’ll go there whenever he has free time. more interesting than
7. My brother is studying at a university in Ha Noi. He often says he loves living in our village because people here are ……………………. people in Ha Noi. more friendly than
8. Last week we went to Sa Pa. It’s ……………………. to look at the paddy fields on mountain slops than the paddy fields on the lowlands. more wonderful
9. My grandparents often tell us that they used to live in a ……………………. life than it is now. harder
10. Living in the countryside is ……………………. and ……………………. living in big cities. more peaceful, quieter than
11. The cost of living in my town is ……………………. in this area. the most expensive
12. Living in modern flocks of flats is ……………………. other places. You can buy everything you want just on the ground floor. more convenient than
13. City children have ……………………. life than the country children. more exciting
14. He is a famous athletic so of course he runs ……………………. me. faster than
15. My grandfather says that farmers in the past worked ……………………. farmers nowadays. harder than
    1. Fill each blank with a word/ phrase in the box.

rice countryside herding

harvest time buffalo-drawn carts colourful

buffalo

fantastic

busiest time

noisier than

• • 1. At the ……………………., my brother always helps my parents load the rice onto the truck and drives it home.harvest time
    2. I often help my parents dry the ……………………. in the yard in front of my house.rice
    3. Some farmers in my village still use ……………………. to transport rice home.buffalo- drawn carts
    4. He usually goes ……………………. the buffaloes with other boys in his village.herding
    5. My pen pal friend says he would like to visit my ……………………. at harvest time to see what farmers do.countryside
    6. My friend has never ridden a ……………………. so he would like to try once.buffalo
    7. Harvest time is the ……………………. of the year in the countryside.busiest time
    8. Our garden is ……………………. in spring when almost flowers bloom.colourful
    9. I like looking at the stars on starry nights. It’s …………………….fantastic
    10. My uncle lives in the city. He says it’s ……………………. my village.noisier than
  1. Read the following paragraph and complete it with one suitable word in each blank.

My grandmother told me that our village (1) ………was……………. very poor many years ago. The villagers had to work hard in the fields all day but they could not earn enough for their living. Their lives were very simple. Many people had to (2) …………live…………. in houses made of straw and mud.

Nowadays my village has (3) ………changed……………. a lot. People live in big brick houses. In the evening, they can listen to the (4) …………news…………. on the radio or watch TV for entertainment. All people in my village try their best to make their living better. They raise and resurface the roads (5) ………so……………. the roads will not be muddy and flooded after it rains. They widen the roads so cars and lorries can get to the village easily. They build a medical centre so people’s health can be looked (6) …………after…………. at any time. They build a new school so their (7) ………children……………. have better learning conditions. They build a bridge (8) ………over……………. the river so villagers have a shorter way to town. They also build a football ground so their children can (9) ………play/ do……………. sports. In addition, they grown cash crops so people can export the crops and have more money.

I would like to become an agricultural engineer in the future so I can apply new technology to our farming and do more for the village (10) ………than……………. our parents did.

• 1. Read the text and answer the questions below.

Last week Nick and some of his classmates went to the countryside. They went to visit a farm of Nick’s uncle.

They left early in the morning and went there by bus. Nick’s uncle, Mr. Brown met them at the bus stop and took them to his farm. On the way. Uncle Brown showed them the field of wheat and vegetables where some tractors were running up and down, ploughing and breaking soil, distributing manure and planting potatoes.

After lunch, they all went for a walk. In the large yard of the farm, they saw some farm machines. Among them is the biggest machine which is called a combine harvester. They were told that this machine can cut and thresh corn at the same time.

In the afternoon, they went to the place where cattle such as horses, sheep and cows were raised. They were very excited to see how cows were milked by the workers there. Uncle

Brown also spoke about many interesting things in the countryside. After having some fruits and cakes, they said goodbye and went home.

• • 1. How did Peter and his classmates go to Uncle Brown’s farm?

They went there by bus.

• • 1. What does his uncle grow on his farm?

He grows wheat, vegetables and potatoes.

• • 1. What can a tractor do?

It can plough and break soil, distribute manure and plant potatoes.

• • 1. What is typical of a combine harvester?

A combine harvester can cut and thresh corn at the same time.

• • 1. Which kinds of cattle are raised in Uncle Brown’s farm?

The cattle such as horses, sheep and cows are raised in Uncle Brown’s farm.

• 1. Choose the correct word A, B, C or D for each gap to complete the following passage.

My parents are farmers. They work very (1) ………… on the paddy fields. They usually get (2) ………… very early in the morning. After (3) ………… breakfast, they feed the buffaloes, pigs, chickens, ducks and they (4) ………… the eggs. From about eight, they work on the fields. They (5) ………… rice but their main (6) ………… is vegetables. From eleven thirty to one thirty, they rest and have lunch. They continue to work until five in the afternoon, then they come back home. My mother (7) ………… the animals again while my father (8)

………… the buffalo shed and the chicken coop. They usually finish their work at about six thirty. Twice a week, my mother (9) ………… the vegetables and eggs to the town market to sell them then she often buys the things we need for our daily life. She also (10) ………… me a small present each time.

• 1. Find and correct ten mistakes in this passage.

• 1. Make up sentences using the words and phrases given.

Example: countryside/ children/ more/ freely/ city.

->In the countryside, children play more freely than in the city.

• • 1. can/ you/ speak/ more/ slowly/ so/ I/ can/ understand/ you/?

Can you speak more slowly so that I can understand you?

• • 1. Tet/ our house/ beautifully/ decorated/ than/ during/ year/.

At Tet, our house is more beautifully decorated than during the year.

• • 1. homes/ city/ often/ better/ equipped/ with/ electrical appliances/ those/ countryside/.

Homes in the city are often better equipped with electrical appliances than those in the countryside.

• • 1. nowadays/ more/ villagers/ use/ motorcycles/ for/ transport/ instead/ riding/ horse/ walking/.

Nowadays more villagers are using motorcycles for transport instead of riding a horse or walking.

• • 1. thanks/ TV/ Internet/ people/ my/ village/ have/ more/ fun/ and/ know/ more/ life/ outside/ village/.

Thanks to TV and the Internet, people in my village have more fun and know more about life outside my village.

• 1. Rewrite the following sentences without changing their original meanings. Use the right comparative forms of the adverbs in brackets.
     1. Hung drives more carefully than his brother. (carefully)

Hung’s brother drives less carefully than he does./ Hung’s brother doesn’t drive as carefully as he does.

• • 1. The laboratory in my school is now better equipped than some years ago. (badly)

Some years ago the laboratory in my school was worse equipped than now.

• • 1. Nam works more lazily so he often gets worse marks than Quang. (hard, good)

Quang works harder so he often gets better marks than Nam.

• • 1. Trung drives more carefully than Minh so he has rarely had an accident. (carelessly)

Minh drives more carelessly than Trung so he often has had an accident.

• • 1. Going by taxi is faster than going by bus but it costs more than a bus. (slow, little)

Going by bus is slower than going by taxi but it costs less than a taxi.

TEST (UNIT 2)

1. Choose the word having the underlined part pronounced differently in each line.

1. Fill in each blank with the correct word from the box.

1. Several people were flying ……………… on the field.
2. Russia is a ……………… country with a lot of natural resources.
3. My brother is learning to ……………… a horse at the moment.
4. Farmers often leave the rice in the sun to ………………
5. They ……………… the buffalo-drawn cart with hay.
6. Farmers always need extra help with the ………………
7. Local people are turning ……………… into farmland.
8. A ……………… is a type of box that people use for keeping bees in.
9. Is it ……………… to meet you at the moment?
10. My uncle raises a herd of ……………… on his farm.
11. Complete the sentences with suitable comparative forms of the words provided.
12. Towns are ……………….. than villages. (big)
13. A sofa is ……………….. than a chair. (comfortable)
14. Does an ox run ……………….. than a horse? (slow)
15. Laura sings ……………….. than her sister. (good)
16. My house is ……………….. from the river than Nam’s house. (far)
17. Minh plays the flute ……………….. than Quang. (bad)
18. Traffic in the city is always ……………….. than that in the countryside. (busy)
19. This year the farmers work ……………….. than they did last year. (hard)
20. Villages are ……………….. than towns. (quiet)
21. I think people in this area live ……………….. than those in other areas. (happy)
22. . Use the suggestions to write sentences of comparative.
23. Your brother/ optimistic/ you.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

.

1. Air/ countryside/ healthy/ city.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

.

1. People/ countryside/ work/ hard/ city.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

.

1. This paddy field/ large/ five stadiums.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

.

1. A cow/ plough/ bad/ a buffalo.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

.

1. Mai/ speak English/ fluent/ her sister.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

.

1. Summer/ hot/ autumn.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

.

1. Life/ countryside/ peaceful/ city.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

.

1. An ox/ strong/ a horse.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

.

1. Quang/ write/ careful/ his friends.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

.

1. Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.
   1. Nam helped his parents ………… the rice onto the ox-drawn cart.
      1. load B. collect C. dry D. ride
   2. In Emi’s opinion, city life is more ………… than country life.
      1. friendly B. exciting C. natural D. peaceful
   3. The sky is ………… here in the countryside because there are no buildings to block the view.
      1. tidy B. close C. dense D. vast
   4. Look! Some children are ………… the buffaloes.
      1. picking B. playing C. driving D. herding
   5. Viet plays the guitar ………… than Phong does.
      1. more goodly B. more well C. better D. gooder
   6. Medical help is ………… easily obtained in remote areas than in towns.
      1. more B. fewer C. less D. higher
   7. Today Peter gets up ………… than he did yesterday.
      1. earlier B. more early C. more earlily D. more earlier
   8. He seems to be ………… than we thought.
      1. more quick B. more quickly C. quicklier D. quicker
   9. The wind is blowing ………… than it did last night.
      1. stronger B. more strongly C. stronglier D. more stronger
   10. Is living in the city ………… than living in the country?
       1. more convenient B. as convenient C. most convenient D. so convenient
2. Fill each blank with a correct word to finish the passage.

Life in the countryside is a bit slower than life in the city. It isn’t as exciting as life in the city. But (1) ……………… general people work hard – they work in the fields, in the garden, in the woods, etc. They grow vegetables, cultivate crops and raise (2) ……………… (cows, horses, buffaloes, etc.) Some people even have vineyards and fruit orchards.

There is a ton of work to be done on the farm – milking cows, taking (3) ……………… of livestock, mucking out, ploughing fields, sowing seeds, fertilizing, harvesting, etc. It is said that a farmer works from (4) ……………… to sunset. People use farm machinery and drive tractors.

Children can freely play outdoors. In rural areas, people (5) ……………… each other better. There are no skyscrapers in the countryside. People’s home may be (6) ……………… a farmhouse or a cottage.

People sniff air that is definitely cleaner than air in the city. There is also (7)

……………… violence and vandalism. The traffic isn’t as dense as in the city. There (8)

……………… no rush hours. Furthermore, it isn’t as noisy as it is in cities.

People living in the countryside can enjoy the green scenery. They can enjoy the nature. They can (9) ……………… birds chirping, deer stopping in a clearing in a wood. Besides, people can eat fresh home-grown (10) ……………… and fruit. It seems that life in the countryside is not that stressful. Altogether that must have a positive effect on their health.

1. Choose the item among A, B, C or D that best answers each question about the passage.

Living in the country is something that people from the city often dream about.

However, in reality, it has both advantages and disadvantages.

There are certainly many advantages to living in the country. First, you can enjoy peace and quietness. Moreover, people tend to be friendlier. A further advantage is that there is less traffic, so it is safer for young children.

However, there are certain disadvantages or drawbacks to life outside the city. First, because there are fewer people, you are likely to have few friends. In addition, entertainment is difficult to find, particularly in the evening. Furthermore, the fact that there are fewer shops and services means that it is hard to find jobs.

In short, it can be seen that the country is more suitable for some people than others. On the whole, it is often the best for those who are retired or who have young children. In contrast, young people who have a career are better provided in the city.

1. According to the passage, living in the country has ………………
   1. only good points B. only bad points

C. both good and bad points D. no disadvantages

1. How many advantages does living in the country have?
   1. Two B. Three C. Four D. No
2. Living in the country is safer for young children because ………………
   1. there is less traffic B. there are few shops

C. there are fewer people D. there are few services

1. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
   1. People in the country tend to be friendlier than people in the city.
   2. It’s hard to find entertainment in the country.
   3. There are fewer shops and services in the country.
   4. The country is only suitable for retired people.
2. Having few friends is ………………
   1. one of drawbacks to life in the country.
   2. the only disadvantage to living in the country.
   3. one of certain drawbacks to life outside the city.
   4. one of certain advantages to life outside the city.
3. I. Read the following passage and answer the questions.

Hi! My name is Marek. I’ve been staying in England on an exchange visit and I’ve found it a very interesting experience. I’ve been staying with a boy called Peter and his family for two weeks. The first thing I learnt was how to great English people. When I met Peter and his parents at the airport, I tried to kiss them on the cheeks. His parents looked a bit shocked but let me kiss them. Peter just smiled and said “Hi!”.

The city where they live is very interesting, and is much bigger than my small village. I’ve never seen so many motorways, and there’s a recycling bin on every corner. It’s really noisy, tough, and there are so many cars that they need to have traffic lights everywhere.

I like it here but I think I still prefer the countryside. There are more trees and animals, and not so many factories.

In all, I’ve learnt a lot from my exchange but I’ll be glad to get back to Poland. I wonder what Peter will think when he comes to stay here!

1. How long has Marek been in England?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

.

1. How did he greet Peter’s parents at the airport?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

.

1. What hasn’t Marek seen before?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

.

1. Does Marek prefer cities or the countryside?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

.

1. Where does Marek come from?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

.

1. Rewrite the following sentences without changing their original meanings using the words provided.
2. Mr. Quynh is the happiest person in the village. (than)

No one in the village

……………………………………………………………………….

1. Life in the countryside isn’t as stressful as life in the city. (more)

Life in the city

……………………………………………………………………………...

1. This is the largest kite I’ve ever seen. (larger)

I’ve never

…………………………………………………………………………………..

1. Phong was a quicker walker than his friends. (quickly)

Phong

………………………………………………………………………………………

1. Houses in the city are much more expensive than those in the countryside. (much)

Houses in the countryside

………………………………………………………………….

1. Use the following suggestions to write passages about city and country life with comparative forms of adjectives.

• Cities/ big/ life/ exciting//. Public transport/ good//. But/ life/ stressful//. People/ busy/ run/ one place/ other//.
• Life/ country/ may/ boring/ but/ people/ close/ nature/ and/ air/ clean//. People/ have/ relaxed/ lifestyle//. But/ there/ nothing bad/ have/ nothing/ do/ all day//.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

.

ANSWER KEYS - TEST (UNIT 2)

1. Choose the word having the underlined part pronounced differently in each line.

1. Fill in each blank with the correct word from the box.

1. Several people were flying …………kites…… on the field.
2. Russia is a ………vast……… country with a lot of natural resources.
3. My brother is learning to ……ride………… a horse at the moment.
4. Farmers often leave the rice in the sun to ……dry…………
5. They ……loaded………… the buffalo-drawn cart with hay.
6. Farmers always need extra help with the ……harvest…………
7. Local people are turning ……grassland………… into farmland.
8. A ……beehive………… is a type of box that people use for keeping bees in.
9. Is it ……convenient………… to meet you at the moment?
10. My uncle raises a herd of ……cattle………… on his farm.
11. Complete the sentences with suitable comparative forms of the words provided.
12. Towns are ………bigger……….. than villages. (big)
13. A sofa is ………more comfortable……….. than a chair. (comfortable)
14. Does an ox run ………more slowly……….. than a horse? (slow)
15. Laura sings ………better……….. than her sister. (good)
16. My house is ………farther/ further……….. from the river than Nam’s house. (far)
17. Minh plays the flute …………worse…….. than Quang. (bad)
18. Traffic in the city is always ………busier……….. than that in the countryside. (busy)
19. This year the farmers work …………harder…….. than they did last year. (hard)
20. Villages are ……quieter/ more quiet………….. than towns. (quiet)
21. I think people in this area live ……more happily………….. than those in other areas. (happy)
22. . Use the suggestions to write sentences of comparative.
23. Your brother/ optimistic/ you.

Your brother is more optimistic than you (are).

1. Air/ countryside/ healthy/ city.

Air in the countryside is healthier than that in the city.

1. People/ countryside/ work/ hard/ city.

People in the countryside work harder than those in the city.

1. This paddy field/ large/ five stadiums.

This paddy field is larger than five stadiums.

1. A cow/ plough/ bad/ a buffalo.

A cow ploughs worse than a buffalo (does).

1. Mai/ speak English/ fluent/ her sister.

Mai speaks English more fluently than her sister (does).

1. Summer/ hot/ autumn.

Summer is hotter than autumn.

1. Life/ countryside/ peaceful/ city.

Life in the countryside is more peaceful than that in the city.

1. An ox/ strong/ a horse.

An ox is stronger than a horse.

1. Quang/ write/ careful/ his friends.

Quang writes more carefully than his friends (do).

1. Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.
   1. Nam helped his parents ………… the rice onto the ox-drawn cart.
      1. load B. collect C. dry D. ride
   2. In Emi’s opinion, city life is more ………… than country life.
      1. friendly B. exciting C. natural D. peaceful
   3. The sky is ………… here in the countryside because there are no buildings to block the view.
      1. tidy B. close C. dense D. vast
   4. Look! Some children are ………… the buffaloes.
      1. picking B. playing C. driving D. herding
   5. Viet plays the guitar ………… than Phong does.
      1. more goodly B. more well C. better D. gooder
   6. Medical help is ………… easily obtained in remote areas than in towns.
      1. more B. fewer C. less D. higher
   7. Today Peter gets up ………… than he did yesterday.
      1. earlier B. more early C. more earlily D. more earlier
   8. He seems to be ………… than we thought.
      1. more quick B. more quickly C. quicklier D. quicker
   9. The wind is blowing ………… than it did last night.
      1. stronger B. more strongly C. stronglier D. more stronger
   10. Is living in the city ………… than living in the country?
       1. more convenient B. as convenient C. most convenient D. so convenient
2. Fill each blank with a correct word to finish the passage.

Life in the countryside is a bit slower than life in the city. It isn’t as exciting as life in the city. But (1) ……in………… general people work hard – they work in the fields, in the garden, in the woods, etc. They grow vegetables, cultivate crops and raise (2) ………cattle……… (cows, horses, buffaloes, etc.) Some people even have vineyards and fruit orchards.

There is a ton of work to be done on the farm – milking cows, taking (3)

……care………… of livestock, mucking out, ploughing fields, sowing seeds, fertilizing, harvesting, etc. It is said that a farmer works from (4) ………sunrise……… to sunset. People use farm machinery and drive tractors.

Children can freely play outdoors. In rural areas, people (5) ……know………… each other better. There are no skyscrapers in the countryside. People’s home may be (6)

………either……… a farmhouse or a cottage.

People sniff air that is definitely cleaner than air in the city. There is also (7)

……less………… violence and vandalism. The traffic isn’t as dense as in the city. There (8)

……are………… no rush hours. Furthermore, it isn’t as noisy as it is in cities.

People living in the countryside can enjoy the green scenery. They can enjoy the nature. They can (9) ……hear………… birds chirping, deer stopping in a clearing in a wood. Besides, people can eat fresh home-grown (10) ………vegetables……… and fruit. It seems that life in the countryside is not that stressful. Altogether that must have a positive effect on their health.

1. Choose the item among A, B, C or D that best answers each question about the passage.

Living in the country is something that people from the city often dream about.

However, in reality, it has both advantages and disadvantages.

There are certainly many advantages to living in the country. First, you can enjoy peace and quietness. Moreover, people tend to be friendlier. A further advantage is that there is less traffic, so it is safer for young children.

However, there are certain disadvantages or drawbacks to life outside the city. First, because there are fewer people, you are likely to have few friends. In addition, entertainment is difficult to find, particularly in the evening. Furthermore, the fact that there are fewer shops and services means that it is hard to find jobs.

In short, it can be seen that the country is more suitable for some people than others. On the whole, it is often the best for those who are retired or who have young children. In contrast, young people who have a career are better provided in the city.

1. According to the passage, living in the country has ………………
   1. only good points B. only bad points

C. both good and bad points D. no disadvantages

1. How many advantages does living in the country have?
   1. Two B. Three C. Four D. No
2. Living in the country is safer for young children because ……………… A. there is less traffic B. there are few shops

C. there are fewer people D. there are few services

1. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
   1. People in the country tend to be friendlier than people in the city.
   2. It’s hard to find entertainment in the country.
   3. There are fewer shops and services in the country. D. The country is only suitable for retired people.
2. Having few friends is ………………
   1. one of drawbacks to life in the country.
   2. the only disadvantage to living in the country. C. one of certain drawbacks to life outside the city.

D. one of certain advantages to life outside the city.

1. I. Read the following passage and answer the questions.

Hi! My name is Marek. I’ve been staying in England on an exchange visit and I’ve found it a very interesting experience. I’ve been staying with a boy called Peter and his family for two weeks. The first thing I learnt was how to great English people. When I met Peter and his parents at the airport, I tried to kiss them on the cheeks. His parents looked a bit shocked but let me kiss them. Peter just smiled and said “Hi!”.

The city where they live is very interesting, and is much bigger than my small village. I’ve never seen so many motorways, and there’s a recycling bin on every corner. It’s really noisy, tough, and there are so many cars that they need to have traffic lights everywhere.

I like it here but I think I still prefer the countryside. There are more trees and animals, and not so many factories.

In all, I’ve learnt a lot from my exchange but I’ll be glad to get back to Poland. I wonder what Peter will think when he comes to stay here!

1. How long has Marek been in England?

He has been in England for two weeks.

1. How did he greet Peter’s parents at the airport? He kissed them on the cheeks.
2. What hasn’t Marek seen before?

He hasn’t seen so many motorways before.

1. Does Marek prefer cities or the countryside?

He prefers the countryside.

1. Where does Marek come from? He comes from Poland.
2. Rewrite the following sentences without changing their original meanings using the words provided.
3. Mr. Quynh is the happiest person in the village. (than)

No one in the village is happier than Mr. Quynh.

1. Life in the countryside isn’t as stressful as life in the city. (more)

Life in the city is more stressful than life in the countryside.

1. This is the largest kite I’ve ever seen. (larger)

I’ve never seen a larger kite than this.

1. Phong was a quicker walker than his friends. (quickly)

Phong walked more quickly than his friends.

1. Houses in the city are much more expensive than those in the countryside. (much)

Houses in the countryside are much cheaper than those in the city.

1. Use the following suggestions to write passages about city and country life with comparative forms of adjectives.

• Cities/ big/ life/ exciting//. Public transport/ good//. But/ life/ stressful//. People/ busy/ run/ one place/ other//.
• Life/ country/ may/ boring/ but/ people/ close/ nature/ and/ air/ clean//. People/ have/ relaxed/ lifestyle//. But/ there/ nothing bad/ have/ nothing/ do/ all day//.

Suggested answer:

Cities are usually much bigger and life is more exciting there. Public transport is also better. But life can be more stressful. People are often busier running from one place to the other.

Life in the country may be more boring but people are closer to nature and the air is cleaner. People have a more relaxed lifestyle. But there is nothing worse than having nothing to do all day.

UNIT 3: PEOPLES OF VIET NAM

1. NEW WORDS, STRUCTURES, GRAMMAR AND PRONUNCIATION
2. New words:

1. Grammar:

Questions: What, When, Where, How often, How far …. Look out!

Which is used instead of what or who to ask somebody to be exact about one or more people or things from a limited number:

Which way leads to the town? This one.. Which of you has to cook dinner? I do.

1. Articles:
   1. Indefinite article (a/an)
      • We use a before consonant sounds, and an before vowel sounds Vowel sounds: an hour, an apple

Consonant sounds: a director, a question, a code.

• • • With something we refer to for the first time

We’ve just had a great idea.

I will give you a call next week.

• With one of a group of things

Shall we choose a book from this catalogue?

• Where we use an adjective to describe a noun.

Carol is a very big city. It’s a beautiful day.

• With someone’s job.

Peter is a truck driver.

• With singular fractions, group numbers and large numbers.

One and a half kilos, a dozen eggs, a hundred envelopes.

• Meaning Per:

He was doing ninety miles an hour / Julie earns £ 500 a week.

• 1. Definite articles
     • With nouns we have mentioned previously

There is a bedroom and a living room. The bedroom is quite large.

• • • With nouns we mention for the first time, but where it is clear which one we are talking about.

Can you pass the salt?

My life changed completely after the war.

• • • Where there is only one of something. It is clear which one we are talking about.

The moon is full tonight.

• • • With nouns followed by a descriptive phrase, which makes them definite.

This is the man I told you about.

Note: London Bridge, but the towel of London.

• • • With national groups.

The British drink far too much tea.

• • • With classes of people.

The rich get richer and the poor get poorer.

• • • With individual items which represent a class.

The lion is fast disappearing.

• • • With name of musical instruments that we can play.

I can’t play the piano but I can play the guitar.

• With some geographical names. In particular Oceans, seas, rivers, canals and regions.

The Thames flows into the North sea.

Also with plural countries or where the country name contains a noun. The Netherlands, the People’s Republic of China.

• With superlatives, ordinals, the same, the only.

This is the best; You are the first; This is the only one.

• With media.

What’s on (the) television? I went to the cinema.

• 1. Zero article (no article)
     • With uncountable nouns and plural countable nouns when we are talking generally.

Give peace a chance; Football is life; All he talks about is cars.

• • • With most continents, countries, states, islands, mountains, lakes, cities, parks, roads and streets, squares, bridges, palaces, castles, cathedrals, stations and airports.

We live in France.

We took the train from Hanoi station to Saigon.

• • • With company names, years, months, days and special times of the year.

She works for Lufthansa. I’ll see you in January.

• • • With names of meals when we are talking generally.

It’s time for lunch (But the lunch I had at Café Sol was good value)

• • • With unique jobs on roles (The definite article is also possible in these cases).

Jim is the chairman of the company.

• • • With prepositions of place with certain building where the purpose of the building is more important than the place itself.

Sally is in prison (She is a prisoner)

Sally is in the prison (She is a visitor to that specific building) Similar are bed, church, class, hospital, school, university.

• • • With means of transport when we are talking generally.

We went to there by car (But we went there by the car that Alex borrowed)

Note that if we use in or on, we need an indefinite article.

We went there in a car/ on a bus.

1. Pronunciation: Clusters_ /sk/, /sp/, /st/
2. EXERCISES
3. Read the following sentences aloud, and put the words with the cluster /sk/, /sp/, or /st/ into the correct column.
4. How do you spell your surname?
5. He is going to make a speech to city businessmen.
6. How much does your family spend on food each week?
7. If you don't pay the bill, our company will disconnect the Internet connectivity.
8. Don't let these little problems discourage you.
9. John did a lot of sport when he was at school.
10. Could you speak more slowly?
11. My brother is a stamp collector.
12. The house was built of grey stone.
13. You have ten minutes to complete the three tasks.
14. Potato crisps are my favourite snack.
15. They are building a new school in our area.
16. What is the best way to get to the museum from here?
17. I'll ask the shopkeeper how much the jacket is.
18. Indonesian food is rather spicy.
19. Scientists are hoping to discover the cause of that illness.
20. He's very skillful with his hands.
21. I'll send you the text as soon as I have any news.
22. The castle stands on a hill.
23. She always reads the children a bedtime story.

1. Fill in each blank of the passage with the correct word/ phrase from the box.

Vietnam Museum of Ethnology in Ha Noi offers an insight into the 54 different ethnic groups of Viet Nam in an effort to preserve (1) …………………….

The museum is full of (2) ……………………. about traditional Vietnamese ways of life of all the Vietnamese (3) …………………….

The display hall shows everyday objects representing each ethnic group, a (4)

……………………. center, a library and an auditorium. Its indoor exhibition area provides you (5) ……………………. which includes the Viet, Muong, Tay, Thai, H'mong, Yao, Khmer, Cham and Hoa ethnic groups.

The outdoor (6) ……………………. Presents a variety of Vietnamese homes including a Tay (7) ……………………. and a Viet house, each separated by a small stream and reached via (8 ) …………………….. The museum is suitable for children, and all documents and signs are translated into English and French.

1. Fill each blank with a, an, or the to complete the following passage.

Ethnic groups

Vietnam is (1) ………. multi-nationality country with 54 ethnic groups. The Viet (Kinh) people account for 87% of (2) ………. country's population and mainly inhabit (3)

……….Red River Delta, (4) ………. central coastal delta, (5) ………. Mekong Delta and major cities. (6) ………. other 53 ethnic minority groups, totaling over 8 million people, are scattered over mountains areas spreading from the North to the South.

(7) ………. number of ethnic minorities had mastered some farming techniques. They grew rice plants in swamped paddy fields and carried out irrigation. Others went hunting, fishing, collecting and lived (8) ………. semi-nomadic life. Each group has its own culture, diverse and special.

However, (9) ………. evident gap in the material and normal life has indeed still existed between people living in the deltas and those living in mountain areas as well as among ethnic minorities themselves. (10) ………. Vietnamese government has worked out specific policies and special treatments in order to help mountainous people catching up with lowland people, and made great efforts to develop and preserve traditional cultural identities of each ethnic minority group.

1. Insert a correct article (a, an, the) if necessary to complete the following sentences.
2. Among 54 ethnic groups in Vietnam, the Odu has ………… smallest population.
3. There is ………… stilt house in my grandparents' village.
4. In Tay families old people usually stay at ………… home to look after ………… house.
5. Although Phong is ………… member of the Nung ethnic group, he wears uniform when he goes to school.
6. This is ………… old costume of the Pupeo people.
7. The Chapi is ………… unique musical instrument of the Raglai people.
8. The communal house is also used as ………… place of worship.
9. Recently, Thai time prefer to wear ………… King's style of dress.
10. Give the correct form of the words given to complete the sentences

1. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C, or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage.

Communal House (Rong House)

The Rong House can only be (1) …………………. in villages to the north of the Central Highlands, especially in Gia Lai and Kon Tum provinces. It is a large, imposing, beautifully decorated stilt house built (2) …………………. the middle of the village. It is where community activities (3) …………………., meetings, wedding ceremonies, or praying ceremonies. It is also the place for reception of guests. The Rong House of each ethnic group has its own architectural style, design, and décor. Yet there are shared (4)

…………………. In the village, it is often (5) …………………. house roofed with yellow-dried thatch leaves and having 8 big wood columns. The rafters are decorated with patterns of bright colors, depicting religious scenes, legendary stories about ancient heroes, stylized animals and other familiar things of the village life. The most distinction of the decor of the Rong House is the (6) …………………. of the brilliant God of Sun. The Rong house is a (7) …………………. of the culture all of Central Highlanders, an age-old and stable culture. The bigger the house is, the wealthier the village is. It is a (8)

…………………. of the whole village.

1. Read the following passage and answer the questions.

Duong Lam Village is located in Duong Lam commute at a 45 km distance from Hanoi. It is the birthplace of two kings in the history of Vietnam, Phung Hung (or Bo Cai Dai Vuong) and Ngo Quyen, who opened up the long-term self-control and independent period of Viet Nam after Bach Dang victory in the year 938.

All houses, gates, village gates and wells are built of laterite creating an architectural complex, a unique village that is typical for villages in the midlands in the North of Vietnam.

At present, there are still nearly 200 old houses and many other historical monuments such as Phung Hung Temple, Ngo Quyen Royal Tomb, Mong Phu Communal House, Ho Gam Hill at which Phung Hung killed tigers to rescue villagers and the temple at which the diplomat Giang Van Minh is worshiped.

1. Where is Duong Lam village?

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

1. Who were the two kings whose birthplace is Duong Lam Village?

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

1. What is Duong Lam typical for?

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

1. How many old houses as there in Duong Lam?

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

1. What are the famous historical monuments there?

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

1. Read the following passage and choose the best answer.

Proper name: Sanchay

The Sanchay Ethnic Group

Other names: Honban, Chung, Trai

Population: 114,012 people

Local groups: Caolan and Sanchi

Language: The language of Caolan belongs to the Tay-Nung group (of the Kai-Kadai language family). and the language of the Sanchi belongs to the Handicrafts groups (of the Sino-Tibetan language family).

Production activities: The Sanchay are agricultural people who farm mainly wet rice paddies, but they also cultivate swidden fields which they prepare by the slash-and-burn method. They use the digging stick to make holes for seedings. Fish catching plays an important role in the economic life as well. With their unique fishing tools, such as hand

nets and woven baskets, fish catching supplies the Sanchay food and improves their daily meals.

Diet: The Sanchay eat mainly ordinary rice. They also drink a lot of wine especially during the Tet holidays or festivals. Men smoke Tobacco in a water pipe.

Closing: Sanchay women wear the Cham-style skirt and long shirt or tunic which is decorated around the bottom hem and on the back. For daily wear, Sanchay women wear one Cham-style cloth belt, but on special occasions, like the New Year festival, they wear two or three silk belts of different colors.

Housing: Sanchay live in the provinces of the northeast. They live in the stilt houses of a style similar to those of the Tay, who live in the same area.

Transportation: The Sanchay usually carry goods on a bag on their back like a backpack.

1. What is the population of the Sanchay people?
   1. nearly 1,000,000 people
   2. over 200,000 people
   3. over 100,000 people
   4. nearly 14,000 people
2. The Sanchay people use ………….. to make holes for seedlings.
   1. digging sticks B. spades C. hand nets D. pipes
3. When do Sanchay women wear two or three silk belts?
   1. every day B. at weekends C. on wet days D. on special occasions
4. The Sanchay people live in ………….
   1. modern flats B. stilt houses

C. northern provinces D. eastern provinces

1. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
   1. The Sanchay mainly cultivate swidden fields.
   2. The Sanchay use woven basket to catch fish. C.The main food of the Sanchay is ordinary rice.

D. The Sanchay people carry goods on their back.

1. Make questions for the underlined words of these answers.
   1. Mr. Pha goes cutting wood in the forest once a month.
   2. Artists from the Central Highlands will give cong performance in the festival.
   3. My father bought a costume of the Bahnar at an open-air market in Kon Tum.
   4. The Hani people live in Lai Chau and Lao Cai.
   5. The Coho celebrate their New Year holidays in December.
   6. It is 2 kilometers from here to the communal house.
   7. The Thai women's shawls are the most beautiful of all.
   8. The visitors got to Sila village on foot.
   9. My uncle has been Quang Nam to write an article about the Sedang.
   10. Pao spent three months to make this musical instrument.
2. Complete the second sentence so that it has similar meaning to the first sentence.
   1. What is the price of a dish of five-colored sticky rice?

How much ……………………………………………………………………………….

• 1. Would do you mind carrying my basket for me, please?

Could …………………………………………………………………………………….

• 1. Why do some ethnic peoples build the communal house?

What …………………………………………………………………………………….

• 1. How long have you been an ethnologist?

When …………………………………………………………………………………….

• 1. Who do these beautiful ornaments belong to?

Whose ……………………..…………………………………………………………….

KEYS TO EXERCISES_UNIT 3

• • 1. NEW WORDS, STRUCTURES, GRAMMAR AND PRONUNCIATION

1. New words:

1. Grammar:
2. Grammar:
3. Questions: What, When, Where, How often, How far …. Look out!

Which is used instead of what or who to ask somebody to be exact about one or more people or things from a limited number:

Which way leads to the town? This one.. Which of you has to cook dinner? I do.

1. Articles:
   1. Indefinite article (a/an)
      • We use a before consonant sounds, and an before vowel sounds Vowel sounds: an hour, an apple

Consonant sounds: a director, a question, a code.

• • • With something we refer to for the first time

We’ve just had a great idea.

I will give you a call next week.

- With one of a group of things

Shall we choose a book from this catalogue?

• Where we use an adjective to describe a noun.

Carol is a very big city. It’s a beautiful day.

• With someone’s job.

Peter is a truck driver.

• With singular fractions, group numbers and large numbers.

One and a half kilos, a dozen eggs, a hundred envelopes.

• Meaning Per:

He was doing ninety miles an hour / Julie earns £ 500 a week.

• 1. Definite articles
     • With nouns we have mentioned previously

There is a bedroom and a living room. The bedroom is quite large.

• • • With nouns we mention for the first time, but where it is clear which one we are talking about.

Can you pass the salt?

My life changed completely after the war.

• • • Where there is only one of something. It is clear which one we are talking about.

The moon is full tonight.

• • • With nouns followed by a descriptive phrase, which makes them definite.

This is the man I told you about.

Note: London Bridge, but the towel of London.

• • • With national groups.

The British drink far too much tea.

• • • With classes of people.

The rich get richer and the poor get poorer.

• • • With individual items which represent a class.

The lion is fast disappearing.

• • • With name of musical instruments that we can play.

I can’t play the piano but I can play the guitar.

• With some geographical names. In particular Oceans, seas, rivers, canals and regions.

The Thames flows into the North sea.

Also with plural countries or where the country name contains a noun. The Netherlands, the People’s Republic of China.

• With superlatives, ordinals, the same, the only.

This is the best; You are the first; This is the only one.

• With media.

What’s on (the) television? I went to the cinema.

• 1. Zero article (no article)
     • With uncountable nouns and plural countable nouns when we are talking generally.

Give peace a chance; Football is life; All he talks about is cars.

• • • With most continents, countries, states, islands, mountains, lakes, cities, parks, roads and streets, squares, bridges, palaces, castles, cathedrals, stations and airports.

We live in France.

We took the train from Hanoi station to Saigon.

• • • With company names, years, months, days and special times of the year.

She works for Lufthansa. I’ll see you in January.

• • • With names of meals when we are talking generally.

It’s time for lunch (But the lunch I had at Café Sol was good value)

• • • With unique jobs on roles (The definite article is also possible in these cases).

Jim is the chairman of the company.

• • • With prepositions of place with certain building where the purpose of the building is more important than the place itself.

Sally is in prison (She is a prisoner)

Sally is in the prison (She is a visitor to that specific building) Similar are bed, church, class, hospital, school, university.

• • • With means of transport when we are talking generally.

We went to there by car (But we went there by the car that Alex borrowed)

Note that if we use in or on, we need an indefinite article.

We went there in a car/ on a bus.

1. Pronunciation: Clusters_ /sk/, /sp/, /st/
   • 1. EXERCISES
        1. Read the following sentences aloud, and put the words with the cluster /sk/, /sp/, or /st/ into the correct column.
2. How do you spell your surname?
3. He is going to make a speech to city businessmen.
4. How much does your family spend on food each week?
5. If you don't pay the bill, our company will disconnect the Internet connectivity.
6. Don't let these little problems discourage you.
7. John did a lot of sport when he was at school.
8. Could you speak more slowly?
9. My brother is a stamp collector.
10. The house was built of grey stone.
11. You have ten minutes to complete the three tasks.
12. Potato crisps are my favourite snack.
13. They are building a new school in our area.
14. What is the best way to get to the museum from here?
15. I'll ask the shopkeeper how much the jacket is.
16. Indonesian food is rather spicy.
17. Scientists are hoping to discover the cause of that illness.
18. He's very skillful with his hands.
19. I'll send you the text as soon as I have any news.
20. The castle stands on a hill.
21. She always reads the children a bedtime story.

• • • 1. Fill in each blank of the passage with the correct word/ phrase from the box.

1. cultural heritage 2. Information 3. ethnic groups 4. research

5. a tour 6. display area 7. stilt house 8. little bridges

Vietnam Museum of Ethnology in Ha Noi offers an insight into the 54 different ethnic groups of Viet Nam in an effort to preserve (1) …………………….

The museum is full of (2) ……………………. about traditional Vietnamese ways of life of all the Vietnamese (3) …………………….

The display hall shows everyday objects representing each ethnic group, a (4)

……………………. center, a library and an auditorium. Its indoor exhibition area provides you (5) ……………………. which includes the Viet, Muong, Tay, Thai, H'mong, Yao, Khmer, Cham and Hoa ethnic groups.

The outdoor (6) ……………………. Presents a variety of Vietnamese homes including a Tay (7) ……………………. and a Viet house, each separated by a small stream and reached via (8 ) …………………….. The museum is suitable for children, and all documents and signs are translated into English and French.

• • • 1. Fill each blank with a, an, or the to complete the following passage.

1 a 2 the 3 the 4 the 5 the 6 the 7 a 8 a 9 an 10 the

Ethnic groups

Vietnam is (1) ………. multi-nationality country with 54 ethnic groups. The Viet (Kinh) people account for 87% of (2) ………. country's population and mainly inhabit (3)

……….Red River Delta, (4) ………. central coastal delta, (5) ………. Mekong Delta and major cities. (6) ………. other 53 ethnic minority groups, totaling over 8 million people, are scattered over mountains areas spreading from the North to the South.

(7) ………. number of ethnic minorities had mastered some farming techniques. They grew rice plants in swamped paddy fields and carried out irrigation. Others went hunting, fishing, collecting and lived (8) ………. semi-nomadic life. Each group has its own culture, diverse and special.

However, (9) ………. evident gap in the material and normal life has indeed still existed between people living in the deltas and those living in mountain areas as well as among ethnic minorities themselves. (10) ………. Vietnamese government has worked out specific policies and special treatments in order to help mountainous people catching up with lowland people, and made great efforts to develop and preserve traditional cultural identities of each ethnic minority group.

• • • 1. Insert a correct article (a, an, the) if necessary to complete the following sentences.

1. the 2. a 3. -/ the 4. a/ a 5. an 6. A 7. a 8. the

1. Among 54 ethnic groups in Vietnam, the Odu has ………… smallest population.
2. There is ………… stilt house in my grandparents' village.
3. In Tay families old people usually stay at ………… home to look after ………… house.
4. Although Phong is ………… member of the Nung ethnic group, he wears uniform when he goes to school.
5. This is ………… old costume of the Pupeo people.
6. The Chapi is ………… unique musical instrument of the Raglai people.
7. The communal house is also used as ………… place of worship.
8. Recently, Thai time prefer to wear ………… King's style of dress.
   • • 1. Give the correct form of the words given to complete the sentences

• • • 1. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C, or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage.

Communal House (Rong House)

The Rong House can only be (1) …………………. in villages to the north of the Central Highlands, especially in Gia Lai and Kon Tum provinces. It is a large, imposing, beautifully decorated stilt house built (2) …………………. the middle of the village. It is where community activities (3) …………………., meetings, wedding ceremonies, or praying ceremonies. It is also the place for reception of guests. The Rong House of each ethnic group has its own architectural style, design, and décor. Yet there are shared (4)

…………………. In the village, it is often (5) …………………. house roofed with

yellow-dried thatch leaves and having 8 big wood columns. The rafters are decorated with patterns of bright colors, depicting religious scenes, legendary stories about ancient heroes, stylized animals and other familiar things of the village life. The most distinction of the decor of the Rong House is the (6) …………………. of the brilliant God of Sun. The Rong house is a (7) …………………. of the culture all of Central Highlanders, an age-old and stable culture. The bigger the house is, the wealthier the village is. It is a (8)

…………………. of the whole village.

• • • 1. Read the following passage and answer the questions.

Duong Lam Village is located in Duong Lam commute at a 45 km distance from Hanoi. It is the birthplace of two kings in the history of Vietnam, Phung Hung (or Bo Cai Dai Vuong) and Ngo Quyen, who opened up the long-term self-control and independent period of Viet Nam after Bach Dang victory in the year 938.

All houses, gates, village gates and wells are built of laterite creating an architectural complex, a unique village that is typical for villages in the midlands in the North of Vietnam.

At present, there are still nearly 200 old houses and many other historical monuments such as Phung Hung Temple, Ngo Quyen Royal Tomb, Mong Phu Communal House, Ho Gam Hill at which Phung Hung killed tigers to rescue villagers and the temple at which the diplomat Giang Van Minh is worshiped.

1. Where is Duong Lam village?

It is located in Duong Lam commute at a 45 km distance from Hanoi.

1. Who were the two kings whose birthplace is Duong Lam Village?

It is the birthplace of two kings in the history of Vietnam, Phung Hung (or Bo Cai Dai Vuong) and Ngo Quyen.

1. What is Duong Lam typical for?

It is typical for villages in the midlands in the North of Vietnam.4. How many old houses as there in Duong Lam?

There are still nearly 200 old houses.

5. What are the famous historical monuments there?

Phung Hung Temple, Ngo Quyen Royal Tomb, Mong Phu Communal House, Ho Gam Hill, and the temple at which the diplomat Giang Van Minh is worshiped.

• • • 1. Read the following passage and choose the best answer.

Proper name: Sanchay

The Sanchay Ethnic Group

Other names: Honban, Chung, Trai

Population: 114,012 people

Local groups: Caolan and Sanchi

Language: The language of Caolan belongs to the Tay-Nung group (of the Kai-Kadai language family). and the language of the Sanchi belongs to the Handicrafts groups (of the Sino-Tibetan language family).

Production activities: The Sanchay are agricultural people who farm mainly wet rice paddies, but they also cultivate swidden fields which they prepare by the slash-and-burn method. They use the digging stick to make holes for seedings. Fish catching plays an important role in the economic life as well. With their unique fishing tools, such as hand nets and woven baskets, fish catching supplies the Sanchay food and improves their daily meals.

Diet: The Sanchay eat mainly ordinary rice. They also drink a lot of wine especially during the Tet holidays or festivals. Men smoke Tobacco in a water pipe.

Closing: Sanchay women wear the Cham-style skirt and long shirt or tunic which is decorated around the bottom hem and on the back. For daily wear, Sanchay women wear one Cham-style cloth belt, but on special occasions, like the New Year festival, they wear two or three silk belts of different colors.

Housing: Sanchay live in the provinces of the northeast. They live in the stilt houses of a style similar to those of the Tay, who live in the same area.

Transportation: The Sanchay usually carry goods on a bag on their back like a backpack.

1. What is the population of the Sanchay people?
   1. nearly 1,000,000 people
   2. over 200,000 people C. over 100,000 people

D. nearly 14,000 people

1. The Sanchay people use ………….. to make holes for seedlings. A. digging sticks B. spades C. hand nets D. pipes
2. When do Sanchay women wear two or three silk belts?
   1. every day B. at weekends C. on wet days D. on special occasions
3. The Sanchay people live in ………….
   1. modern flats B. stilt houses

C. northern provinces D. eastern provinces

1. Which of the following statements is NOT true? A. The Sanchay mainly cultivate swidden fields.

B. The Sanchay use woven basket to catch fish. C.The main food of the Sanchay is ordinary rice.

D. The Sanchay people carry goods on their back.

• • • 1. Make questions for the underlined words of these answers.
         1. Mr. Pha goes cutting wood in the forest once a month.
         2. Artists from the Central Highlands will give cong performance in the festival.
         3. My father bought a costume of the Bahnar at an open-air market in Kon Tum.
         4. The Hani people live in Lai Chau and Lao Cai.
         5. The Coho celebrate their New Year holidays in December.
         6. It is 2 kilometers from here to the communal house.
         7. The Thai women's shawls are the most beautiful of all.
         8. The visitors got to Sila village on foot.
         9. My uncle has been Quang Nam to write an article about the Sedang.
         10. Pao spent three months to make this musical instrument.

1. How often does Mr. Pha goes cutting wood in the forest?
2. Who will give cong performance in the festival.
3. What did your father bought at an open-air market in Kon Tum?
4. Where do the Hani people live?
5. When do the Coho celebrate their New Year holidays?
6. How far is it from here to the communal house?
7. Whose shawls are the most beautiful of all?
8. How did the visitors get to Sila village?
9. Why has your uncle been to Quang Nam?/ What has your uncle been to Quang Nam for?
10. How long did Pao spend to make this musical instrument?
11. How many inhabitants does the Ha Nhi ethnic group have?
12. Where do they live?
13. Who do they worship?
14. What do they live on?
15. What do they use to work in the fields?
16. Where are the gardens?
    • • 1. Complete the second sentence so that it has similar meaning to the first sentence.
           1. What is the price of a dish of five-colored sticky rice? How much is a dish of five-colored sticky rice?
           2. Would do you mind carrying my basket for me, please? Could you carry my basket for me, please?

Why do some ethnic peoples build the communal house?

What do some ethnic peoples build the communal house for?

• • • • 1. How long have you been an ethnologist? When did you become an ethnologist?
        2. Who do these beautiful ornaments belong to? Whose are these beautiful ornaments?

Whose beautiful ornaments are these?

TEST_ Unit 3

Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.

Put the words in the box into three groups.

Put the words in brackets into the right forms to complete the sentences

1. Do you think the ethnic ………………….people have their own custom and traditions? (minor)
2. Which ethnic group has the smallest …………………. in Vietnam? (populate)
3. Some ethnic peoples in the mountainous regions still keep their …………………. way of farming. (tradition)
4. Which do you think is more …………………., the Tay's or Nung's costume? (colour)
5. If you go to Sa Pa, you should try some …………………. of the local people sold at the market . (special)

Choose the correct option A, B, C, or D to complete the sentences.

Nick would like to know something about the …………………. groups of Vietnam when he visited the Museum of Ethnology.

culture B. cultural C. cultured D. culturology

He is surprised …………………. that there are 54 ethnic groups in our country.

to understand B. to study C. to know D. find

The Viet (or King) house have …………………. number of people, accounting for about 86% of the population.

large B. the large C. the largest D. larger

Nick was told that ethnic minority peoples have their own ways …………………. life and traditions.

of B. on C. in D. at

The terraced fields of Sa Pa have entered …………………. the Top 11 most beautiful terraces in the world according to Touropia.

in B. on C. at D. of

Gathering and hunting still play an important role in the of …………………. the Laha.

economic B. economy C. economical D. eonomize

…………………. Ethnic group has a larger population, the Tay or the Ede?

what B. why C. which D. who

Ethnic peoples in the mountains have a simple way of farming. They use basic tools to …………………. the farm work.

check B. work C. make D. do

Many ethnic minority students have to …………………. along way to their schools every day.

travel B. ride C. pass D. get

People …………………. some far-away mountainous regions still keep their traditional way of life.

on B. in C. of D. at

Complete the sentences with the words in the box.

The ……………… house is the biggest house in the village.

The Hoa' ………………… is more colorful than the Nung's.

Which ………………… group has a larger population, the Bru-Van Kieu or the Khmer?

Does the Yao have a rich …………………of folk literature and art?

The Hmong people hold festivals and …………………every year.

Like some other peoples, the Thai …………………their ancestors.

Many ethnic minority students are studying at ………………… schools.

The peoples of Vietnam are …………………but very peaceful.

The ethnic minorities peoples have their own ………………… and conditions.

The items on ………………… in The Museum of Ethnology are very interesting.

Read the following passage and choose the best answer.

In Vietnam, a market is a trading place, but many markets are not only about buying and selling things. They reflect the life of the community. A traditional market is a social gathering point for people of all ages it is a new and exciting experience for children, a trading place for local craftsmen, and a chance for young people to meet. People go to the traditional market not only to buy and sell things but also to eat, drink, play games and socialize. For example, if you go to Sa Pa market, it is the highlands in the north of Viet Nam, you can see people wear then nicest clothes and spend all day long at the market. They buy things, play the flute, dance and sing. Thisis also a time to meet, my friends and look for lovers. That is why this kind of gathering is also called "love market". Some other countryside markets in the Mekong Delta are held on boats. Most of the goods are sold at a floating market. The most exciting time is in the early morning, when boats arrive loaded up with agricultural products.

1. In Vietnam, all markets are

……………………………………………………………..

1. only trading places
2. only about buying things
3. only about selling things
4. not only about buying and selling things
5. A traditional market is a social gathering point for……………………………..

A. young people B. people of all ages

C. local craftsmen D. children

1. What can people do at the traditional market?
   1. Sell and buy things only.
   2. Buy and sell things, eat, drink and play games.
   3. Buy things and eat.
   4. Buy and sell things, eat, drink, play games and socialize.
2. What do ethnic group people who go to Sa Pa market do?
   1. They wear their nicest clothes, buy things, play the flute, dance and sing.
   2. They ride on a horse and sing.
   3. They drink a lot of wine and dance.
   4. They buy the nicest clothes at the market and look for lovers.
3. Some of the markets in the Mekong Delta are held …………………… are called floating markets.
   1. along the roads B. on the paddy field

C. on boats D. in the morning

Read the passage, and make questions for the underlined words of the following answers.

In 2006, the house of a local family in Dong Van District, Ha Giang Province was chosen for the background of the film "The story of Pao". From distance, the house looks beautiful as a painting. Bushes of wild but beautiful flowers in blossom on the right and an old leaning cherry blossom tree at the gate create a romantic scene for the house. The film is about the life of a H'mong girl named Pao. She was raised by her stepmother because her real mother left her when she was little. One day, her stepmother died in an accident, and she began to look for her birth mother.

1. …………………………………………………………………………………………. The house was chosen for the background of the film in 2006.

2. …………………………………………………………………………………………. The house is in Dong Van District, Ha Giang Province.

3. …………………………………………………………………………………………. The film is about the life of a H'mong girl named Pao.

4. …………………………………………………………………………………………. She was raised by her stepmother because her real mother left her when she was little.

5. …………………………………………………………………………………………. She began to look for her birth mother when her stepmother died in an accident.

Make questions for the underlined words of these answers.

1. The Ha Nhi ethnic group has about 12,500 inhabitants.
2. They live in the provinces of Lai Chau and Lao Cai.
3. The Ha Nhi mainly worship their ancestors.
4. They live on rice cultivation of burnt-over land or terraced fields.
5. They use ploughs and harrows pulled by oxen and buffaloes to work in the fields.
6. The gardens are often close to their houses.

KEY TO TEST_ Unit 3

• 1. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.

• 1. Put the words in the box into three groups.

• 1. Put the words in brackets into the right forms to complete the sentences

1. Do you think the ethnic ………………….people have their own custom and traditions? (minor)
2. Which ethnic group has the smallest …………………. in Vietnam? (populate)
3. Some ethnic peoples in the mountainous regions still keep their …………………. way of farming. (tradition)
4. Which do you think is more …………………., the Tay's or Nung's costume? (colour)
5. If you go to Sa Pa, you should try some …………………. of the local people sold at the market . (special)
6. Minority
7. Population
8. Traditional
9. Colorful
10. specialties
    1. Choose the correct option A, B, C, or D to complete the sentences.
11. Nick would like to know something about the …………………. groups of Vietnam when he visited the Museum of Ethnology.
    1. culture B. cultural C. cultured D. culturology
12. He is surprised …………………. that there are 54 ethnic groups in our country.
    1. to understand B. to study C. to know D. find
13. The Viet (or King) house have …………………. number of people, accounting for about 86% of the population.
    1. large B. the large C. the largest D. larger
14. Nick was told that ethnic minority peoples have their own ways …………………. life and traditions.

A. of B. on C. in D. at

1. The terraced fields of Sa Pa have entered …………………. the Top 11 most beautiful terraces in the world according to Touropia.

A. in B. on C. at D. of

1. Gathering and hunting still play an important role in the of …………………. the Laha.
   1. economic B. economy C. economical D. eonomize
2. …………………. Ethnic group has a larger population, the Tay or the Ede?
   1. what B. why C. which D. who
3. Ethnic peoples in the mountains have a simple way of farming. They use basic tools to …………………. the farm work.
   1. check B. work C. make D. do
4. Many ethnic minority students have to …………………. along way to their schools every day.

A. travel B. ride C. pass D. get

1. People …………………. some far-away mountainous regions still keep their traditional way of life.
   1. on B. in C. of D. at
   2. Complete the sentences with the words in the box.

• • 1. communal 2. costume 3. ethnic 4. culture 5. ceremonies

6. worship 7. Boarding 8. Diverse 9. Customs 10. display

1. The ……………… house is the biggest house in the village.
2. The Hoa' ………………… is more colorful than the Nung's.
3. Which ………………… group has a larger population, the Bru-Van Kieu or the Khmer?
4. Does the Yao have a rich …………………of folk literature and art?
5. The Hmong people hold festivals and …………………every year.
6. Like some other peoples, the Thai …………………their ancestors.
7. Many ethnic minority students are studying at ………………… schools.
8. The peoples of Vietnam are …………………but very peaceful.
9. The ethnic minorities peoples have their own ………………… and conditions.
10. The items on ………………… in The Museum of Ethnology are very interesting.
    1. Read the following passage and choose the best answer.

In Vietnam, a market is a trading place, but many markets are not only about buying and selling things. They reflect the life of the community. A traditional market is a social gathering point for people of all ages it is a new and exciting experience for children, a trading place for local craftsmen, and a chance for young people to meet. People go to the traditional market not only to buy and sell things but also to eat, drink, play games and socialize. For example, if you go to Sa Pa market, it is the highlands in the north of Viet Nam, you can see people wear then nicest clothes and spend all day long at the market. They buy things, play the flute, dance and sing. Thisis also a time to meet, my friends and look for lovers. That is why this kind of gathering is also called "love market". Some other countryside markets in the Mekong Delta are held on boats. Most of the goods are sold at a floating market. The most exciting time is in the early morning, when boats arrive loaded up with agricultural products.

1. In Vietnam, all markets are

……………………………………………………………..

1. only trading places
2. only about buying things
3. only about selling things
4. not only about buying and selling things
5. A traditional market is a social gathering point for……………………………..

A. young people B. people of all ages

C. local craftsmen D. children

1. What can people do at the traditional market?
   1. Sell and buy things only.
   2. Buy and sell things, eat, drink and play games.
   3. Buy things and eat.
   4. Buy and sell things, eat, drink, play games and socialize.
2. What do ethnic group people who go to Sa Pa market do?
3. They wear their nicest clothes, buy things, play the flute, dance and sing.
4. They ride on a horse and sing.
5. They drink a lot of wine and dance.
6. They buy the nicest clothes at the market and look for lovers.
7. Some of the markets in the Mekong Delta are held …………………… are called floating markets.
   1. along the roads B. on the paddy field C. on boats D. in the morning
   2. Read the passage, and make questions for the underlined words of the following answers.

In 2006, the house of a local family in Dong Van District, Ha Giang Province was chosen for the background of the film "The story of Pao". From distance, the house looks beautiful as a painting. Bushes of wild but beautiful flowers in blossom on the right and an old leaning cherry blossom tree at the gate create a romantic scene for the house. The film is about the life of a H'mong girl named Pao. She was raised by her stepmother because her real mother left her when she was little. One day, her stepmother died in an accident, and she began to look for her birth mother.

1. When was the house chosen for the background of the film? The house was chosen for the background of the film in 2006.
2. Where is the house?

The house is in Dong Van District, Ha Giang Province.

1. What is the film about?

The film is about the life of a H'mong girl named Pao.

1. Why was she raised by her stepmother?

She was raised by her stepmother because her real mother left her when she was little.

1. When did she begin to look for her birth mother?

She began to look for her birth mother when her stepmother died in an accident.

• 1. Make questions for the underlined words of these answers.

1. The Ha Nhi ethnic group has about 12,500 inhabitants.
2. They live in the provinces of Lai Chau and Lao Cai.
3. The Ha Nhi mainly worship their ancestors.
4. They live on rice cultivation of burnt-over land or terraced fields.
5. They use ploughs and harrows pulled by oxen and buffaloes to work in the fields.
6. The gardens are often close to their houses.
7. How many inhabitants does the Ha Nhi ethnic group have?
8. Where do they live?
9. Who do they worship?
10. What do they live on?
11. What do they use to work in the fields?
12. Where are the gardens?

UNIT 4: OUR CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS (E8)

1. NEW WORDS, STRUCTURES AND GRAMMAR
2. New words

1. Grammar:

* Modal Verbs:

• Should and shouldn’t to express advice (+) should + infinitive

(-) shouldn’t + infinitive

(?) Should + subject + infinitive?

• Have to to express obligation or necessity. It shows external obligation, i.e., someone else makes a decision about what you must do.

(+) have to/ has to + infitive

(-) don’t/ doesn’t have to + infinitive

(?) Do/ Does + subject + have to + infinitive?

Notes: Don’t have to is used when it is not necessary to do st.

- Mustn’t to tell somebody not to do st as an obligation.

1. EXERCISES
2. Underline the words with /spr/ and circle the words with /str/. Read the sentences.
3. The Strawberry festival has been a tradition at New York University for 20 years.
4. Parents don’t want their children to talk to strangers.
5. Espresso is served for free in the festival.
6. This is a difficult word, so a lot of people mispronounce it.
7. This is one-way street. You mustn’t drive into it.
8. On Space Day, we invited an astronaut to our school to give a talk.
9. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined. Read the words aloud.

1. Put the words in brackets into the right forms to complete the sentences.
2. I’m so

about your trip. It’s going to be amazing. (excite)

1. Ao dai is our dress. We wear it every Monday at school. (tradition)
2. In Viet Nam, we usually wait for the person to sit down before you sit down. (old)
3. After food from the plate, you should put it into your bowl before eating. (take)
4. What is the between a custom and a tradition? (similar)
5. Read the interview between the reporter (R) and Tobey Maguire (TM), the actor who plays Spiderman, and complete it with the correct past form of “have to”. Practise the conversation with your partner.

R: Was Spiderman a difficult part to play?

TM: Yes, I (1. be) fit so I (2. train) for six months before the film started.

R: What time (3. you/be) at the film studio in the morning?

TM: I (4. start)

at six o’clock. Too early!

R: (5. you/ wear) the Spiderman costume all day?

TM: Almost all day! But I (6. not wear) it when I was playing Peter Park, of course. Then I had normal clothes.

R: Was it scary to climb all those buildings?

TM: Well, I (7. not climb) the really tall buildings. They use computer effects for that.

R: Have you ever seen the film at the cinema yet?

TM: Yes, I look my daughter to see it. It was cool because the cashier recognized me and we (8. not pay) !

1. Fill one suitable word in each blank to complete the passage.

Jeans are very popular with young people all (1) the world. Some people say that jeans are the "uniform" of youth. But they haven't always been (2) . The story of jeans started almost two hundred years (3) . People in Genoa, Italy made pants. The clothe made in Genoa(4) called " jeanos". The pants were called "jeans". In 1850, a salesman in Califonia began selling pants made (5) canvas. His name was Levi

Strauss. Because they were so strong, "Levi's pants became popular (6)

gold

miners, farmers and cowboys. Six year (7) , Levis began making his pants with blue cotton cloth (8) denim. Soon after, factory workers (9) the United States and Europe began (10) jeans. Young people usually didn't wear them.

1. Choose the correct answer A, B, C, or D to finish the sentences.
   1. You miss any of the meetings. They’re always very useful.
      1. needn’t B. should C. shouldn’t D. can
   2. She is famous her intelligence. She designs many special styles for Ao dai.
      1. in B. for C. with D. into
   3. I think someone talk to the boss. We can’t work extra hours on Saturday.
      1. have to B. should C. don’t have to D. shouldn’t
   4. We reached the house after for almost an hour.
      1. cycled B. to cycle C. cycling D. cycle
   5. At school, the teachers and students follow the rules.
      1. has to B. have to C. need to D. haven’t to
   6. He try to be a bit more punctual. It’s rude to be late here.
      1. shouldn’t B. should C. couldn’t D. was able to
   7. Would you like to go a walk the park this afternoon?
      1. to - at B. for – at C. to - in D. for - in
   8. The buses were very this morning. We can’t go to the church with you in time.
      1. crowd B. crowded C. full D. busy
   9. We wear uniform at school from Monday to Saturday. That’s a good way and equal to everyone.
      1. have to B. haven’t to C. could D. must
   10. Anna

change her hair style because the old one doesn’t suit her any more.

• • 1. could B. has to C. have to D. doesn’t have to

1. Find a mistake with have to, should or must in each sentence and correct it.
2. Under the new regulations, workers have wear protective clothes.
3. When you come to Brazil, you should to tip the waiter 10% of the bill.
4. When eating in India, you shouldn’t always use the right hand. Never use the left hand.
5. In Australia, you mustn’t to comment on a person’s accent.
6. In my family, children has to get permission before leaving the dining table.
7. When we were young, we have to stand in a row to greet guests.
8. Choose the correct word marked A, B, C, or D to fill each blank in the following email.

Hi Nick,

Great to receive your email. Because you’ll be here soon, I’d like to share with my family customs and traditions. Well, we have the custom (1) spending Saturdays together. You may ask why not Sundays. It’s simply because my mum works on Sundays. On Saturdays, we always (2) _ out. Sometimes we visit our grandparents in Vung Tau. Sometimes we go on a (3) _ in the park or a nearby beauty spot.

You asked me about the Tet holiday, right? There’s a (4)

that we make tet

cake and cook braised pork and eggs (thit kho trung). Tet cake is similar to chung cake in Ha

Noi, but it’s long, not square. Braised pork and eggs is our traditional (5)

for Tet.

It’s so delicious! When you (6)

here, my mum will cook it for you.

What about your family? Share with me the customs and traditions you follow. Cheers,

Ha

1. Read a passagge about Italian pizza and do the tasks that follow.

Pizza is a traditional Italian dish. It’s popular not only in Italy but around the world.

Naples, a city in southern Italy, is believed to be the birthplace of pizza. It’s well-known for the most

delicious pizza anywhere. The first pizzeria was built in Naples in 1830 at Port’Alba.

The ancestor of the modern pizza is the simple flat bread. It’s the food of the poor. The truly modern pizza we eat today starts with the Margherita pizza. In 1889, Queen Margherita went on a trip to Naples. She heard about pizza and asked to try it. Don Raffaele Esposito, the most famous pizza maker, was asked to prepare it. He prepared two traditional and one new type of pizza, but the Queen liked the new one topped with tomatoes, Mozzarella cheese and freash basil the best. She thought that the colours of this pizza represented the colours of the Italian flag – red, white, and green. This pizza was then called “Margherita”.

• • Write true (T) or false (F)

1. Naples is considered the place where pizza was born.
2. At first, pizza was a dish for the King and Queen.
3. Margherita was one of the two traditional types of pizza that were prepared for the Queen.
4. Don Raffaele Esposito was the most famous pizza marker in Naples.
5. Margherita pizza was named after the Queen.
   • Answer the questions.
6. When was the first pizzeria built?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………..

1. What is the ancestor of the modern pizza?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………….

1. How many kinds of pizza were made for the Queen?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………

1. What are the ingredients of the Margherita pizza topping?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………….

1. Why does Margherita pizza represent Italy?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………….

1. Make sentences, using the words and phrases provided. You can add some words or make changes.
2. Tipping/ not/ custom/ Viet Nam/ so/ you/ not/ have/ tip/ if/ don’t want.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………….

1. However/ some/ people/ tip/ because/ they/ think/ service/ good.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………

1. In/ countries/ tipping/ be/ usual/ thing.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………….

1. For example/ in/ US/ people/ tip/ 15/ 20 per cent/ of/ bill/ in/ restaurant/ café.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………….

1. Reason/ be/ in/ US/ waiter/ waitress/ be/ pay/ less/ minimum wage.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………….

1. In/ Brazil/ standard/ tip/ in/ restaurant/ be/ 10 per cent.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………….

1. However/ this/ be/ usually/ include/ in/ bill.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………….

1. At/ hotel/ 10/ 15 per cent/ service charge/ be/ include/ in/ bill.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………

1. Complete the sentences with the correct prepositions.
2. We have to use knife and fork dinner.
3. There’s a British tradition

having afternoon tea at 4 p.m.

1. She was very conscious her lack of experience on her first day at work.
2. He has a new solution the problem.
3. Nobody helped him. He managed it his own.
4. The drivers London kept their cars the left.
5. The summer holiday is coming. We are all excited going a long trip

the South.

1. The children were amazed the lion show at the circus.
2. Her small garden looks very beautiful in spring because all the flowers are full bloom.
3. In our district, it’s the custom mornings.

residents to sweep the streets on Saturday

1. Writing: Your friend from the UK is visiting your house. Read her email and reply to it.

From: [email protected]

To: [email protected]

Subject: Your family customs and traditions

Hi Ngoc,

Thanks for inviting me to your house. I’m really happy because it’s the first time for me to visit a Vietnamese house.

Can you tell me some customs and traditions you follow in your family? Cheers,

Sophia.

From: [email protected] To: [email protected]

Subject: Your family customs and tradition

Hello Sophia,

Glad that you’ve accepted my invitation. There are some customs and traditions in my family.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

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……………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………..

However, don’t worry about these because you’re our special guest. Bye for now,

Ngoc

KEY TO OUR CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS (UNIT 4)

1. NEW WORDS, STRUCTURES AND GRAMMAR
2. New words

1. Grammar:

* Modal Verbs:

• • Should and shouldn’t to express advice (+) should + infinitive

(-) shouldn’t + infinitive

(?) Should + subject + infinitive?

• • Have to to express obligation or necessity. It shows external obligation, i.e., someone else makes a decision about what you must do.

(+) have to/ has to + infitive

(-) don’t/ doesn’t have to + infinitive

(?) Do/ Does + subject + have to + infinitive?

Notes: Don’t have to is used when it is not necessary to do st.

- Mustn’t to tell somebody not to do st as an obligation.

1. EXERCISES
2. Underline the words with /spr/ and circle the words with /str/. Read the sentences.
3. The Strawberry festival has been a tradition at New York University for 20 years.
4. Parents don’t want their children to talk to strangers.
5. Espresso is served for free in the festival.
6. This is a difficult word, so a lot of people mispronounce it.
7. This is one-way street. You mustn’t drive into it.
8. On Space Day, we invited an astronaut to our school to give a talk.
9. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined. Read the words aloud.

1. Put the words in brackets into the right forms to complete the sentences.
2. I’m so

about your trip. It’s going to be amazing. (excite)

1. Ao dai is our dress. We wear it every Monday at school. (tradition)
2. In Viet Nam, we usually wait for the person to sit down before you sit down. (old)
3. After food from the plate, you should put it into your bowl before eating. (take)
4. What is the between a custom and a tradition? (similar)
5. exciting
6. traditional
7. eldest
8. taking
9. similarity
10. Read the interview between the reporter (R) and Tobey Maguire (TM), the actor who plays Spiderman, and complete it with the correct past form of “have to”. Practise the conversation with your partner.

R: Was Spiderman a difficult part to play?

TM: Yes, I (1. be) fit so I (2. train) for six months before the film started.

R: What time (3. you/be) at the film studio in the morning?

TM: I (4. start)

at six o’clock. Too early!

R: (5. you/ wear) the Spiderman costume all day?

TM: Almost all day! But I (6. not wear) it when I was playing Peter Park, of course. Then I had normal clothes.

R: Was it scary to climb all those buildings?

TM: Well, I (7. not climb) the really tall buildings. They use computer effects for that.

R: Have you ever seen the film at the cinema yet?

TM: Yes, I look my daughter to see it. It was cool because the cashier recognized me and we (8. not pay) !

1. had to be
2. had to train
3. did you have to be
4. had to start
5. Did you have to wear
6. didn’t have to wear
7. didn’t have to climb
8. didn’t have to pay
9. Fill one suitable word in each blank to complete the passage.

Jeans are very popular with young people all (1) over the world. Some people say that jeans are the "uniform" of youth. But they haven't always been (2) popular. The story of jeans started almost two hundred years (3) ago. People in Genoa, Italy made pants. The clothe made in Genoa(4) was called " jeanos". The pants were called "jeans". In 1850, a salesman in Califonia began selling pants made (5) of canvas. His name was Levi Strauss. Because they were so strong, "Levi's pants became popular (6) with gold miners, farmers and cowboys. Six year (7) later, Levis began making his pants with blue cotton cloth (8) called denim. Soon after, factory workers (9) in the United States and Europe began (10) wearing jeans. Young people usually didn't wear them.

1. Choose the correct answer A, B, C, or D to finish the sentences.
   1. You miss any of the meetings. They’re always very useful.
      1. needn’t B. should C. shouldn’t D. can
   2. She is famous her intelligence. She designs many special styles for Ao dai.
      1. in B. for C. with D. into
   3. I think someone talk to the boss. We can’t work extra hours on Saturday.
      1. have to B. should C. don’t have to D. shouldn’t
   4. We reached the house after for almost an hour.
      1. cycled B. to cycle C. cycling D. cycle
   5. At school, the teachers and students follow the rules.
      1. has to B. have to C. need to D. haven’t to
   6. He try to be a bit more punctual. It’s rude to be late here.
      1. shouldn’t B. should C. couldn’t D. was able to
   7. Would you like to go a walk the park this afternoon?
      1. to - at B. for – at C. to - in D. for - in
   8. The buses were very this morning. We can’t go to the church with you in time.
      1. crowd B. crowded C. full D. busy
   9. We wear uniform at school from Monday to Saturday. That’s a good way and equal to everyone.
      1. have to B. haven’t to C. could D. must
   10. Anna

change her hair style because the old one doesn’t suit her any more.

• • 1. could B. has to C. have to D. doesn’t have to

1. Find a mistake with have to, should or must in each sentence and correct it.
2. Under the new regulations, workers have wear protective clothes.
3. When you come to Brazil, you should to tip the waiter 10% of the bill.
4. When eating in India, you shouldn’t always use the right hand. Never use the left hand.
5. In Australia, you mustn’t to comment on a person’s accent.
6. In my family, children has to get permission before leaving the dining table.
7. When we were young, we have to stand in a row to greet guests.
8. have to wear
9. should tip
10. should always
11. mustn’t comment
12. have to
13. had to
14. Choose the correct word marked A, B, C, or D to fill each blank in the following email.

Hi Nick,

Great to receive your email. Because you’ll be here soon, I’d like to share with my family customs and traditions. Well, we have the custom (1) spending Saturdays together. You may ask why not Sundays. It’s simply because my mum works on Sundays. On Saturdays, we always (2) _ out. Sometimes we visit our grandparents in Vung Tau. Sometimes we go on a (3) _ in the park or a nearby beauty spot.

You asked me about the Tet holiday, right? There’s a (4)

that we make tet

cake and cook braised pork and eggs (thit kho trung). Tet cake is similar to chung cake in Ha Noi, but it’s long, not square. Braised pork and eggs is our traditional (5) for Tet.

It’s so delicious! When you (6)

here, my mum will cook it for you.

What about your family? Share with me the customs and traditions you follow. Cheers,

Ha

1. A. go B. leave C. corne D. depart
2. Read a passagge about Italian pizza and do the tasks that follow.

Pizza is a traditional Italian dish. It’s popular not only in Italy but around the world.

Naples, a city in southern Italy, is believed to be the birthplace of pizza. It’s well-known for the most

delicious pizza anywhere. The first pizzeria was built in Naples in 1830 at Port’Alba.

The ancestor of the modern pizza is the simple flat bread. It’s the food of the poor. The truly modern pizza we eat today starts with the Margherita pizza. In 1889, Queen Margherita went on a trip to Naples. She heard about pizza and asked to try it. Don Raffaele Esposito, the most famous pizza maker, was asked to prepare it. He prepared two traditional and one new type of pizza, but the Queen liked the new one topped with tomatoes, Mozzarella cheese and freash basil the best. She thought that the colours of this pizza represented the colours of the Italian flag – red, white, and green. This pizza was then called “Margherita”.

• • Write true (T) or false (F)

1. Naples is considered the place where pizza was born.
2. At first, pizza was a dish for the King and Queen.
3. Margherita was one of the two traditional types of pizza that were prepared for the Queen.
4. Don Raffaele Esposito was the most famous pizza marker in Naples.
5. Margherita pizza was named after the Queen.
   • Answer the questions.
6. When was the first pizzeria built? It was built in 1830
7. What is the ancestor of the modern pizza? It’s the flat bread
8. How many kinds of pizza were made for the Queen? Three kinds of pizza were made for the Queen.
9. What are the ingredients of the Margherita pizza topping? They are tomatoes, Mozzarella cheese, and fresh basil.
10. Why does Margherita pizza represent Italy? Because it has the colours of the Italian flag.
11. Make sentences, using the words and phrases provided. You can add some words or make changes.
12. Tipping/ not/ custom/ Viet Nam/ so/ you/ not/ have/ tip/ if/ don’t want.

Tipping is not a custom in Viet Nam, so you don’t have to tip if you don’t want to.

1. However/ some/ people/ tip/ because/ they/ think/ service/ good. However, some people tip because they think the service is good.
2. In/ countries/ tipping/ be/ usual/ thing. In some countries, tipping is a usual thing.
3. For example/ in/ US/ people/ tip/ 15/ 20 per cent/ of/ bill/ in/ restaurant/ café.

For example, in the US people tip 15 to 20 per cent of the bill in restaurants or cafes.

1. Reason/ be/ in/ US/ waiter/ waitress/ be/ pay/ less/ minimum wage.

The reason is that in the US waiters and waitresses are paid less than the minimum wage.

1. In/ Brazil/ standard/ tip/ in/ restaurant/ be/ 10 per cent. In Brazil, the standard tip in restaurants is 10 per cent.
2. However/ this/ be/ usually/ include/ in/ bill. However, this is usually included in the bill.
3. At/ hotel/ 10/ 15 per cent/ service charge/ be/ include/ in/ bill. At hotels, a 10 to 15 per cent service charge is included in the bill.
4. Complete the sentences with the correct prepositions.
5. We have to use knife and fork dinner.
6. There’s a British tradition

having afternoon tea at 4 p.m.

1. She was very conscious her lack of experience on her first day at work.
2. He has a new solution the problem.
3. Nobody helped him. He managed it his own.
4. The drivers London kept their cars the left.
5. The summer holiday is coming. We are all excited going a long trip

the South.

1. The children were amazed the lion show at the circus.
2. Her small garden looks very beautiful in spring because all the flowers are full bloom.
3. In our district, it’s the custom mornings.
4. at
5. of
6. of
7. to
8. on
9. in – to
10. about – on – to
11. at
12. in
13. for

residents to sweep the streets on Saturday

1. Writing: Your friend from the UK is visiting your house. Read her email and reply to it.

From: [email protected] To: [email protected]

Subject: Your family customs and traditions

Hi Ngoc,

Thanks for inviting me to your house. I’m really happy because it’s the first time for me to visit a Vietnamese house.

Can you tell me some customs and traditions you follow in your family? Cheers,

Sophia.

From: [email protected] To: [email protected]

Subject: Your family customs and tradition

Hello Sophia,

Glad that you’ve accepted my invitation. There are some customs and traditions in my family.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………..

However, don’t worry about these because you’re our special guest. Bye for now,

Ngoc

A. READING

TEST (MID-TERM)

1. Choose the word having the underlined part pronounced differently in each line.

1. Rewrite these imperatives so that they have opposite meaning to the originals.

Break

chopsticks

custom

generations

manners

Residents

respect

shoes

tradition

worshipping

1. In Viet Nam, we follow the tradition of the ancestors.
2. You should take off your before going into a Japanese house.
3. In my family there is a of having dinner together at 7.30 sharp.
4. We shouldn’t

with this tradition because it reflects our culture and lifestyle.

1. You should place the on top of the rice bowl when you finish a meal in Viet Nam.
2. There is a British of having afternoon tea at 4 p.m.
3. We cook five-coloured sticky rice on the first of every lunar month, and our family has followed this tradition for .
4. According to our tradition, you should old people.
5. In our community, it’s the custom for the mornings.

to clean the streets on Sunday

1. You should learn about British table so you can feel comfortable at dinner.
2. Complete the sentences with have to, has to, don’t have to, or doesn’t have to.
3. It’s Sunday, so the children

go to school.

1. Minh study for a test, so he is going to stay at home.
2. Your shoes are dirty. You clean them.
3. I

take an umbrella. It isn’t raining.

1. Peter

get up early. It’s his holiday.

1. It’s very informal here. You

wear a tie unless you want to.

1. Jane tidy her room. It is a mess.
2. The train is direct. Your brother change trains.
3. In Britain, everyone _ pay in pounds.
4. Help yourself to anything you want. You ask.
5. Choose the correct answer A, B, C, or D to complete the sentences.
6. My family _ the tradition of cooking sticky rice on the first day of a lunar month.
   1. discovers B. allows C. follows D. advises
7. When having meals with a British family, you should never chew with your open.
   1. hand B. eye C. finger D. mouth
8. We enjoy our family customs and traditions because they provide us with a sense of

.

• 1. belonging B. missing C. worrying D. surrounding

1. The xoe dance is a tradition of Thai ethnic people.
   1. physical B. spiritual C. material D. practical
2. In Japan when bowing, you your appreciation and respect to other person.
   1. prepare B. suggest C. open D. express
3. You use your moble phone on the plane.
   1. must B. mustn’t C. don’t have to D. have to
4. He cross the street when the traffic light is green for pedestrians.
   1. should B. shouldn’t C. ought D. oughtn’t
5. It’s optional. We

go if you don’t want.

• 1. have to B. don’t have to C. mustn’t D. must

1. She’s always tired. She

go to bed late every night.

• 1. can B. can’t C. should D. shouldn’t

1. My brother work late tonight. His boss ordered him to stay until 10.00.

A. must B. have to C. has to D. should

1. Read the following passage and answer the questions.

Wedding Traditions around the World

France: A lovely custom coming to us out of France comes in the form of a two handled cup called the “coup de marriage”. The cup was saved to be used from one generation to another. Of course, the custom has long been establised of drinking a toast to one another, but the two handled cup adds a special touch to the weddings of today. Until recently, these cups have been very difficult to find. Drinking from the same cup denotes “togetherness”.

Germany: The tradition coming to us out of Germany includes the bride and groom holding candles trimmed with flowers and ribbons. This beatiful old tradition could be included in a wedding of today, with the couple placing candles they have carried to the alter beside their unity candle. These candles could then be used to light the unity candle at the end of the ceremony.

India: Flowers have always played a very important part in the Indian wedding. A lasting tradition passed along from generations to generations is that of the brother of the groom sprinkling flower petals over the heads of the couple following the wedding vows and at the end of the ceremony.

1. What is the “coup de marriage”?

→ .

1. What does drinking from the same cup denote?

→ .

1. When could the candles be used to light the unity candle?

→ .

1. How have flowers played in the Indian wedding?

→ .

1. Who sprinkles flower petals over the heads of the couple?

→ .

1. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C, or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage.

In Viet Nam, a death anniversary is called gio. It is a festive occasion, at which (1) of an extended family gather together. Female family members traditionally (2) the

entire day cooking an elaborate banquet in honour of the deceased individual, which will then (3) enjoyed by all the family members. In addition, sticks of incense are burned in (4) and commemoration of the deceased person. It is not unusual for a family to celebrate several gio per year, so the ceremony serves as a time for families to (5) , much like the Vietnamese new year, Tet.

In Vietnamese culture, certain special, traditional dishes (particularly desserts) are only prepared (6) death anniversary banquet. In addition, favourite foods of the deceased person being honoured are also prepared. Chicken, a particularly prized (7) in Viet Nam, is often cooked as well. In Central Viet Nam, small stuffed glutinous rice flour balls

(8)

in leaves called banh it are such a dish. Because the preparation of

(9)

many complex dishes is time-consuming, some families purchase or

(10) caterers to prepare certain dishes. It is also common that a soft-boiled egg be prepared and then given to the oldest grandson.

1. Match the information in Column A with the customs and traditions in Column B.
2. IN JAPAN

1. When you meet someone
2. When you have meals with the Japanese
3. When you are in a restaurant
4. When you are given a gift
5. you shouldn’t fumble with your chopsticks.
6. you shouldn’t talk too loudly.
7. you shouldn’t open it in front of the giver.
8. you should bow to greet them.
9. IN BRAZIL

1. Make sentences using the words and phrases given. You can add some words and make changes.
2. The Xa Pho ethnic group/ a population/ over 1,000 people/ mainly/ the district/ Sa Pa.
3. Different folk dances/ the Xa Pho/ performed/ by groups of five to ten people/ straight or curved lines.
4. In the dance movements/ the left hand/ use/ musical instrument/ while/ the right hand/ hold/ costumes following the beat.
5. Girls/ often wear/ traditional skirt and shirt/ indigo fabric.
6. They/ embroider and decorate/ clothes/ elaborately/ beautifully.
7. Main musical instrument/ Ma Nhi.
8. Women/ dance and beat/ rhythm/ the same time.
9. Men and women/ separate dances/ and/ seldom/ dance together.
10. Use the information below to write a short paragraph of around 100 words about Thanksgiving Day.

B. SPEAKING: Rearrange the sentences to make a complete conversation. Then practice it with a friend. The first one has been done for you.

A. Yes. There were several guests there, and we all waited until the host invited us to the table.

B. No, You should wait unitl the host says “Bon appetit”.

1 C. Last week, I had dinner with a French family and they have interesting talbe manners.

D. What about during the meal?

E. That’s unusual! Also, I saw on TV that they use knives and forks.

F. What does it mean?

G. You should use your fingers to break the bread.

H. Really?

I. Can you eat as soon as you sit down at the dining table?

J. It means “Enjoy your meals!”

K. During the meal, you should put your hands on the table. My friend tells me that in France it’s impossible to rest your hands on your lap.

L. Right. The fork is held in the left hand and the knife in the right hand. They also have forks and spoons for dessert.

M. What about bread?

KEY TO TEST (MID-TERM)

1. Choose the word having the underlined part pronounced differently in each line.

1. Rewrite these imperatives so that they have opposite meaning to the originals.

Break

chopsticks

custom

generations

manners

Residents

respect

shoes

tradition

worshipping

1. In Viet Nam, we follow the tradition of the ancestors.
2. You should take off your before going into a Japanese house.
3. In my family there is a of having dinner together at 7.30 sharp.
4. We shouldn’t

with this tradition because it reflects our culture and lifestyle.

1. You should place the on top of the rice bowl when you finish a meal in Viet Nam.
2. There is a British of having afternoon tea at 4 p.m.
3. We cook five-coloured sticky rice on the first of every lunar month, and our family has followed this tradition for .
4. According to our tradition, you should old people.
5. In our community, it’s the custom for the mornings.

to clean the streets on Sunday

1. You should learn about British table so you can feel comfortable at dinner.
2. worshipping
3. shoes
4. custom
5. break
6. chopsticks
7. tradition
8. generations
9. respect
10. residents
11. manners
12. Complete the sentences with have to, has to, don’t have to, or doesn’t have to.
13. It’s Sunday, so the children

go to school.

1. Minh study for a test, so he is going to stay at home.
2. Your shoes are dirty. You clean them.
3. I

take an umbrella. It isn’t raining.

1. Peter

get up early. It’s his holiday.

1. It’s very informal here. You

wear a tie unless you want to.

1. Jane tidy her room. It is a mess.
2. The train is direct. Your brother change trains.
3. In Britain, everyone _ pay in pounds.
4. Help yourself to anything you want. You ask.
5. don’t have to
6. has to
7. have to
8. don’t have to
9. doesn’t have to
10. don’t have to
11. has to
12. doesn’t have to
13. has to
14. don’t have to
15. Choose the correct answer A, B, C, or D to complete the sentences.
16. My family _ the tradition of cooking sticky rice on the first day of a lunar month.
    1. discovers B. allows C. follows D. advises
17. When having meals with a British family, you should never chew with your open.
    1. hand B. eye C. finger D. mouth
18. We enjoy our family customs and traditions because they provide us with a sense of

.

• 1. belonging B. missing C. worrying D. surrounding

1. The xoe dance is a tradition of Thai ethnic people.
   1. physical B. spiritual C. material D. practical
2. In Japan when bowing, you your appreciation and respect to other person.
   1. prepare B. suggest C. open D. express
3. You use your moble phone on the plane.
   1. must B. mustn’t C. don’t have to D. have to
4. He cross the street when the traffic light is green for pedestrians.
   1. should B. shouldn’t C. ought D. oughtn’t
5. It’s optional. We

go if you don’t want.

• 1. have to B. don’t have to C. mustn’t D. must

1. She’s always tired. She

go to bed late every night.

• 1. can B. can’t C. should D. shouldn’t

1. My brother work late tonight. His boss ordered him to stay until 10.00.

A. must B. have to C. has to D. should

1. Read the following passage and answer the questions.

Wedding Traditions around the World

France: A lovely custom coming to us out of France comes in the form of a two handled cup called the “coup de marriage”. The cup was saved to be used from one generation to another. Of

course, the custom has long been establised of drinking a toast to one another, but the two handled cup adds a special touch to the weddings of today. Until recently, these cups have been very difficult to find. Drinking from the same cup denotes “togetherness”.

Germany: The tradition coming to us out of Germany includes the bride and groom holding candles trimmed with flowers and ribbons. This beatiful old tradition could be included in a wedding of today, with the couple placing candles they have carried to the alter beside their unity candle. These candles could then be used to light the unity candle at the end of the ceremony.

India: Flowers have always played a very important part in the Indian wedding. A lasting tradition passed along from generations to generations is that of the brother of the groom sprinkling flower petals over the heads of the couple following the wedding vows and at the end of the ceremony.

1. What is the “coup de marriage”?

→ It is a two handled cup.

1. What does drinking from the same cup denote?

→ It denotes “togetherness” .

1. When could the candles be used to light the unity candle?

→ At the end of the ceremony.

1. How have flowers played in the Indian wedding?

→ They have always played a very important part (in the Indian wedding).

1. Who sprinkles flower petals over the heads of the couple?

→ The brother of the groom does.

1. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C, or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage.

In Viet Nam, a death anniversary is called gio. It is a festive occasion, at which (1) of an extended family gather together. Female family members traditionally (2) the entire day cooking an elaborate banquet in honour of the deceased individual, which will then (3) enjoyed by all the family members. In addition, sticks of incense are burned in (4) and commemoration of the deceased person. It is not unusual for a family to celebrate several gio per year, so the ceremony serves as a time for families to (5) , much like the Vietnamese new year, Tet.

In Vietnamese culture, certain special, traditional dishes (particularly desserts) are only prepared (6) death anniversary banquet. In addition, favourite foods of the deceased

person being honoured are also prepared. Chicken, a particularly prized (7) in Viet Nam, is often cooked as well. In Central Viet Nam, small stuffed glutinous rice flour balls

(8)

in leaves called banh it are such a dish. Because the preparation of

(9)

many complex dishes is time-consuming, some families purchase or

(10) caterers to prepare certain dishes. It is also common that a soft-boiled egg be prepared and then given to the oldest grandson.

1. Match the information in Coloumn A with the customs and traditions in Column B.
2. IN JAPAN

1. c, 2. E, 3. B, 4. A, 5. d

1. IN BRAZIL

1. e, 2. B, 3. A, 4. C, 5.d

1. Make sentences using the words and phrases given. You can add some words and make changes.
2. The Xa Pho ethnic group/ a population/ over 1,000 people/ mainly/ the district/ Sa Pa.

The Xa Pho ethnic group has a population of over 1,000 people mainly living in the district of Sa Pa.

1. Different folk dances/ the Xa Pho/ performed/ by groups of five to ten people/ straight or curved lines.

Many different folk dances of the Xa Pho are performed by groups of five to ten people in straight or curved lines.

1. In the dance movements/ the left hand/ use/ musical instrument/ while/ the right hand/ hold/ costumes following the beat.

In the dance movements, the left hand is using the musical instrument while the right hand is holding costumes following the beat.

1. Girls/ often wear/ traditional skirt and shirt/ indigo fabric.

Girls often wear a traditional skirt and shirt made of indigo fabric.

1. They/ embroider and decorate/ clothes/ elaborately/ beautifully. They embroider and decorate their clothes elaborately and beatifully.
2. Main musical instrument/ Ma Nhi. The main musical instrument is Ma Nhi
3. Women/ dance and beat/ rhythm/ the same time. Women dance and beat the rhythm at the same time.
4. Men and women/ separate dances/ and/ seldom/ dance together. Men and woment have separate dances and seldom dance together.
5. Use the information below to write a short paragraph of around 100 words about Thanksgiving Day.

Thanksgiving Day is a harvest celebration. Traditionally, it was a time to give thanks for a big harvest. It is also a holiday to express appreciation to family and friends. This is why it is celebrated with a big family feast. Nowadays Thanksgiving is celebrated on the fourth Thursday of November. Thanksgiving is a time when families come together and eat a lot of food. They eat big turkeys and cranberries and pumpkin pie. It is a day of gratitude and appreciation. Everybody

B. SPEAKING: Rearrange the sentences to make a complete conversation. Then practice it with a friend. The first one has been done for you.

A. Yes. There were several guests there, and we all waited until the host invited us to the table.

B. No, You should wait unitl the host says “Bon appetit”.

1 C. Last week, I had dinner with a French family and they have interesting talbe manners.

D. What about during the meal?

E. That’s unusal! Also, I saw on TV that they use knives and forks.

F. What does it mean?

G. You should use your fingers to break the bread.

H. Really?

I. Can you eat as soon as you sit down at the dining table?

J. It means “Enjoy your meals!”

K. During the meal, you should put your hands on the table. My friend tells me that in France it’s impossible to rest your hands on your lap.

L. Right. The fork is held in the left hand and the knife in the right hand. They also have forks and spoons for dessert.

M. What about bread?

1. C 2. H 3. A 4. I 5. B

6. F

7. J 8. D 9. K 10. E 11. L

1. M
2. G