Công thức toán học không thể tải, để xem trọn bộ tài liệu hoặc in ra làm bài tập, hãy tải file word về máy bạn nhé

UNIT 1: MY HOBBIES

A. GRAMMAR - NGỮ PHÁP

I. THE PRESENT SIMPLE - Thì hiện tại đơn 1. Cấu trúc thì hiện tại đơn với động từ "To be" 1.1 Câu khẳng định S + is/ am/ are + ...

- Trong đó: S (subject) = Chủ ngữ

Ví dụ:

➢ I am a student. (Tôi là sinh viên.)

Ta thấy với chủ ngữ khác nhau động từ "to be" chia khác nhau.

1.2 Câu phủ định

S + is/ am/ are + not + ...

Ví dụ:

➢ He isn’t my little brother. (Cậu ấy không phải là em trai của tôi.)

1.3 Câu nghi vấn

Am/ Is/ Are + S+ ...?

Trả lời: Yes, I + am. - Yes, he/ she/ it + is. - Yes, we/ you/ they + are. No, I + am not. - No, he/ she/ it + isn't - No, we/ you/ they + aren't.

Ví dụ:

➢ Are you Jananese? (Bạn là người Nhật đúng không vậy?)

- No, I am not. I'm Vietnamese. (Không. Tôi là người Việt Nam.)

2. Cấu trúc thì hiện tại đơn với động từ thường

2.1 Câu khẳng định

S + V(s/es)

Trong đó: - S (subject) = Chủ ngữ

- V (verb) = Động từ

Ví dụ:

➢ We go to school by bus everyday. (Chúng tôi đến trường bằng xe buýt hàng ngày.) Trong câu này, chủ ngữ là "She" nên động từ chính "go" phải thêm "es".

2.2 Câu phủ định

S + don't/ doesn't + V (nguyên thể)

Lưu ý:

• don't - do not
• doesn't - does not

CHÚ Ý:

 Ví dụ:

• I don't usually go swimming. (Tôi không thường xuyên đi bơi.)
• She doesn't like football. (Cô ấy không thích bóng đá.)

2.3 Câu nghi vấn

Do/ Does + S + V(nguyên thể)?

Trả lời: Yes, I/we/you/they + do./ Yes, he/she/it + does.

No, I/we/you/they + don't/ No, he/she/it + doesn't. CHÚ Ý:

 Ví dụ:

• Do you stay with your family? (Bạn có ở cùng với gia đình không?)
• Yes, I do./ No, I don't. (Có, tớ ở cùng với gia đình./ Không, tớ không ở cùng.)

Trong câu này, chủ ngữ là "you" nên ta mượn trợ động từ "Do" đứng trước chủ ngữ, động từ chính "stay" ở dạng nguyên thể.

• Does your mother like cooking? (Mẹ của bạn có thích nấu ăn không?)
• Yes, she does./ No, she doesn't. (Có, bà ấy thích nấu ăn./ Không, bà ấy không thích.) Trong câu này, chủ ngữ là "your mother" (tương ứng với ngôi "she") nên ta mượn trợ động từ "Does" đứng trước chủ ngữ, động từ chính "like" ở dạng nguyên thể.

1. Cách sử dụng thì hiện tại đơn

 Diễn tả một hành động, sự việc diễn ra thường xuyên, lặp đi lặp lại hay một thói quen.

Ví dụ:

• • They drive to the office every day. (Hàng ngày họ lái xe đi làm.)
  • She doesn’t come here very often. (Cô ấy không đến đây thường xuyên.)

 Diễn tể một sự thật hiển nhiên, một chân lý

Ví dụ:

• • The sun rises in the East and sets in the West. (Mặt trời mọc ở đằng Đông, và lặn ở đằng Tây.)

Đây là một sự thật hiển nhiên nên ta sử dụng thì hiện tại đơn để diễn tả. Chủ ngữ là "the sun" (số ít, tương ứng với "ít") nên động từ "rise" và "set" ta phải thêm "s".

 Diễn tả sự việc sẽ xảy xa theo lịch trình, thời gian biểu rõ ràng như giờ tàu, máy bay chạy...

Ví dụ:

• • Christmas Day falls on a Monday this year. (Năm nay Giáng sinh rơi vào ngày thứ Hai.)
  • The flight starts at 7 am tomorrow. (Chuyến bay sẽ bắt đầu vào lúc 7h sáng ngày mai.)

 Diễn tả suy nghĩ, cảm xúc, cảm giác.

Ví dụ:

• • I think he is a good boy. (Tôi nghĩ cậu ấy là một chàng trai tốt.)
  • She feels very tired now. (Bây giờ cô ấy cảm thấy rất mệt.)

1. Dấu hiệu nhận biết thì hiện tại đơn

 Trong câu có các trạng từ chỉ tần suất:

 Chú ý: từ “ba lần” trở lên sử dụng: số đếm + times Ví dụ:

• • She sees grandparents four times a month. (Cô ấy đến thăm ông bà 1 tháng 4 lần.)  Vị trí của trạng từ chỉ tuần suất trong câu:

- Các trạng từ: always, usually, often, sometimes, rarely, seldom... - đứng trước động từ thường, đứng sau động từ "to be" và trợ động từ.

Ví dụ:

• • He is usually at home in the evening. (Anh ấy thường ở nhà vào buổi tối.)
  • I don't often go out with my friends. (Tôi không thường xuyên ra ngoài với bạn bè.)

1. Quy tắc thêm "s" hoặc "es" sau động từ

− Thông thường ta thêm "s" vào sau các động từ.

Ví dụ:

work - works read - reads like - likes dance - dances

− Những động từ tận cùng bằng: -s; -sh; -ch; -z; -x; -o ta thêm "es".

Ví dụ:

miss - misses watch - watches

wash - washes buzz - buzzes

− Những động từ tận cùng là "y":

+ Nếu trước "y" là một nguyên âm (a, e, i, o, u) - ta giữ nguyên "y" + "s"

Ví dụ: play - plays; buy - buys; pay - pays

+ Nếu trước "y" là một phụ âm - ta đổi "y" thành "i" + "es" Ví dụ: fly - flies; cry - cries; fry - fries

− Trường hợp đặc biệt:

Ta có: have - has

Động từ "have" khi đi với chủ ngữ là ngôi thứ 3 số ít sẽ không thêm "s" mà biến đổi thành "has".

Ví dụ:

➢ She has three cats. (Cô ấy có 3 con mèo.)

II. THE FUTURE SIMPLE TENSE (THI TƯƠNG LAI ĐƠN)

1. Cấu trúc 1.1 Câu khẳng định S + will + V (nguyên thể)

Trong đó:

S (subject): Chủ ngữ will: trợ động từ

V (nguyên thể): động từ ở dạng nguyên thể

 CHÚ Ý

I will = I'll; They will = They'll; It will = It'll

He will = He'll; We will = We'll She will = She'll; You will =You'll

Ví dụ:

• My mother will help me care for my babies tomorrow. (Ngày mai mẹ tôi sẽ chăm sóc bọn trẻ giúp tôi.)
• She will bring you a cup of tea soon. (Cô ấy sẽ mang cho bạn một tách trà sớm thôi.)

1.2 Câu phủ định

S + will not + V(nguyên thể)

Câu phủ định trong thì tương lai đơn ta chỉ cần thêm "not" vào ngay sau "will".

CHÚ Ý:

will not = won't Ví dụ:

• I won't tell him the truth. (Tôi sẽ không nói với anh ấy sự thật.)
• We won't finish our report in 2 days. (Chúng tôi sẽ không thể hoàn thành bài báo cáo trong vòng 2 ngày.)

1.3 Câu nghi vấn

Will + S + V(nguyên thể)?

Trả lời: Yes, S + will./ No, S + won't.

Câu hỏi trong thì tương lai đơn: ta chỉ cần đảo "will" lên trước chủ ngữ.

Ví dụ:

• Will they come here tomorrow? (Họ sẽ đến đây vào ngày mai chứ?)

Yes, they will./ No, they won't. (Đúng, họ sẽ đến. / Không, họ không đến.)

• Will you take me to the zoo this weekend? (Mẹ sẽ cho con đến vườn bách thú chơi vào cuối tuần này chứ mẹ?)

Yes, I will./ No, I won't. (Ừ, được./ Không được.)

1. Cách sử dụng của thì tương lai đơn
   • Nói về một hành động hay một sự việc sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai.

Ví dụ:

➢ She'll be twenty on Sunday. (Cô ấy sẽ tròn 20 tuổi vào Chủ Nhật tới.)

• • Diễn tả một quyết định, một ý định nhất thời xảy ra ngay tại thời điểm nói.

Ví dụ:

➢ What would you like to drink? I'll have a mineral water. (Anh muốn uống gì? Tôi sẽ uống nước suối.)

• • Diễn tả một dự đoán không có căn cứ.

Ví dụ:

➢ She supposes that she will get a better job. (Cô ấy tin rằng cô ấy sẽ kiếm được một công việc tốt.)

• • Diễn tả một lời hứa hay lời yêu cầu, đề nghị.

Ví dụ:

➢ I promise I will return school on time. (Tôi hứa tôi sẽ trở về trường đúng giờ.) ➢ Will you please bring me a cup of coffee? (Bạn làm ơn mang cho tôi một tách cà phê được không?)

• • Sử dụng trong điều kiện loại một, diễn tả một giả định có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại và tương lai.

Ví dụ:

➢ If it stops raining soon, we will go to the cinema. (Nếu trời tạnh mưa sớm thì chúng tôi sẽ đi tới rạp chiếu phim.)

1. Dấu hiệu nhận biết thì tương lai đơn

Trong câu có các trạng từ chỉ thời gian trong tương lai như: ▪ In + thời gian: trong... nữa (in 2 minutes: trong 2 phút nữa)

• • Tomorrow: ngày mai
  • Next day: ngày hôm tới
  • Next week/ next month/ next year: tuần tới/ tháng tới/ năm tới
  • The day after tomorrow: ngày kia
  • Soon: chẳng bao lâu nữa
  • Someday: một ngày nào đó

Trong câu có những động từ chỉ quan điểm như:

• • think/ believe/ suppose/...: nghĩ/ tin/ cho là
  • perhaps: có lẽ
  • probably: có lẽ

III. VERB FOLLOWED BY GERUND (ĐỘNG TỪ THEO SAU BỞI V-ING)

Cấu trúc: S + like/ love/ enjoy/ hate +V-ing Ví dụ:

• I like swimming. (Tôi thích bơi lội.)
• She hates washing clothes. (Cô ấy ghét giặt quần áo.)
• My father doesn't like mountain - climbing. (Bố tôi không thích leo núi.)

Ngoài ra, sau những động từ chỉ sở thích này chúng ta cũng có thể dùng to - infinitive mà nghĩa của câu không hề thay đổi.

Ví dụ:

• My sister loves to make model. (Chị gái tôi thích công việc làm người mẫu.)

1. VOCABULARY - TỪ VỰNG

1. EXERCISES - BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH

PART 1. PHONETICS

1. Put the words with the underlined part in the box into two groups.

1. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.
   1. A. future B. return C. picture D. culture
   2. A. hobby B. collect C. doll D. over
   3. A. collect B. concern C. combine D. convey
   4. A. piano B. fish C. like D. badminton
   5. A. arrange B. game C. make D. skate

PART 2: VOCABULARY & GRAMMAR

1. Match the nouns from the box with the correct verb.

• 1. Go:...................................................................................................................................... 2. Do:...................................................................................................................................... 3. Collect: ............................................................................................................................... 4. Play: ...................................................................................................................................

1. Circle A, B, C or D for each picture.

1. Find one odd word A, B, C or D.
   1. A. watching TV B. playing games C. collecting D. cartoon
   2. A. paint B. listen C. take D. flower
   3. A. cycling B. music C. skating D. climbing
   4. A. pottery B. photo C. love D. wood
   5. A. gymnastics B. camping C. fishing D. horse-riding
2. Puts the verbs in brackets in the correct verb form.
   1. I (think) that mountain-climbing is very dangerous.
   2. My father (like) collecting stamps so much.
   3. She (take) a lot of photos when she (go) on holidays.
   4. I like drawing very much. My hobby is (paint) .
   5. My mother says when she (retire) , she (go) back to her village to do the gardening.
   6. your sister (like) (make) model in her free time?
   7. My brother (promise) that he (give) me a nice doll on my birthday.
   8. Duong says he loves horse-riding but he (not/ continue) this hobby from next year.

• 1. My aunt (play) the guitar once a week.
  2. Don't worry. I (dance) with you next Sunday.

1. Fill each blank with a word/ phrase in the box.

• 1. I like . I usually play against my brother. I also play against other

people on the Internet

• 1. My younger sister likes collecting . Now she has more than 50.
  2. I'm interested in . My idol is My Tam.
  3. My girl friend likes doing , so she has a nice body.
  4. I never skiing.
  5. My father like reading . His favorite writer is Van Cao.
  6. My hobby is with my friends when I have some days off.
  7. My family usually goes on weekends.
  8. He likes collecting , especially glasses.
  9. My mother likes . She can cook lots of delicious dishes. PART 3: READING

1. Fill in the blank with a word/ phrase in the box.

My favourite hobby is (1) and I like so much (2) new plants and (3) them in daily morning. I enjoy seeing flowers (4) and plants

(5) . I really (6) sense of great achievements and realize the fact of life. It helps me keep (7) fit, (8) , strong and (9) . Watering plants and gardening on daily basis is a best (10) for me which positively moulds my mind and body.

2. Choose the correct answer A, B, C or D to fill each blank in the following passage.

My favourite hobby is coin (1) . It is also one of the oldest (2) of

the world and is also called 'hobby of the Kings', as in the old times, it was only done by kings and elite class of the society. It started for me some years back when my father used to come back (3) his foreign tours and give me coins of (4) countries.

I started collecting them in my money box and after that I always used to wait for my new coins as much I used to wait for my father. Since then, it has become my favourite hobby. This hobby has given me information about different countries of the world. I feel extreme pleasure in (5) my collection to (6) . It has also taught me this lesson that A LIFE (7) A HOBBY IS JUST (8) FOOD WITHOUT SALT.

1. A. collecting B. collection C. collected D. collectors
2. A. hobby B. hobbies C. game D. games
3. A. after B. in C. from D. of
4. A. other B. different C. unlike D. diverse
5. A. showing B. show C. shown D. to show
6. A. other B. another C. others D. person
7. A. with B. about C. without D. of
8. A. as B. like C. if D. likes

3. Read the article and then decide whether the statements are true (T) or (F). After school Kien usually goes swimming. He goes to the swimming pool five times a week. His swimming pool is very good. The pool is 25 metres long and has six lanes. More than a thousand children have swimming lessons there every month.

His swimming instructor is experienced and friendly, but she is also strict. She

Lessons last 45 minutes, but he usually trains for an hour and a half. During the lesson he swims about two kilometers. His favourite swimming styles are crawl an backstroke.

He practices a lot to improve his swimming skills. He wants to achieve good results. Last month he participated in a swimming competition. Ten swimmers from three schools took part in the competition. He won first prize.

Swimming is his favourite sport. Swimming is interesting and pleasant, and it helps him to keep fit.

True or False?

Kien goes to home after school.

He practices swimming five times a month.

His swimming instructor is so hard.

He swims about five kilometers during the lesson.

The best friend won first prize in the swimming competition.

PART 4: WRITING 1. Make up sentences using the words and phrases given.

1. when/ I/ ten/ begin/ play football.

................................................................................................................................................

1. in/ future/ my father/ go abroad.

................................................................................................................................................

1. read/ books/ free time/ is/ favourite/ hobby.

................................................................................................................................................

1. I/ think/ skate/ more/ interesting/ mountain - climbing.

................................................................................................................................................

1. I /not/ know/ why/ my mother/ cook.

................................................................................................................................................

1. He/ collect/ books/ whenever/ have/ money.

................................................................................................................................................

1. How many/ paintings/ she/ paint?

................................................................................................................................................

1. I/ love/ flowers/ so/ I/ plant/ around/ house.

................................................................................................................................................

UNIT 2: HEALTH

A. GRAMMAR - NGỮ PHÁP

I. IMPERATIVES WITH MORE AND LESS (Câu mệnh lệnh với more và less)

1. Cấu trúc: VERB + MORE/LESS + NOUN
2. Cách sử dụng

Câu mệnh lệnh dùng để hướng dẫn, ra lệnh, yêu cầu hoặc gợi ý.

Ví dụ:

• • Watch less TV! (Xem ti vi ít thôi)
  • Do more exercises! (Làm nhiều bài tập hơn nữa)
  • Spend less time playing computer games. (Chơi trò chơi máy tính ít thôi.)

II. COMPOUND SENTENCE (Câu ghép)

Câu ghép là câu có hai hay nhiều mệnh đề độc lập được nối với nhau bằng liên từ.

Cách thành lập câu ghép:

1. Dấu chấm phẩy (semicolons)

− Dấu chấm phẩy (;) được dùng nối hai mệnh đề độc lập để tạo thành câu ghép

− Nếu không dùng từ nối như cách 1 thì cần dùng dấu "chấm phấy", không được dùng dấu phẩy

Ví dụ:

➢ The bus was very crowded; I had to stand all the way.

(Xe buýt đông quá nên tôi phải đứng cả dọc đường.)

2. Từ nối (conjunctions)

− Các mệnh đề độc lập được nối với nhau bằng các từ nối: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so để tạo nên câu ghép

− Đặt dấu phẩy trước từ nối

Ví dụ:

➢ The bus was very crowded, so I had to stand all the way.

3. Trạng từ nối (conjunctive adverbs)

Ví dụ

➢ The bus was very crowded; therefore, I had to stand all the way. Một số từ nối thông dụng:

1. VOCABULARY - TỪ VỰNG

1. EXERCISES - BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH

PART 1. PHONETICS

1. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined. Read the words aloud.
   1. A. of B. coffee C. leaf D. fault
   2. A. cough B. laugh C. enough D. through
   3. A. knee B. knife C. king D. knitting
   4. A. daughter B. weigh C. rough D. thought
   5. A. knives B. draught C. flu D. tough
2. Put the words in the box into two groups.

PART 2: VOCABULARY & GRAMMAR

1. Find one odd word A, B, C or D.
   1. A. temperature B. ill C. headache D. flu
   2. A. sick B. ill C. unhealthy D. backache
   3. A. and B. or C. however D. so
   4. A. hurt B. weak C. sleepy D. tired
   5. A. pain B. hurt C. itchy D. burn
2. Circle A, B, C or D for each picture.

1. Fill in the blank with a word in the box.

• 1. If you brush your teeth regularly you will not have .
  2. You look tired. You should more.
  3. Today the weather is cold, so you should your warm clothes.
  4. Some people are to crab.
  5. If you want to be healthy, you should eat less fast food and do more .
  6. Today it is very hot. Please wear a when you go out.
  7. Eating too many sweets and fast foods causes health problems such as tooth decay,

.

• 1. Eating carrots regularly will help you have .
  2. You can avoid some diseases by keeping your hands .
  3. more time on computer games may lead to sore eyes.

1. Complete the sentences using more or less.
   1. You should eat fruits and vegetables because they are good for your health.
   2. She looks very tired after coming back from work. She should rest .
   3. We should spend time on computer games.
   4. Drink green tea and coffee.
   5. Smoking can lead to lung cancer, so smoke .
   6. If you wash your hands than you will be less chance of having flu.
   7. Eat high-fat food keep you from getting fat.
   8. Which activity burns calories, walking or riding a bicycle?
2. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense form.
   1. It is important (eat) well.
   2. It (be) very cold today. You should wear your warm clothes when you (go) out to prevent cold.

• 1. Do morning exercise every day and you’ll (feel) better.
  2. I have a lot of homework to do this evening, so I (not have) ________ time to watch the football match.
  3. (Eat) junk food and inactivity (be) the main causes of obesity.
  4. I (have) a headache and I need to rest more.

• 1. I (have) a toothache so I (have to/ see) the dentist.
  2. I have to take medicines because I (be) sick.
  3. Japanese (eat) more fish instead of meat, so they (stay) more healthy.
  4. When you (have) a fever, you (should/ drink) more water and rest more.
  5. A healthy diet (help) us feel healthier.
  6. Watching TV much (hurt) your eyes.

PART 3: READING

1. Put a word from the box in each gap to complete the following passage.

Causes of Childhood Obesity

Family history; psychological factors, and (1) all play a role in childhood obesity. Children whose parents or other family members are (2) or obese are more likely to follow suit. But the main (3) of childhood obesity is a combination of eating too much and exercising too little.

A poor (4) containing high levels of fat or sugar and few nutrients can cause kids to gain weight quickly. Fast food, candy, and soft drinks are common culprits. The U.S. Department of Health & Human Services (HHS) reports that 32 percent of adolescent girls and 52 percent of adolescent boys in the United States drink 24 ounces of soda - or more - per day. Convenience foods, such as frozen dinners, salty snacks, and canned pastas, can also (5) to unhealthy weight gain. Some children become obese because their parents don't know how to choose or prepare healthy foods. Other families may not be able to easily afford fresh fruits, vegetables, and meats.

Not enough (6) can be another cause of childhood obesity. People of' all ages tend to gain weight when they're less active. Exercise burns (7) and helps you maintain a healthy weight. Children who aren't encouraged to be active may be less likely to burn extra calories through sports, time on the playground, or other forms of physical activity. Psychological issues may also lead to obesity in some children. Kids and teens who are bored, stressed, or depressed may eat (8) to cope with negative emotions.

2. Choose the correct word A, B, or C for each gap to complete the following passage. What You Can Do To Stay Healthy

Evidence shows that some of the leading causes of death such as heart disease, cancer, stroke, some lung diseases can be prevented by improving personal health (1) . Eating right, staying physically active, and not smoking are a few examples of good habits that can help you stay healthy.

Eating Right

Eating the right foods and the right (2) of foods can help you live a longer, healthier life. Research has proven that many illnesses - such as diabetes, heart disease, and high blood pressure - can be prevented or controlled by eating right. Getting the (3)

you need, such as calcium and iron, and keeping your weight under control can help. Try to (4) the calories you get from food with the calories you use through physical activity. It is never too late to start eating right. Here are some (5) tips.

Eat a (6) of foods, especially: Vegetables, Fruits, Dry beans (such as red beans, navy beans, and soybeans), whole grains, such as wheat, rice, oats, corn, and barley.

Eat foods low in fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol, especially: Fish, poultry prepared without skin; lean meat, (7) dairy products.

Physical Activity

Research shows that physical activity can help prevent at least six diseases: heart disease, high blood pressure, obesity (excess weight), diabetes, osteoporosis, and mental disorders, such as depression. Physical activity also will help you feel better and stay at a healthy weight. Try to do a total of 30 minutes of constant physical activity, such as fast (8) most days of the week.

1. A. habits B. routine C. habit
2. A. quantity B. amounts C. number
3. A. nutrients B. foods C. drinks
4. A. balancing B. gain C. balance
5. A. helpful B. good C. important
6. A. variety B. diversified C. varied
7. A. high-fat B. low-fat C. no-fat
8. A. waking B. driving C. eating

PART 4: WRITING

1. Make sentences using the words and phrases given.

1. Eat / healthy / diet / and / do / exercise / regularly / help / you / stay / healthy.

................................................................................................................................................

1. We / need / calories / or / energy / do / things / every day.

................................................................................................................................................

1. We / should / balance / calories / we / get / from / food / with / calories / we / use / physical activity.

................................................................................................................................................

1. Eat / healthy / balanced / diet / be / important / part / maintain / good / health.

................................................................................................................................................

1. Eat / less / sweet / food / and / eat / more / fruit / vegetables.

................................................................................................................................................

1. Drink / lots / water / be / good / our health.

................................................................................................................................................

1. I / have / tooth decay / so / I / have to / see / dentist.

................................................................................................................................................

1. Watch / much / TV / not / good / your eyes.

................................................................................................................................................

UNIT 3: COMMUNITY SERVICE

A. GRAMMAR - NGỮ PHÁP

I. SIMPLE PAST (THÌ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN) 1. THÌ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN VỚI ĐỘNG TỪ "TO BE"

Động từ "to be" ở thì quá khứ đơn có 2 dạng là "was" và "were"

1.1 Thể khẳng định

S + was/ were

Trong đó: S (subject): chủ ngữ

CHÚ Ý:

S = I/ He/ She/ It (số ít) + was S = We/ You/ They (số nhiều) + were Ví dụ:

• I was very tired yesterday. (Ngày hôm qua, tôi rất mệt.)
• My parents were in Nha Trang on their summer holiday last year. (Năm ngoái, bố mẹ tôi đi nghỉ mát ở Nha Trang.)

1.2. Thể phủ định

S + was/were + not

Đối với câu phủ định ta chỉ cần thêm "not" vào sau động từ "to be".

CHÚ Ý:

was not = wasn't were not = weren't Ví dụ:

• My brother wasn't happy last night because of losing money. (Tối qua anh trai tôi không vui vì mất tiền.)
• We weren't at home yesterday. (Hôm qua chúng tôi không ở nhà.) 1.3 Thể nghi vấn

Were/ Was + S ...?

• Yes, S + was/ were.
• No, S + wasn't/ weren't

(Tức là với câu hỏi ta chỉ cần đảo động từ "to be" lên trước chủ ngữ)

Ví dụ:

➢ Was she tired of hearing her customer's complaint yesterday? (Cô ấy có bị mệt vì nghe khách hàng phàn nàn ngày hôm qua không?)

- Yes, she was./ No, she wasn't. (Có, cô ấy có./ Không, cô ấy không.)

➢ Were they at work yesterday? (Hôm qua họ có làm việc không?)

- Yes, they were./ No, they weren't. (Có, họ có./ Không, họ không.)

2. THÌ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN VỚI ĐỘNG TỪ THƯỜNG

2.1 Thể khẳng định

S + V-ed

Trong đó: S: Chủ ngữ

V-ed: Động từ chia thì quá khứ đơn (theo qui tắc hoặc bất qui tắc)

Ví dụ:

• We went to the gym last Sunday. (Chủ Nhật tuần trước chúng tôi đã đến phòng tập thể hình.)
• My mum did yoga at new sports centre yesterday. (Ngày hôm qua mẹ tôi đi tập yoga ở một trung tâm thể dục thể thao mới.)

2.2 Thể phủ định:

S + did not + V (nguyên thể)

Trong thì quá khứ đơn câu phủ định ta mượn trợ động từ "did + not" (viết tắt là "didn't"), động từ theo sau ở dạng nguyên thể.

Ví dụ:

• He didn't come to school last week. (Tuần trước cậu ta không đến trường.)
• We didn't see him at the cinema last night. (Chúng tôi không trông thấy anh ta tại rạp chiếu phim tối hôm qua.)

2.3 Thể nghi vấn

Did + S + V (nguyên thể)?

Trong thì quá khứ đơn với câu hỏi ta mượn trợ động từ "did" đảo lên trước chủ ngữ, động từ theo sau ở dạng nguyên thể.

Ví dụ:

➢ Did you go camping with your class last Sunday? (Cậu có đi cắm trại cùng với lớp vào Chủ Nhật tuần trước không?)

- Yes, I did./ No, I didn't. (Có, mình có./ Không, mình không.)

➢ Did he miss the train yesterday? (Cậu ta đã lỡ chuyến tàu ngày hôm qua à?)

- Yes, he did./ No, he didn't, (Ừ, đúng vậy./ Không, cậu ta không.)

1. CÁCH SỬ DỤNG CỦA THÌ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN

❖ Dùng để diễn tả một hành động đã xảy ra và kết thúc trong quá khứ.

Ví dụ:

• • They went to the cinema last night. (Họ đã tới rạp chiếu phim tối hôm qua.)

Ta thấy "tối hôm qua" là một mốc thời gian trong quá khứ. Hành động "tới rạp chiếu phim" đã xảy ra tối hôm qua và kết thúc rồi nên ta sử dụng thì quá khứ đơn.

• • My sister gave me a present three days ago. (Chị gái tôi tặng quà cho tôi cách đây 3 ngày.)

Ta thấy "cách đây 3 ngày" là thời gian trong quá khứ và việc "tặng quà" đã xảy ra nên ta sử dụng thì quá khứ đơn.

1. DẤU HIỆU NHẬN BIẾT THÌ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN

Trong câu có các trạng từ chỉ thời gian trong quá khứ:

• • yesterday (hôm qua)
  • last night/ last week/ last month/ last year: tối qua/ tuần trước/ tháng trước/ năm ngoái
  • ago: cách đây. (two hours ago: cách đây 2 giờ/ two weeks ago: cách đây 2 ngày ...) - when: khi (trong câu kể)

1. CÁCH CHIA ĐỘNG TỪ Ở THÌ QUÁ KHỨ

5.1 Ta thêm "-ed" vào sau động từ

• Thông thường, ta thêm "ed" vào sau động từ.

Ví dụ: watch - watched; turn - turned; want – wanted

 Chú ý khi thêm đuôi "-ed" vào sau động từ

+ Động từ tận cùng là "e" → ta chỉ cần cộng thêm "d".

Ví dụ: type - typed; smile - smiled; agree - agreed

+ Động từ có MỘT âm tiết, tận cùng là MỘT phụ âm, trước phụ âm là MỘT nguyên âm → ta nhân đôi phụ âm cuối rồi thêm "-ed".

Ví dụ: stop - stopped; shop - shopped; tap - tapped

NGOẠI LỆ: commit - committed; travel - travelled; prefer - preferred

+ Động từ tận cùng là "y":

• Nếu trước "y" là MỘT nguyên âm (a,e,i,o,u) ta cộng thêm "ed".

Ví dụ: play - played; stay – stayed

• Nếu trước "y" là phụ âm (còn lại) ta đổi "y" thành "i + ed".

Ví dụ: study - studied; cry - cried

5.2 Một số động từ bất quy tắc không thêm "ed"

Có một số động từ khi sử dụng ở thì quá khứ không theo quy tắc thêm "ed".

Những động từ này ta cần học thuộc.

Ví dụ: go - went; get - got; see - saw; buy – bought

II. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE (THÌ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH)

1. CẤU TRÚC THÌ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH

1.1 Thể khẳng định S + have/ has + V_pII

Trong đó:

S (subject): chủ ngữ have/ has: trợ động từ V_pII: Động từ phân từ II CHÚ Ý :

• S = I/ We/ You/ They + have
• S = He/ She/ It + has

Ví dụ:

• I have graduated from my university since 2012. (Tôi tốt nghiệp Đại học từ năm 2012.)
• He has lived here for twenty years. (Ông ấy sống ở đây được hai mươi năm rồi.)

1.2 Thể phủ định

S + haven't / hasn't + V_pII

Câu phủ định trong thì hiện tại hoàn thành ta chỉ cần thêm "not" vào sau "have/has".

CHÚ Ý:

• haven't = have not
• hasn't = has not

Ví dụ:

• We haven't met each other for a long time. (Chúng tôi không gặp nhau trong một thời gian dài rồi.)
• It hasn't rained since last week. (Trời không mưa kể từ tuần trước.)

1.3 Thể nghi vấn

Have/ Has + S + V_pII?

• Yes, S + have/ has.
• No, S + haven't/ hasn't

(Với câu hỏi trong thì hiện tại hoàn thành: ta chỉ cần đảo trợ động từ "have/ has" lên trước chủ ngữ, động từ theo sau ở dạng phân từ II.)

Ví dụ:

➢ Have you ever travelled to London? (Bạn đã từng du lịch tới Luân Đôn bao giờ chưa?)

- Yes, I have./ No, I haven't. (Tôi đã từng./ Tôi chưa.)

➢ Has she arrived China yet? (Cô ấy đã tới Trung Quốc chưa?)

- Yes, she has/ No, she hasn't. (Cô ấy đã./ Cô ay chưa.)

1. CÁCH SỬ DỤNG CỦA THÌ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH
   1. Diễn tả hành động vừa mới xảy ra và hậu quả của nó vẫn còn ảnh hưởng đến hiện tại:

Ví dụ:

• • • I have broken my watch so I don't know what time it is. (Tôi đi làm vỡ cái đồng hồ của mình nên tôi không biết bây giờ là mấy giờ rồi.)
    • I have cancelled the meeting. (Tôi vừa hủy bỏ cuộc họp.)
  1. Diễn tả hành động mới diễn ra gần đây. Chúng ta thường dùng các từ như 'just', 'already' hay 'yet':

Ví dụ:

• • • She hasn't arrived yet. (Cô ấy vẫn chưa đến.)
    • They've already met. (Họ đã gặp nhau.)
    • Have you spoken to him yet? (Anh đã nói chuyện với anh ta chưa?)
  1. Diễn tả hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ và vẫn còn tiếp diễn ở hiện tại. Với cách dùng này, chúng ta sử dụng 'since' và 'for' để cho biết sự việc đã kéo dài bao lâu:

Ví dụ:

• • • I haven't seen Mai since Friday. (Từ thứ Sáu đến giờ tôi vẫn chưa gặp Mai.)
    • How long have you lived there? (Bạn sống ở đó được bao nhiêu năm rồi?)
  1. Diễn tả sự trải nghiệm hay kinh nghiệm. Chúng ta thường dùng 'ever' và 'never' khi nói về kinh nghiệm:

Ví dụ:

• • • Have you ever been to Japan? (Bạn đã từng đến Nhật Bản chưa?)
    • Has she ever talked to you about the problem? (Cô ấy có nói với bạn về vấn đề này chưa?)
    • I’ve never met ghost. (Tôi chưa bao giờ nhìn thấy ma.) 2.5 Diễn tả hành động xảy ra và lặp lại nhiều lần trong quá khứ:

Ví dụ:

• • • He has been to Thailand a lot over the last few years. (Những năm vừa qua, anh ấy đến Thái Lan rất nhiều lần.)
    • I have seen this film many times before. (Tôi đã từng xem bộ phim này rất nhiều lần.)

1. DẤU HIỆU NHẬN BIẾT THÌ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH

Trong câu có các trạng từ:

• • • already (đã) - never (chưa bao giờ) - ever (đã từng)
    • yet (chưa) - just (vừa mới) - so far (cho đến bây giờ)
    • recently (gần đây) - lately (gần đây)
    • several times (vài lần)
    • many times (nhiều lần)
    • up to now, up to the present, up to this moment, until now, until this time (đến tận bây giờ)
    • never... before (chưa bao giờ)
    • in/ for/ during/ over + the past/ last + thời gian (trong.... qua)

Ví dụ: during the past 2 years = trong 2 năm qua

• • • since + mốc thời gian (kể từ ...) (since 2014: kể từ năm 2014)

Nếu sau "since" là một mệnh đề thì mệnh đề trước since chia thì hiện tại hoàn thành còn mệnh đề sau since chia thì quá khứ đơn.

Ví dụ:

• • • I have studied English since I was a child.
    • for + khoảng thời gian (trong vòng ...) (for 2 months = trong vòng 2 tháng)
    • It is/ This is + the + số thứ tự (first, second, ...) + time + mệnh đề chia thì hiện tại hoàn thành (Đó/ Đây là lần thứ ....)

Vị trí của các trạng từ trong thì hiện tại hoàn thành:

• • • already, never, ever, just: sau "have/ has" và đúng trước động từ phân từ II.
    • already: cũng có thể đứng cuối câu.

Ví dụ:

➢ I have just come back home. (Tôi vừa mới về nhà.)

• • • yet: đứng cuối câu, và thường được sử dụng trong câu phủ định và nghi vấn.

Ví dụ:

She hasn't told me about you yet. (Cô ấy vẫn chưa kể với tôi về bạn.)

• • • so far, recently, lately, up to present, up to this moment, in/ for/ during/ over + the past/ last + thòi gian: có thể đứng đầu hoặc cuối câu.

Ví dụ:

➢ I have seen this film recently. (Tôi xem bộ phim này gần đây.)

1. VOCABULARY - TỪ VỰNG

1. EXERCISES - BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH

PART 1. PHONETICS

1. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined. Read the words aloud
   1. A. volunteer B. committee C. guarantee D. degree
   2. A. chemistry B. chemical C. charity D. mechanic
   3. A. architect B. church C. childhood D. change
   4. A. collage B. cave C. cycle D. cancel
   5. A. child B. provide C. mind D. think
2. Put the words in the box into two groups

PART 2: VOCABULARY & GRAMMAR

1. Find one odd word A, B, C or D.

1. A. donate B. blood C. money D. waste
2. A. homeless B. disabled C. elderly D. people
3. A. homework B. blood C. student D. tutor
4. A. graffiti B. draw C. painting D. collage
5. A. individual B. essential C. environmental D. industrial
6. Circle A, B, C or D for each picture.

1. Fill each blank with a word in the box.

• 1. It is the first time I have done the work.
  2. We have to this village to do volunteer work several times.
  3. On the way home I an old lady go across the road.
  4. We provided foods for the in the hospital last week.
  5. Up to now, my class has collected hundreds of old books and clothes for the poor children in areas.
  6. My friend opened the evening for the poor children.
  7. Youth volunteers regularly the streets and plant more trees.
  8. I blood for the first time almost a year ago.
  9. The storm was terrible. Many homes were destroyed and many people became

.

• 1. It’s good to donate blood because you can people’s lives.

1. Put the verb in brackets in the correct tense form.
   1. you (wash) the dishes yet?
   2. I (wash) the dishes yesterday, but I (have) no time yet to do it today.
   3. This is the first time I (ever /eat) this kind of food.
   4. Susan (go) to England by plane?
   5. The children (be/ not) at home last weekend.
   6. you (do) your homework yet?

- Yes, I (finish) it an hour ago.

• 1. I (not/ see) Peter since I (arrive) last Tuesday.
  2. The police (arrest) two people early this morning.

• 1. you (visit) the CN Tower when you stayed in Toronto?
  2. They (clean) the car. It looks new again.
  3. Columbus (arrive) in the New World in 1492.
  4. Last winter Robin (stay) with his father in the Alps for three days.
  5. I (lose) my keys, so I can't open that door.
  6. Nina (break) her leg. She is still in hospital.
  7. I (not/ see) Paul today, but I (see) him last Sunday.
  8. anyone (phone) yet?
  9. Three people (visit) him in hospital last Friday.
  10. How many games your team (win) so far this season?
  11. She (go) to Japan but now she (not/ come) back.
  12. They (visit) a farm two weeks ago.

PART 3: READING

1. Put a word from the box in each gap to complete the following passage.

My favourite hobby is (1) and I like so much (2) new plants and (3) them in daily morning. I enjoy seeing flowers (4) and plants

(5) . I really (6) sense of great achievements and realize the fact of life. It helps me keep (7) fit, (8) , strong and (9) . Watering plants and gardening on daily basis is a best (10) for me which positively moulds my mind and body.

On one hand, there are people who live their life richly. They are enjoying not only the joy of essentials but also the (1) living. On the other hand, there are people who cannot even (2) the basic requirements of living. They do not have (3) to live, food to eat, and clothes to wear. They have inadequate nutrition, higher risk of (4) and lack access to healthcare and basic essentials for living. They have to fight each day for life. helping the people is very essential. There are many ways to help the poor but I think the (5) way is providing education.

Providing knowledge can help the poor to (6) their feet. Education is beginning of getting out from hardships of life. Giving free education to the poor help them to grow as individuals and help them lead a (7) life. Education can help them to get a job, be employed build career and achieve success, capability of (8)

problems and lead a successful life. The poor can become (9) , self-

sufficient and better human being through the power of education. Through education, we can help the poor to develop their skills so that they can take over efforts to revitalize their life rather than always (10) on the outsiders to do so for them.

2. Read the text carefully and decide whether the statements are true (T) or false (F). Blood donation: The most valued service to mankind

Millions of people owe their lives to people whom they will never know or meet in their lifetime. They are none other than those people, who have donated their blood freely and without any reward - voluntary blood donors. Voluntary unpaid donors are the foundation of a safe blood supply which saves millions of human beings from the death.

Nothing is comparable to the preciousness of human blood. In spite of the rapid and remarkable conquests of medical science today, there is no laboratory that manufactures blood. It is only in human beings that human blood is made and circulated. For those who require blood for saving their lives, sharing from other people is the only means. Therefore, voluntary donation is the only way of accumulating blood at safe storage to meet emergency requirements for saving lives. Blood is required for treatment of accidental injuries, burns... In times of accidental injuries that shed huge amounts of blood and also in various types of surgical operations for medical treatments, we require blood for transfusion. Unavailability of blood may cost lives. Therefore, importance of blood donation is tremendous. This is the greatest gift one can give to the humans. Voluntary blood donors are saviors of mankind. If someone really loves oneself and other fellow beings, the only way to express it is to donate blood voluntarily. Blood donation is harmless and safe in the body. Rather, it is a social responsibility. The donor is donating for it as it will be used in saving lives of his fellow beings. He himself may use the same during his own need. So, today's donor may be tomorrow's recipient. Without their humane gifts of noble donors, that also from the heart, many lives might have lost for want of blood. Therefore, the most generous and biggest ever contribution to mankind is blood donation.

True (T) or False (F)?

1. Blood donation can save millions of human beings from the death.
2. A lot of laboratories manufacture blood.
3. Unavailability of blood may cost lives.
4. Blood donation is harmful to everybody.
5. Today's donor will able to be tomorrow's recipient.

PART 4: WRITING

1. Make sentences using the words and phrases given.
   1. Our / volunteer / in / communities / make / difference.

................................................................................................................................................

• 1. I / like / take / part / volunteer / work / because / I / think / it / useful / meaningful / society.

................................................................................................................................................

• 1. We / should / help / homeless / elderly / abandoned / children.

................................................................................................................................................

• 1. I / volunteer / for / five / years.

................................................................................................................................................

• 1. Last week / my class / volunteer / clean / streets.

................................................................................................................................................

• 1. I / feel / more / confident / after / participate / volunteer / work.

................................................................................................................................................

• 1. My brother / ever / donate / blood / three times / before.

................................................................................................................................................

• 1. Every year / we / collect / old / books / clothes / help / poor / children / mountainous areas.

................................................................................................................................................

1. Rewrite the sentences with the same meaning.
   1. This is the first time I have seen him.

→ I have never .......................................................................................................................

• 1. I started studying English 3 years ago.

→ I have .................................................................................................................................

• 1. I haven't seen him since I left school.

→ I last ...................................................................................................................................

• 1. It started raining two days ago.

→ It has ..................................................................................................................................

• 1. I have never seen such a beautiful girl before.

→ She is .................................................................................................................................

• 1. We have never had such a cold winter.

→ It is ....................................................................................................................................

• 1. The last time she kissed me was 5 months ago.

→ She hasn't ..........................................................................................................................

• 1. It is a long time since we last met.

→ We haven't .........................................................................................................................

• 1. When did you have it?

→ How long ......................................................................................................................... ?

• 1. She started driving 1 month ago.

→ She has .............................................................................................................................

1. Make sentences using the words and phrases given.
   1. ever/ you/ work/ volunteer/ done/ have/ ?

................................................................................................................................................

• 1. you/ volunteer/ do/ to/ become/ a/ want/ ?

................................................................................................................................................

• 1. for/ raise/ Ha Noi/ fund/ we/ poor children/ in/ homeless/.

................................................................................................................................................

• 1. children/ education/ we/ provide/ for/ disabled/.

................................................................................................................................................

• 1. the/ better/ world/ responsibility/ take/ volunteers/ of/ a/ making/.

................................................................................................................................................

• 1. do/ can/ you/ how/ we/ children/ elderly/ help/ think/ ?

................................................................................................................................................

UNIT 4: MUSIC AND ART

A. GRAMMAR - NGỮ PHÁP

I. COMPARISONS: (NOT) AS ... AS, THE SAME AS, DIFFERENT FROM

1. as... as và not as... as (so sánh ngang bằng và không ngang bằng)

1.1 Cấu trúc

S + V + as + adj +as + noun/pronoun

S + V + not + as + adj + as + noun/pronoun

1.2 Cách dùng

- Được dùng để so sánh 2 người, 2 vật có tính chất gì đó tương đương nhau.

Ví dụ

➢ I am as tall as my brother. (Tôi cao bằng anh trai tôi.)

Chú ý:

• Sau "as" thứ hai nhất thiết phải là đại từ nhân xưng chủ ngữ, không được là tân ngữ.
• Danh từ cũng có thể dùng so sánh trong trường hợp này nhưng đảm bảo danh từ đó phải có tính từ tương đương.
• Nếu là câu phủ định, "as" thứ nhất có thể thay bằng "so".
• Danh từ cũng được dùng để so sánh, nhưng trước khi so sánh thì cần xác định danh từ đó là đếm được hay không đếm được và sử dụng công thức so sánh sau:

➢ S + V + as + many/much/little/few + noun + as + noun/pronoun Ví dụ:

He earns as much money as his wife. (Anh ấy kiếm được nhiều tiền như cô vợ.)

2. Cấu trúc the same...as

So sánh ngang bằng cũng có thể được diễn đạt bằng cấu trúc

S + V + the same + (noun) + as + noun/ pronoun

Ví dụ:

➢ Your house is the same height as mine. (Nhà của bạn cao bằng nhà của tôi.)

3. Cấu trúc different from

Dùng để so sánh 2 người, vật,... khác nhau ở một mặt nào đó.

S1 + V + different from + S2

Ví dụ:

➢ Life in city is different from life in countryside. (Cuộc sống ở thành phố khác so với cuộc sống ở nông thôn.)

II. LỐI NÓI PHỤ HỌA

1. Phụ họa câu khẳng định

Khi muốn nói một người hoặc vật nào đó làm một việc gì đó và một người, vật khác cũng làm một việc tương tự, ta sử dụng lối nói phụ họa. Để tránh lặp lại các từ của câu trước, ta dùng liên từ and và thêm một câu đơn giản có sử dụng từ so hoặc too. Hai từ này mang nghĩa là "cũng thế". Cụ thể:

• • I am happy, and so are you.

= I am happy, and you are too.

(Tôi hạnh phúc và bạn cũng thế.)

• • They will work in the lab tomorrow, and you will too.

= They will work in the lab tomorrow, and so will you.

(Họ sẽ làm việc trong phòng thí nghiệm vào ngày mai và bạn cũng vậy.) ➢ Jane goes to that school, and my sister does too.

= Jane goes to that school, and so does my sister.

(Hoa học ở trường đó và chị gái của Hoa cũng thế.)

1. Phụ họa câu phủ định

Phụ họa câu phủ định cũng giống như phụ họa câu khẳng định, chỉ khác một điều là ta thay so, too bằng either và neither. Cụ thể:

Ví dụ:

• • She won't be going to the conference, and her friends won't either.

= She won't be going to the conference, and neither will her friends.

(Cô ấy sẽ không đến dự hội nghị và các bạn của cô ấy cũng thế.) ➢ Mai hasn't seen this film yet, and I haven't either.

= Mai hasn't seen this film yet, and neither have I.

(Mai chưa từng xem bộ phim này và tôi cũng thế.)

1. VOCABULARY - TỪ VỰNG

1. EXERCISES - BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH

PART 1. PHONETICS

1. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined. Read the words aloud.

• 1. A. chapter B. rich C. cheese D. chemist
  2. A. watches B. boxes C. buses D. tables

1. Put the words with the underlined part in the box into two groups.
   1. A. conclusion B. ensure C. rush D. mission
   2. A. student B. study C. dust D. must
   3. A. father B. date C. hard D. last
   4. A. chapter B. rich C. cheese D. chemist
   5. A. watches B. boxes C. buses D. tables

PART 2: VOCABULARY & GRAMMAR

1. Find one odd word A, B, C or D.
   1. A. volume B. mandolin C. harmonica D. saxophone
   2. A. singer B. actor C. artist D. teacher
   3. A. pop B. rock C. song D. opera
   4. A. music B. science C. film D. art 5. A. painting B. artist C. exhibition D. rapper
2. Match the musical instruments with the pictures.

1. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense form.
   1. His life (be) so boring. He just (watch) TV every night.
   2. I late for school yesterday (be).
   3. My father (be/ not) at the office the day before yesterday.
   4. Mr. and Mrs. James (come) back home and have lunch late last night?
   5. How you (get) there?
   6. John (study) hard in class, but I (not think) he'll pass.
   7. It (be) cloudy yesterday.
   8. Where your children (be) ?
   9. The telephone (ring) several times and then (stop) before I could answer it.
   10. The bank (close) at four o'clock.
   11. The little boy (spend) hours in his room making his toys.
   12. Jamie passed the exam because he (study) very hard.
   13. My mother (fry) eggs for breakfast every morning.
   14. Mozart (have) more than 600 pieces of music.
   15. My father (not watch) TV last night but I (do).
2. Fill each blank with a suitable word in the box.

• 1. William Shakespeare was widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English

.

• 1. Picasso was one of the greatest and most influential of the 20^th century.
  2. "Circus" is the song I love .
  3. My brother can play a variety of .
  4. Last week I came to see a of the farmer's lives.
  5. Piano is more than viola.
  6. Titanic is a movie by James Cameron.

• 1. It is his to become a musician.

PART 3: READING

1. Fill in the blank with a word/ phrase in the box.

Michael Jackson (born 1958) is truly a music (1) . He became a superstar at the age of eleven as a member of his family band The Jackson 5. His solo career (2) him the title "King of Pop". His studio albums have all become classics. Jackson is equally (3) for his high energy and complicated dance techniques such as the (4) . He died in 2009 at the age of 50.

Jackson dominated the (5) throughout the 1970s, 80s and 90s. His distinctive vocal style, rhythm and fashion were perfect for the new music video age. MTV enthusiastically (6) his videos to the world. His 'Thriller' video had all the excitement of a major movie release. Jackson became a true icon of pop culture and influenced dozens of today's top stars.

His awards and (7) are proof of the phenomenal success he achieved. He won World Music Award's Best-Selling Pop Male Artist of the Millennium, and was the American Music Award's Artist of the Century. 'Thriller' remains the (8) album of all time. 'Vanity Fair' magazine named him the "Most popular artist in the history of show business".

1. Read the passage, and then answer the questions.

The Old Man and the Sea is a short novel written by the American author Ernest Hemingway in 1951 in Bimini, Bahamas, and published in 1952. It was the last major work of fiction by Hemingway that was published during his lifetime. One of his most famous works, it tells the story of Santiago, an aging Cuban fisherman who struggles with a giant marlin far out in the Gulf Stream off the coast of Florida.

In 1953, The Old Man and the Sea was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction, and it was cited by the Nobel Committee as contributing to their awarding of the Nobel Prize in Literature to Hemingway in 1954.

• 1. Where was Ernest Hemingway from?

................................................................................................................................................

• 1. When was The Old Man and the Sea published?

................................................................................................................................................

• 1. What genre does The Old Man and the Sea belong to?

................................................................................................................................................

• 1. What is the content of The Old Man and the Sea?

................................................................................................................................................

• 1. When did Hemingway win the Nobel Prize in Literature?

................................................................................................................................................

PART 4: WRITING

1. Complete the sentences by using as...as; not...as; different ...from.
   1. Your house is my house. (far)
   2. The black car is the red one. (cheap)
   3. That dog it looks. (not dangerous)
   4. Vietnam coffee is Brazil coffee. (delicious)
   5. Many people think that history math. (not important)
   6. Opera is pop music. (different)
   7. French foods is Vietnam foods. (different)

• 1. This room is that room. (wide)

1. Make sentences using the words and phrases given.
   1. This/ painting/ is/ made/ traditional paper/ with/ natural colours.

................................................................................................................................................

• 1. Last week/ I / see/ interesting/ portraits/ art gallery.

................................................................................................................................................

• 1. Piano/ be / much/ heavy / than /other / instruments.

................................................................................................................................................

• 1. Which/ musical/ instrument/ you / have?

................................................................................................................................................

• 1. Who/ compose/ this/ song?

................................................................................................................................................

• 1. villagers/ be/ friendly/ they /be/ years/ ago.

................................................................................................................................................

• 1. This/ film/ not/ long /I /watch/ yesterday.

................................................................................................................................................

• 1. Classical/ music/ not/ interesting / rock music.

................................................................................................................................................

• 1. I/ never/ watch/ drama / my /mother/ either.

................................................................................................................................................

1. Complete the sentences by using too, so, neither and either.
   1. Teenagers like K-pop, and they like Korean foods . (too)
   2. He's not very good at painting walls, and she . (either)
   3. William doesn't work there, and John . (either)
   4. My wife can't play the trump, and her sister. (neither)
   5. Alice has finished her homework, and Mickey. (so)
   6. Trang does morning exercise, and her brother . (too)
   7. He is going to see that film, and we . (too)
   8. “Chèo” is considered a kind of traditional opera in Viet Nam, and "Cải lương"

. (too)

• 1. I don't know how to use a computer, and my best friend . (either)
  2. I haven't been to Africa, and my mother. (neither)
  3. Lan doesn't like rock music, and Huong. (neither)
  4. Cuong didn't know the answer to the teacher's question, and Mai .

(either)

• 1. They stayed at home last night, and their children . (too)
  2. They've been waiting, and she. (so)
  3. We'd like to watch the football match, and he . (too)

UNIT 5: VIETNAMESE FOOD AND DRINK

A. GRAMMAR - NGỮ PHÁP

I. COUNTABLE NOUN AND NON-COUNTABLE NOUN

1. COUNTABLE NOUNS (DANH TỪ ĐẾM ĐƯỢC)

Ví dụ: one horse, a man, three books, ten apples....

Chú ý:

Một số danh từ đếm được có hình thái số nhiều đặc biệt.

Ví dụ: person - people; child - children; tooth - teeth; foot - feet; mouse – mice ...

1. UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS (DANH TỪ KHÔNG ĐẾM ĐƯỢC)
   • Danh từ không đếm được là những từ chỉ những thứ mà ta không thể đếm được Đó có thể là những khái niệm trừu tượng hay những vật quá nhỏ, vô hình mà ta không thể đếm được (chất lỏng, bột, khí, v.v...).
   • Danh từ không đếm được dùng với động từ số ít. Chúng thường không có hình thức số nhiều.
   • Không sử dụng a/an với những danh từ này.

Ví dụ: tea: water, tea, coffee, milk, fruit juice, beer, wine, soup, butter, cheese, meat, bread, rice, sugar, salt, pepper, flour, help, homework, housework, information, news, music, work, advice, luck, peace, happiness, sadness, silence...

Chú ý:

 Để nhấn mạnh số lượng của một danh từ không đếm được, ta sử dụng: some, a lot of, much, a bit of, a great deal of,... hoặc sử dụng một phép đo chính xác như: a cup of, a bag of, 1kg of, 1L of, a handful of, a pinch of, an hour of, a day of...

Ví dụ:

a bit of news: một mẩu tin a grain of sand: một hạt cát a pot of jam: một hũ mứt a slice of bread: một lát bánh mì a loaf of bread: một ổ bánh mì a bowl of soup: một bát súp a cake of soap: một bánh xà phòng a litre of petrol: một lít xăng a sheet of paper: một tờ giấy a glass of beer: một ly bia a drop of oil: một giọt dầu a group of people: một nhóm người

a piece of advice: một lời khuyên

1. CÁC TRƯỜNG HỢP ĐẶC BIỆT
   • Một số danh từ đếm được có dạng số ít/ số nhiều như nhau, chỉ phân biệt bằng có "a/ an" và không có "a/ an":

Ví dụ: an aircraft/ aircraft; a sheep/ sheep; a fish/ fish...

• • Nhiều danh từ có thê’ dùng được như danh từ đếm được hoặc không đếm được. Thường thì về ý nghĩa chúng có sự khác nhau.

Ví dụ:

• • Danh từ "time" nếu dùng vói nghĩa là "thời gian" thì không đếm được nhưng khi dùng với nghĩa là "thời đại" hay "số lần" là danh từ đếm được.
  • I have no time to rest. (Tôi không có cả thời gian ddể nghỉ ngơi nữa.)
  • I have seen that movie three times before. (Trước đây tôi từng xem bộ phim này 3 lần rồi.)
  • Danh từ "work" nếu dùng vói nghĩa "công việc" thì không đếm được nhưng dùng với nghĩa tác phẩm thì lại là danh từ đếm được.
  • I have a lot of work to do today. (Hôm nay tôi có rất nhiều việc phải làm.)
  • Shakespeare' s works are very famous. (Những tác phẩm của Shakespeare thường rất nổi tiếng.)
  • Danh từ "paper" nếu dùng với nghĩa "giấy" thì không đếm được nhưng dùng với nghĩa "giấy tờ" gồm chứng minh thư, giấy phép lái xe ....) thì là danh từ đếm được.
  • Policeman asks him to show his papers. (Cảnh sát yêu cầu anh ta trình giấy tờ.)
  • Paper made by wood. (Giấy được làm từ gỗ.)
  • Danh từ "hair" nếu dùng với nghĩa là "tóc" thì không đếm được, nhưng dùng với nghĩa "sợi tóc" thì là danh từ đếm được.
  • She has a long and black hair. (Chị ấy có một mái tóc dài và đen.)
  • There are two hairs in my soup. (Có hai tợi tóc trong bát súp của tôi.)
  • Danh từ "room" nếu dùng với nghĩa là "phòng" thì đếm được, nhưng nếu dùng với nghĩa là "không gian" thì lại là danh từ không đếm được.
  • My house has six rooms. (Nhà của cô ấy có sáu phòng.)
  • There is no room in the car for her dog. (Xe ô tô không có chỗ nào cho con chó của cô ấy ngồi.)

1. HOW MUCH & HOW MANY (BAO NHIÊU)

Khi muốn hỏi về số lượng, ta dùng How much và How many

• 1. How many

"How many" được dùng khi ta muốn hỏi về số lượng của thứ gì đó, áp dụng cho danh từ đếm được. Trong trường hợp này, danh từ ở dạng số nhiều luôn nằm sau "How many".

How many + danh từ đếm được số nhiều + are there?

How many + danh từ đếm được số nhiều + trợ động từ + S + V?

Ví dụ:

• • How many days are there in November? (Tháng mười một có bao nhiêu ngày?)
  • How many books have you got? (Bạn có bao nhiêu quyển sách?) Chú ý:

Để trả lời cho câu hỏi How many ta sử dụng There is/ are:

Nếu có 1, ta trả lời: there is one...

Nếu có từ 2 trở lên ta trả lời: There are + số lượng + ....

• 1. How much

"How much" được dùng khi ta muốn hỏi về số lượng của danh từ không đếm được. Vì chủ thể của câu hỏi là danh từ không đếm được nên những sự vật này được đo đếm theo đơn vị như lít, kg, giờ, năm.

How much + danh từ không đếm được + is there?

How much + danh từ không đếm được + trợ động từ + S + V?

Ví dụ:

• • How much butter is there in the fridge? (Còn bao nhiêu bơ trong tủ lạnh?)

There is a little butter. (Chỉ còn một ít thôi.)

• • How much money did you save? (Bạn đã tiết kiệm được bao nhiêu tiền?)

I saved 100 millions. (Tôi đã tiết kiệm được 100 triệu.)

1. A, AN, SOME, ANY

1. a và an

❖ A và an được dùng cho danh từ số ít đếm được.

+ A đứng trước danh từ bắt đầu bằng 1 phụ âm (tính theo cách phát âm chứ không phải cách viết)

Ví dụ: a dog, a cat, a horse...

+ An đứng trước danh từ bắt dầu bằng 1 nguyên âm (tính theo cách phát âm chứ không phải cách viết)

Ví dụ: an hour, an apple, an umbrella...

2. some và any

• Some và any được dùng cho cả danh từ không đếm được và danh từ đếm được.
• Some được dùng trong câu:

+ Câu khẳng định:

Ví dụ:

• • There is some water in the bottle. (Có một ít nước ở trong chai đó.)
  • My father bought some books yesterday. (Bố tôi mua vài quyển sách ngày hôm qua.) + Câu hỏi diễn tả lời mời:

Ví dụ:

• • Would you like some coffee? (Bạn có muốn uống cà phê không?)
• Any được dùng trong câu:

+ Câu phủ định

Ví dụ:

• • There isn't any food left in the fridge. (Trong tủ lạnh không còn chút thức ăn nào cả.)

+ Câu hỏi thông thường Ví dụ:

• • Are there any chairs in the room? (Có chiếc ghế nào ở trong phòng không?)

1. VOCABULARY - TỪ VỰNG

1. EXERCISES - BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH

PART 1. PHONETICS

1. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined. Read the words aloud.
   1. A. apple B. candle C. eat D. breakfast
   2. A. diet B. fish C. dinner D. chicken
   3. A. sauce B. daughter C. cost D. port
   4. A. food B. noodles C. bamboo D. flood 5. A. talk B. water C. match D. caught
2. Put the words with the underlined part in the box into two groups.

PART 2: VOCABULARY & GRAMMAR

1. Find one odd word A, B, C or D.
   1. A. orange B. tea C. strawberry D. banana
   2. A. egg B. beef C. chicken D. salad
   3. A. coffee B. fruit juice C. pork D. beer
   4. A. cakes B. sweets C. chocolate D. milk 5. A. dinner B. meal C. breakfast D. lunch
2. Put the words or phrases about food and drink in the correct column.

1. Fill in each blank with the correct word: A /AN /SOME/ ANY.
   1. I'd like bowl of fried rice.
   2. My father planted trees in the garden yesterday.
   3. Do you have brothers or sisters?
   4. Would you like ice-cream?
   5. We have rice and port for lunch.
   6. Are there vegetables?
   7. He eats apple after his dinner.
   8. Would you like egg for breakfast?
   9. Can you bring me water, please?
   10. There aren't noodles.
   11. There are apples on the table.

• 1. Can I help you? Yes, I'm like wine, please.
  2. Are there tomatoes in the fridge?
  3. I have TV and computer.
  4. Would you like cup of tea?
  5. Thank you. And box of chocolates would be fine.
  6. Are there potatoes in the basket?
  7. I buy some fruit, but I don't buy vegetables.
  8. Children have rice, but they don't have meat.
  9. I don't have free time today.

1. Fill in the blanks with "How much" or "How many".
   1. homework do you do a day?
   2. languages can your father speak?
   3. words are there in this dictionary?
   4. soda is there in the fridge?
   5. days off do you have in a week?
   6. paintings are there in the exhibition?
   7. dishes are there at the party?
   8. kilos of rice do you want?
   9. petrol is there in your car?
   10. people are there in the conference?
   11. brothers and sisters do you have?
   12. hours do you sleep in a day?
2. Supply the correct verb form.
   1. How many subjects you (learn) last year?
   2. Wait for me a minute. I (have) breakfast.
   3. there any butter in the refrigerator?
   4. This is the most delicious dish I (ever/ eat) .
   5. Noodle (be) very popular in all regions of Vietnam.
   6. How much money you (save) last year?
   7. Last week, my dad (buy) a lot of candy for my birthday party.
   8. This morning my dad (not/drink) tea as usual.
   9. How many bottles of oil your family (need) in a month?
   10. I (never/ enjoy) Bun Bo Hue before.

PART 3: READING

1. Fill in the blank with a word/ phrase in the box.

The main features of Vietnamese Cuisine

Cuisine in the country with more than 90,000,000 people differs strikingly between the north, south and central regions, but two key (1) stand out.

Firstly, (2) plays an essential role in the nation’s diet as it does throughout Southeast Asia. Humorous speaking Vietnamese is noodle-crazy. You have seen regularly the (3) of noodle in their breakfast, lunch and dinner, in homes, restaurants and at roadside stands. Noodles are eaten wet and dry, in soup or beside soup, and are made in different shapes and thicknesses of wheat, rice and mung beans such as bun cha, Cao Lau, Hue beef noodle, bun rieu... Rice also a main (4) for making banh chung, banh bao, banh xeo, banh beo, xoi...

Secondly, no meal is complete without fresh vegetables and (5) . Thanks to the tropical climate, fresh vegetables are (6) all the year round. As the result, dishes with fresh vegetable become (7) with every family, especially with poor people in the old days. Some popular dishes are canh, goi ngo sen, nom du du, rau muong, ca phao...Vietnam can also be considered as a tropical paradise of (8) and beverage with che, sugarcane, fruit smoothies, bubble tea...

2. Read the passage and then decide whether the statements are true (T) or false (F). Green tea

Green tea must always be the first to be mentioned whenever one talks about Vietnamese tea. From the middle of the 20th century, green tea has been planted extensively throughout the North and the Middle of Vietnam, gradually becoming a symbol of Vietnamese' everyday life, of the peaceful countryside regions.

Green tea is very amiable to Vietnam' soil and climate, as it can be found widely in not only plain but also highland areas, sometimes right in the family backyard's gardens. With the higher trunk and larger in size of leaves in comparison with other tea plants, green tea can be enjoyed fresh and there is no need to wilt or oxidize; people can enjoy it right after picking the leaves from the tree. Steeping and boiling the tea leaves in hot water, after fifteen minutes, your green tea is ready to be served. Vietnam has been always an agricultural country, since people in rural area earn a living mainly from farming. It is the keeping-cool characteristic that makes green tea a perfect beverage for hot summer days in the tropical land. Besides blowing out the heat from the inside, green tea also helps improving the body's resistance to infection. Unsurprisingly, green tea has been considered an indispensable part of Vietnamese farmers' ordinary life.

Nowadays, acknowledging about Vietnamese ardor for green tea and its positive affects on health, some shrewd producers have convert this folk beverage into canned drink, bringing green tea closer to urban citizens as well as foreigners.

1. From the middle of the 20th century, green tea has been planted extensively throughout the South of Vietnam.
2. Vietnam's climate is favorable for growth of green tea.
3. Green tea is good for people health.
4. Nowadays, some producers have converted this folk beverage into canned drink.
5. Green tea is very expensive so only the rich can buy it.

PART 4: WRITING 1. Make sentences using the words and phrases given.

1. There /be / meat/ and/ sugar/ your/ diet.

................................................................................................................................................

1. I / be/ very/ thirsty/ and/ I / need/ water.

................................................................................................................................................

1. My father/ like/ eat/ fish/ than/ eat/ meat.

................................................................................................................................................

1. Many/ foreigners/ like/ eat/ Vietnamese food/ because / it/very/ strange/ interesting.

................................................................................................................................................

1. Banh Chung/ be/ Vietnamese/ traditional/ dish/ that /must/ part / Tet meals.

................................................................................................................................................

1. How much/ fruits/ vegetables/ you / eat/ a / day?

................................................................................................................................................

1. Can/ you/ tell/ me / how/ cook/ beef/ noodle?

................................................................................................................................................

1. What/ your/ favorite/ dish/ breakfast?

................................................................................................................................................

1. Do/ you/ want/ try/ chicken soup/ I/ cook.

................................................................................................................................................

1. There/ not/ something/ left/ dinner/ so/ I/ have to/ eat/ restaurant.

................................................................................................................................................

1. Snack/ be/ small/ meal/ you/ eat/ when/ hungry.

................................................................................................................................................

1. How much/ water/ should/ I/ pour/ pot?

................................................................................................................................................

1. I/ be/ afraid/ there/ not/ sugar/ left/ refrigerator.

................................................................................................................................................

1. main/ ingredient/ use/ Vietnamese food/ be/ rice/ fish sauce/ vegetables.

................................................................................................................................................

1. Many /main/ dish/ and/ snacks/ Vietnam/ be/ made/ from/ rice.

................................................................................................................................................

UNIT 6: THE FIRST UNIVERSITY IN VIET NAM

A. GRAMMAR - NGỮ PHÁP

I. PASSIVE VOICE (CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG)

1. PHÂN BIỆT CÂU CHỦ ĐỘNG VÀ CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG

1.1 Câu chủ động

 Câu chủ động là câu có chủ ngữ là người hoặc vật gây ra hành dộng.

Ví dụ:

➢ My father waters this flower every morning. (Sáng nào bố tôi cũng tưới nước cho cây hoa này.)

• Dạng thức thông thường của câu chủ động:

S + V + O

Trong đó:

S (subject): chủ ngữ

V (verb): động từ O (object): tân ngữ

1.2 Câu bị động:

• Câu bị động được sử dụng khi bản thân chủ thể không tự thực hiện được hành động.

Ví dụ:

➢ My money was stolen yesterday. (Tiền của tôi bị trộm mất ngày hôm qua.)

Ta thấy chủ thể là "tiền của tôi" không thể tự "trộm" được mà bị một ai đó "trộm" nên câu này ta cần sử dụng câu bị động.

 Dạng thức của câu bị động: S + be + V_pII

Trong đó:

be: động từ "to be"

V_pII: động từ phân từ hai

1. Cấu trúc biến đổi từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động

Cấu trúc

Điều kiện để có thể biến đổi 1 câu từ chủ dộng thành bị động:

− Trong câu chủ động phải là Transitive Verb (Ngoại động từ: đòi hỏi có O (tân ngữ) theo sau)

− Các O (trực tiếp, gián tiếp) phải được nêu rõ ràng

Quy tắc:

Khi biến đổi 1 câu từ chủ động sang bị động, ta làm theo các bước sau:

• • Xác định S, V, O và thì của V trong câu chủ động.
  • Lấy O trong câu chủ động làm S của câu bị động.
  • Lấy S trong câu chủ động làm O và đặt sau by trong câu bị động.
  • Biến đổi V chính trong câu chủ động thành PP2 (Past Participle) trong câu bị động.
  • Thêm Tobe vào trước PP2 trong câu bị động (To be phải chia theo thời của V chính trong câu chủ động và chia theo số của S trong câu bị động).

Chú ý:

• 1. Trong câu bị động by + O luôn đứng sau adverbs of place (trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn) I và dứng trước adverbs of time (trạng từ chỉ thời gian).

Ví dụ:

• • The chair was broken by my brother yesterday. (Chiếc ghế bị anh trai tôi làm vỡ ngày hôm qua.)
  • The dog was found in the forest by my mum. (Con chó được mẹ tôi tìm thấy ở trong rừng.)
  1. Trong câu bị động, có thể bỏ: by people, by us, by them, by someone, by him, by her... nếu chỉ đối tượng không xác định.
  2. Nếu tân ngữ trong câu bị động chỉ sự vật, sự việc thì nguời ta dùng giới từ "with" thay vì dùng "by" trước S.

Ví dụ:

• • Smoke filled the room. (Khói thuốc tràn ngập căn phòng.)
  • The room was filled with smoke. (Căn phòng đầy khói thuốc.)
  1. Nếu câu chủ động có 2 tân ngữ trong đó thường có 1 tân ngữ chỉ người và 1 tân ngữ chỉ vật) như give, show, tell, ask, teach, send... muốn nhấn mạnh vào tân ngữ nào người ta đưa tân ngữ đó lên làm chủ ngữ của câu bị động. Do đó, ta có thể viết được 2 câu bị động bằng cách lần lượt lấy O₁ và O₂ của câu chủ động ban đầu làm chủ ngữ để mở đầu các câu bị động.

Ví dụ:

➢ I gave him a book. (Tôi đưa anh ấy một quyển sách.)

→ He was given a book (by me). (Anh ấy được đưa cho 1 quyển sách (bởi tôi).) Or A book was given to him (by me). (Quyển sách dược đưa cho anh ấy (bởi tôi).)

• 1. Nếu động từ trong câu chủ động có giới từ đi kèm thì ta đặt giới từ đó ngay sau V trong câu bị động.

Ví dụ:

• • Someone broke into our house. (Ai đó đã đột nhập vào nhà của chúng ta.)
  • Our house was broken into. (Nhà của chúng ta đã bị đột nhập.)

1. Cấu trúc câu bị động với các thì trong tiếng Anh

II. CÁCH SỬ DỤNG CỦA "WOULD LIKE"

Would like được dùng diễn đạt một lời mời, ý muốn, sở thích.  Thể khẳng định:



(Wh ) + would + S + like?

Lưu ý:

would like = 'd like would not like = wouldn't like

Động từ đi sau would like luôn ở dạng "to V" Ví dụ:

• Would you tike to dance with me?

(Em nhảy cùng anh nhé?)

• I would like to be a billionaire.

(Tôi muốn trở thành tỉ phú.) ➢ Would you like some more coffee?

(Anh có muốn dùng thêm cà phê không?)

Trả lời lịch sự: No, thanks/ No, I don't want any more. (Không cám ơn./ Không, tôi không dùng nữa đâu.)

Trả lời khiếm nhã: I wouldn't like. (Tôi không thích.)

1. VOCABULARY - TỪ VỰNG

1. EXERCISES - BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH

PART 1. PHONETICS

1. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined. Read the words aloud.
   1. A. high B. history C. honest D. house
   2. A. chapter B. chemist C. cheese D. lunch
   3. A. earth B. heart C. heard D. learn
   4. A. watches B. buses C. boxes D. months
   5. A. tool B. tooth C. door D. boot
2. Put the words with the underlined part in the box into two groups.

age cheese strange literature gymnastic temperature subject question cherish enjoy church cheap college cheer village catch schedule concerto sausage chimney

danger much ginseng culture soldier

PART 2: VOCABULARY & GRAMMAR

1. Find one odd word A, B, C or D.
   1. A. temple B. pagoda C. communal house D. hostel
   2. A. teacher B. lecturer C. professor D. doctor
   3. A. form B. find C. found D. establish
   4. A. dormitory B. college C. university D. secondary school
   5. A. learn B. study C. teach D. lie
2. Match the prepositions with the right pictures.

1. Match the correct places and names with pictures.

1. Supply the correct verb forms.
2. After class, one of the students always (erase) the chalk board.
3. People (spend) a lot of money on advertising everyday.
4. The phonograph (invent) by Thomas Edison in 1877.
5. For the past years, my mother (do) all my washing by hand.
6. No one (believe) his story.
7. The women in most countries in the world (give) the right to vote.
8. People (think) that Jack London's life and writing's (represent) the American love of adventure.
9. How many marks (give) to you by the teacher?
10. The detective (see) the woman (put) the jewelry in her bag.
11. Drivers (advise) to use an alternative route by police.
12. The window (break) and some pictures (take) away by the boys.
13. My father (write) the book many years ago.
14. He (show) his ticket to the airline agent.
15. The human life (completely/ change) with science and technology.
16. People (speak) English all over the world.
17. My brother (eat) a loaf of bread every morning.
18. How many languages (speak) in India?
19. The accident (cause) in this city by some drunk drivers.
20. How long they (wait) for the doctor?
21. The doctor (order) him (take) a long rest.

PART 3: READING

1. Fill in the blank with a word/ phrase in the box.

The Temple of Literature is about 10 minutes away from Hoan Kiem lake. It was (1) in 1070 under Ly Thanh Tong's dynasty, first to honor Confucius and nowadays to (2) the doctorates and high rank scholars of Vietnam. In 1076, King Ly Nhan Tong continued the work and built Quoc Tu Giam as the first (3) of Vietnam.

The temple is (4) into five court yard, each with its own significance and history. The first courtyard stretches from the main gate to Dai Trung gate; the second stands out with Khue Van Cac (5) . If you notice well, you will find the pavilion symbol on all street signs of Hanoi. The third (6) is where doctor names was listed on a tombstone above tortoise backs. The fourth courtyard is dedicated for Confucius and his 72 honoured students, as well as Chu Van An - a famous (7) known for his devotion to teaching. The last and also furthest courtyard is Thai Hoc house, which used to be Quoc Tu Giam - the first university of Vietnam. Thai Hoc house holds a small collection of old time costumes for students and mandarins, as well as explaining the process of taking and passing the national (8) .

1. Read the passage and then answer the questions.

The organization of instruction and learning at the Imperial Academy began in 1076 under the Ly dynasty and was further developed in the 15th century under the Le dynasty. The academy was headed by a rector (Tế tửu) and a vice-rector (Tư nghiệp). The professors of the academy held different titles; Giáo thụ, Trực giảng, Trọ giáo and Bác sĩ.

Many students lived and studied at the Temple. Most students (Giám sinh) had passed the regional exam (Huong Examination - Thi Hương) before enrolling at the academy. During the course of study at the academy, the students focused on discussion of literature and wrote poetry as well. The students learned Chinese, Chinese philosophy, and Chinese history. They had textbooks printed on paper which were in both Chinese and Vietnamese.

The students enrolled for three to seven years. They had minor tests each month and four major tests per year. Success in the exams, certified by the Ministry of Rites qualified them to sit the national exam (Hoi Examination - Thi Hội). Success at the Hội Examination qualified the student to sit the royal exam, the Dinh Examination (Thi Đình), held at court. At this exam, the monarch himself posed the questions, responded to the candidate's answer and then ranked those who passed into different grades. The Imperial Academy was the largest centre in the country.

• 1. When did the instruction and learning at the Imperial Academy begin?

................................................................................................................................................

• 1. Who headed the Imperial Academy?

................................................................................................................................................

• 1. What did the students learn?

................................................................................................................................................

• 1. How long did the students learn?

................................................................................................................................................

• 1. How many major tests were there at the Imperial Academy in a year? ................................................................................................................................................
  2. Who posed the questions at the Dinh Examination?

................................................................................................................................................

PART 4: WRITING

1. Turn these sentences into passive voice.
   1. The shopkeeper inside the Temple of Literature sold to you the souvenirs and postcards at a higher price.

................................................................................................................................................

• 1. Famous lecturers and tutors teach the students in the university.

................................................................................................................................................

• 1. They choose my father the head master of Chu Van An Lower Secondary School.

................................................................................................................................................

• 1. The gardeners of the Temple of Literature take care of the trees and flowers.

................................................................................................................................................

• 1. They sold all the tickets for the trip to the Temple of Literature.

................................................................................................................................................

• 1. UNESCO regarded Ha Long Bay as a World Heritage Site in 1994.

................................................................................................................................................

• 1. People regard Oxford University as one of the best universities in the UK.

................................................................................................................................................

• 1. People regarded The imperial Academy as the first university in Viet Nam.

................................................................................................................................................

• 1. King Le Thanh Tong erected The Doctors' stone tablets.

................................................................................................................................................

1. Turn these sentences into active voice.
   1. The Imperial Academy was constructed under Emperor Ly Thanh Tong.

................................................................................................................................................

• 1. The Temple of Literature was found in 1070.

................................................................................................................................................

• 1. Khue Van pavilion is regarded as the symbol of Ha Noi.

................................................................................................................................................

• 1. Lots of souvenirs inside the Temple of Literature are sold.

................................................................................................................................................

• 1. The Temple of Literature is considered as one of the most important cultural and historic places/ in Viet Nam.

...........................................................................................................................................

• 1. Many precious relics are displayed in the Temple of Literature.

................................................................................................................................................

• 1. The Temple of Literature is located in the centre of Ha Noi about 2 kilometres west of Hoan Kiem Lake.

...........................................................................................................................................

• 1. The Imperial Academy was used to educate young men for the country. ................................................................................................................................................
  2. Students at The Imperial Academy are selected from local examinations.

................................................................................................................................................

• 1. In 2010, the 82 Doctors' stone tablets were recognized as a memory of the World.

................................................................................................................................................

• 1. The first Doctors' stone tablets were erected in 1484.

................................................................................................................................................

• 1. The Temple of Literature is surrounded by old trees.

................................................................................................................................................

• 1. Minh Mang tomb was started constructing in 1842 and was complete three years later.

................................................................................................................................................

• 1. Papers at the Royal examinations in the past were passed by the King.

................................................................................................................................................

• 1. Chu Van An was invited to become the principal of the Imperial Academy by Emperor Tran Hien Tong.

..........................................................................................................................................

• 1. During that period, 2,323 doctors graduated from The Imperial Academy.

..........................................................................................................................................

UNIT 7: TRAFFIC

A. GRAMMAR - NGỮ PHÁP

I. IT INDICATING DISTANCE – It dùng để chỉ khoảng cách 1. Cấu trúc

2. Cách dùng

Chúng ta có thể sử dụng it như một Chủ ngữ để chỉ khoảng cách từ một địa điểm này đến một địa điểm khác.

Ví dụ:

o It is about 10 kilometers from my house to my school. (Nhà tôi cách trường tôi khoảng

10 km.) o How far is it from your home to your office? (Khoảng cách từ nhà bạn đến trường là bao xa?)

It is (about) 1500 meters. (Nó khoảng 1500 m.) o How far is it from Ho Chi Minh City to Vung Tau? (Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh cách

Vũng Tàu bao xa?)

It is not very far. (Không xa lắm)

3. Dấu hiệu nhận biết

Trong câu thường có một số đi kèm một đơn vị chỉ độ dài: a kilometer, 1000 meters, 500 miles, ...

Trong câu thường có tính từ chỉ khoảng cách: far, near,...

II. USED TO - Đã từng

1. Cấu trúc

2. Cách dùng chính

✓ Dùng để diễn tả một hành động đã từng được thực hiện trong quá khứ và đã chấm dứt. Ví dụ:

• I used to play basketball, but now I like playing video games. (Tôi đã từng chơi bóng rổ, nhưng bây giò tôi thích chơi điện tử.)
• He used to be a soccer player. (Anh ấy từng là một cầu thủ bóng đá - Chủ thể của hành động trên ở thời điểm hiện tại không còn là một cầu thủ bóng đá nữa.) ✓ Diễn tả một sự việc chưa từng xảy ra trong quá khứ.

Ví dụ:

• They didn't use to be best friends. (Họ chưa từng là bạn than của nhau - Hành động là bạn thân của nhau chưa từng xảy ra trong quá khứ, tuy nhiên chưa chắc đã không xảy ra trong hiện tại hoặc tương lai.)
• My father didn't use to buy a mobile phone for me, but in the future he will. (Bố của tôi chưa tùng mua cho tôi một chiếc di động nào cả, tuy nhiên trong tương lai có thể ông sẽ mua cho tôi.)

3. Dấu hiệu nhận biết

Trong câu thường có các động từ: used to, use to, didn't use to.

4. Lưu ý

✓ Trong câu hỏi hoặc trong câu phủ định, chữ "d" trong từ "used" sẽ bị bỏ đi.

Ví dụ:

• Did you used to play table tennis when you were a child? (Cậu đã từng chơi bóng bàn khi còn nhỏ chưa?)
• Did you used to walk to school? (Cậu đã từng đi bộ đến trường chưa?)

No, I didn't. I only went to school by car. (Không, tôi chỉ đến trường bằng ôtô.)

• I didn't used to play table tennis when I was a child. I used to play soccer and go swimming. (Tôi chưa từng chơi bóng bàn khi còn nhỏ. Tôi từng chơi bóng đá và đi bơi.)
• He didn't used to be a good student, but now he has a good job and can earn a lot of money. (Anh ấy chưa từng là một học sinh giỏi, nhưng bây giờ anh ấy tìm được một công việc tốt và có thể kiếm được rất nhiều tiền.)

1. VOCABULARY - TỪ VỰNG

1. EXERCISES - BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH

PART 1. PHONETICS

1. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined. Read the words aloud.
   1. A. wet B. met C. head D. hand
   2. A. girl B. burn C. turn D. pearl
   3. A. left B. debt C. fan D. dead
   4. A. train B. tale C. mine D. rain
   5. A. die B. bicycle C. high D. min
   6. A. meet B. feed C. speed D. fit
   7. A. limit B. lipid C. treat D. hit
   8. A. curve B. term C. gear D. herm
   9. A. truck B. drunk C. mug D. dark
   10. A. sign B. light C. bye D. tin
2. Put the words with the underlined part in the box into two groups.

1. Label the signs with the words/phrases below.

PART 2: VOCABULARY & GRAMMAR

1. Circle A, B, C or D for each picture.

1. Find one odd word A, B, C or D.
   1. A. train B. plane C. plant D. car
   2. A. left B. right C. straight D. square
   3. A. green B. red C. orange D. light
   4. A. drive B. write C. ride D. fly
   5. A. fast B. rapid C. slow D. quick
2. Put questions for the underlined parts in the following sentences, using question words in brackets.
   1. Nam usually goes to school by bus. Sometimes, he rides his bicycle. (How)

________________________________________________________________________

• 1. My grandfather used to go fishing in the West Lake every afternoon. (What)

________________________________________________________________________

• 1. There are a lot of trucks and cars on the highway in the rush hour. (Where)

________________________________________________________________________

• 1. The students used to be taught about road signs when they studied in secondary school. (What)

_____________________________________________________________________ 5. Hung always drives his car very carefully. (How)

________________________________________________________________________ 6. It is about 100 km from Ha Noi to Hai Phong. (How long)

________________________________________________________________________

1. Fill each blank with suitable words in the box.

• 1. Mai driving her car to her office.
  2. How far it from your home to your school?

• 1. You will get stuck in a traffic if you go outside in the rush hour?
  2. He usually on foot to school when he was a child.
  3. you in hurry?
  4. Did you go swimming on the lake near your house, Tuan?
  5. Lana comes USA. She was born in a well-known family.
  6. My dad the bus to work every morning, but Mom drives.
  7. John used to immigrate Brazil. Have you ever been there?
  8. I participating in a volunteer trip to Lang Son. A lot of families are living in poor conditions.
  9. is not very far from here to the warehouse.
  10. I must go to railway to catch a train to my motherland.

1. Complete the following conversation with the sentences A-F. Burt: Why didn't you show up for class this morning?

Kevin: I don't even want to talk about it. .

Burt: ?

Kevin: The engine seems to be busted. !

Burt: Wow. Have you thought about getting a new car?

Kevin: Yeah, I've thought about that, .

I'm broke.

Burt: Maybe you can lease a car. .

I know Toyota is running a promotion.

Kevin: Really? How much is it?

Burt : .

Kevin: That's a good deal. I might want to consider it.

1. Give the correct form of the words in brackets.

Traffic jam (to be) a common sight in big cities like Delhi, Mumbai, Calcutta etc. This is due to (increase) population of the metropolitan cities. People from far off places rush towards big cities to (earn) as big cities (have) many options and possibilities for them. Then there are permanent citizens also. So with the human traffic, vehicular traffic also increases. As the standard of living is (become) high everyone wants to (purchase) his own car.

PART 3: READING

1. Fill in the blank with a word/ phrase in the box.

Traffic congestion in many (1) around the world is severe. One possible solution to this (2) is to impose heavy taxes on car drivers and use this money to make public transport better. One of the first benefits of such a measure is that the heavy taxes would (3) car owners from using their cars because it would become very (4) to drive. This would mean that they would begin to make use of public (5) instead, thus reducing traffic problems and (6) as well. Another benefit would be that much more use would be made of public transport if it was improved. It is often the case that public transport in cities is very poor. For (7) , we often see old buses and (8) that people would rather not use. High taxes would generate enough money to make the necessary changes.

1. Read the passage and answer the questions.

The first traffic control device appeared near the British House of Parliament at the intersection of George and Bridge Streets. The device was made in response to the desire by a Select Committee to use railway signals on highways. The device had lights and it used arms which extended outwards. It was operated manually by a police officer. The signal was 22 feet high and crowned with a gas light. The light was called semaphore and had arms that would extend horizontally that commanded drivers to "Stop" and then the arms would lower to a 45 degrees angle to tell drivers to proceed with "Caution". At night a red light would command "Stop" and a green light would mean use "Caution". The man behind this new and different invention was John Peake Knight a railroad engineer. The main reason for the traffic light was that there was an overflow of horse-drawn traffic over Westminster Bridge which forced thousands of pedestrians to walk next to the house of Parliament. But Knight's invention was not to last long. After only a month of use the device exploded and injured the police officer who was operating the light. In the first two decades of the 20th century semaphore traffic signals, like the one in London, were in use all over the United States with each state having its own design of the device. One good example was from Toledo, Ohio in 1908. The words "Stop" and "Go" were in white on a green background and the lights had red and green lenses illuminated by kerosene lamps for night travelers and the arms where eight feet above ground. Controlled by a traffic officer who would blow a whistle before changing the commands on this signal to help alert travelers of the change, the design was also used in Philadelphia and Detroit. The example in Ohio was the first time America tried to use a more visible form of traffic control that evolved the use of semaphore. The device that was used in Ohio was designed based on the use of railroad signals.

• 1. What was the main purpose of making the first traffic control device?

................................................................................................................................................

• 1. What was the light operated manually by a police officer called?

................................................................................................................................................

• 1. Why wasn't John Peake Knight's invention to last long?

................................................................................................................................................

• 1. How tall were the arms of the traffic lights used in Ohio in 1908?

................................................................................................................................................

• 1. The Westminster Bridge is in .

A. America B. England C. Brazil D. Canada

1. Read the passage and put a suitable word in each of the gaps.

Traffic jams in Vietnam only frequently take in Hanoi capital and Ho Chi Minh City. Vietnamese people seem to be accustomed to traffic congestion, even miss it whenever they go to other places. There is no fixed rule for the the traffic jams to happen but is worst during the rush hour when everyone is in a hurry to get to work or come back home. Apart from peak hours, the time between 9 am and 10 am and between 3 pm and 4 pm also witnesses long lines of vehicles, mainly motorbikes, struggling to get of narrow streets.

Whenever it rains, the traffic jam gets more terrible with the joining hand of flooding. Taxis are extremely hard to or wave during the downpour. However, it only

about 30 minutes on average for a standstill and 2 hours to get through the worst, not really bad compared to that of other countries. While the rapid increase in car use coupled with the deterioration of roads caused by disordered planning make the matter worse, the most annoying thing about the traffic jam the way people react when being at

the congestion. Most road users ride their motorbikes on the pavement rather than waiting calmly, or they constantly use their horns to hasten riders in the front, even shouting at them from time to time. More luckily, bicyclists can leisurely carry their "war-horses" on their backs and thread their way through messy matrixes.

PART 4: WRITING 1. Make sentences using the words and phrases given.

1. Mr Thanh/ didn't/ to/ travel/ Korea.

................................................................................................................................................

1. It/ 250 km/ Ho Chi Minh City/ Da Nang.

................................................................................................................................................

1. My hometown/ used to/ small village.

................................................................................................................................................

1. How/ it/ Ha Noi/ Singapore/ past?

................................................................................................................................................

1. Lana/ use to/ on foot/ school/ or/ car?

................................................................................................................................................

1. He/ used/ good/ student/ but/ now/ poor.

................................................................................................................................................

________________________________________________________________________

2. Rewrite the following sentences so that their meaning stays the same, using the word given for each.

UNIT 8: FILMS

A. GRAMMAR - NGỮ PHÁP

I. ALTHOUGH, DESPITE/ IN SPITE OF- Mặc dù

1. Cấu trúc

2. Cách dùng

Chúng ta sử dụng although, despite/ in spite of để diễn tả sự đối lập của hai sự việc hiện tượng trong cùng một câu.

Ví dụ:

• Although he is so young, he performs excellently. (Mặc dù anh ấy rất trẻ, nhưng anh ấy thể hiện rất xuất sắc - Có thể thấy mệnh đề 1 có sự đối lập với mệnh đề 2, tuổi tác trẻ đồng nghĩa với việc thiếu kinh nghiệm và có sự đối lập với việc thể hiện xuất sắc, yêu cầu nhiều kinh nghiệm.)
• Despite/ In spite of being so young, he performs excellently. (Mặc dù còn rất trẻ, nhưng anh ấy thể hiện rất xuất sắc - Có nghĩa tương tự như mệnh đề sử dụng Although, nhưng cấu trúc dạng despite/ in spite of chỉ đi với một cụm Danh từ đi ngay sau nó.)
• Despite/ In spite of his young age, he performs excellently. (Tương tự như trên, nhưng đi ngay sau despite/ in spite of là một Danh từ).

3. Dấu hiệu nhận biết

✓ Trong câu xuất hiện các trạng từ: although, though, even though, despite, in spite of... ✓ Trong câu chỉ xuất hiện phủ định ở một mệnh đề và không xuất hiện liên từ "but".

4. Lỗi thường hay gặp khi sử dụng cấu trúc although, despite/ in spite of

• Mặc dù có ý nghĩa giống nhau, nhưng cách sử dụng của although là khác so với despite/ in spite of. Chúng ta cần nhớ: ngay sau although (though/ even though) là một Clause, còn sau Despite/ In spite of thì bắt buộc phải là một N hoặc N phrase.
• Trong câu sử dụng cấu trúc although, despite/ in spite of không sử dụng liên từ but, cho dù dịch sang Tiếng Việt vẫn là Mặc dù..., nhưng...

II. HOWEVER, NEVERTHELESS - Tuy nhiên

1. Cấu trúc

• Clause 1. However/Nevertheless, Clause 2.
• Clause 1; however, Clause 2.

Ví dụ: o I am good at English. However, I study Math so bad.

o She used to live in Ha Noi. Nevertheless, she is living in New York now.

2. Cách dùng chính

✓ Dùng để diễn tả hai câu có nội dung đối lập nhau.

Ví dụ:

• John used to be a bully. However, he is the most humorous and generous guy in my company now. (John từng là một kẻ chuyên đi bắt nạt người khác. Tuy nhiên, anh ta

bây giờ là người vui tính và tốt bụng nhất trong công ty của tôi.)

• My family is poor. However, my parents always try to earn as much money as possible for my university education. (Gia đình của tôi là nghèo. Tuy nhiên, bố mẹ tối luôn cố gắng kiếm nhiều tiền nhất có thể để tôi có thể học đại học).
• My grandfather is a strict man. Nevertheless, he is the kindest person I have ever known. (Ông tôi là một ngưòi đàn ông nghiêm khắc. Tuy nhiên, ông là người tốt bụng nhất mà tôi từng biết đến.)
• I really love animals. Nevertheless, I only like raising loyal ones. (Tôi thực sự rất yêu quý động vật. Tuy nhiên tôi chỉ thích nuôi những con vật trung thành.)

3. Dấu hiệu nhận biết

• Trong câu xuất hiện các trạng từ sau: however, nevertheless ...
• Nghĩa của hai câu được đề cập là đối lập với nhau.

1. VOCABULARY - TỪ VỰNG

ˈ ɪə ə ề ả ạ ự

1. EXERCISES - BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH

PART 1. PHONETICS

1. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined. Read the words aloud.
   1. A. picked B. promised C. delivered D. clicked
   2. A. long B. boring C. shocked D. comedy
   3. A. jumped B. washed C. liked D. loved
   4. A. thread B. bread C. beam D. breath
   5. A. actor B. acting C. address D. action
   6. A. other B. among C. potato D. nothing
   7. A. thumb B. shoulder C. poultry D. slow
   8. A. thorough B. tomato C. drunk D. bus
   9. A. window B. drunk C. bowl D. grow 10. A. naked B. talked C. walked D. booked
2. Put the words with the underlined part in the box into three groups.

1. Give the names of the following films then read the words aloud.

PART 2: VOCABULARY & GRAMMAR

1. Match the film titles and their plots (1-6) with the film types (a-h).

a. an animation b. a western c. a horror film d. a biopic

e. a romantic comedy f. an action film g. a sci-fi h. a thriller

1. Find one odd word A, B, C or D.
   1. A. terrifying B. thrilling C. fascinating D. delicious
   2. A. fresh B. convincing C. believable D. interesting
   3. A. excellent B. interesting C. amusing D. bad-tempered
   4. A. fantastic B. wonderful C. brilliant D. lazy
   5. A. dramatic B. funny C. beautiful D. boring
2. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the adjectives in brackets.
3. It's an film and I'm every time I start watching it. (interest)
4. It was in the lesson because our teacher is in history. (bore)
5. My father is very with my Math examination because of the mark. (amaze)
6. My friend is a very sort of person, but he hates doing activities.

(relax)

1. Working all day is very . I get when I enter my factory. (tire)
2. We were all very about the school trip, but it wasn’t an trip at all.

(excite)

4. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the adjectives in the box.

1. I wish this book weren't so ; I keep falling asleep whenever I try to read it.
2. "Do you think football is ?"- "Oh, I don't think so. I find table tennis is a most suitable sport for myself."
3. I'm right now. Last night I had a terrible nightmare?
4. The film was . Nothing happened.
5. Thomas was very about his new bicycle as a birthday present. He had woken up at 5 a.m. and rode the bicycle around the street.
6. This is a very book about the history of the cinema. I'm learning a lot.

5. Complete the sentences, using words in the table. Sometimes, two answers are possible.

1. it was raining heavily; he went out without a raincoat.
2. I heard the telephone ring, I didn't answer it.
3. I like the outdoors. , I don't like bugs and dirt.
4. her fear, she wrapped her arms around him.
5. The sky was grey and cloudy. , we went to the beach.
6. Nevertheless, many and serious shortcomings, the long series of Depretis administrations was marked by the adoption of some useful measures.
7. We have not yet won; , we shall keep trying.
8. And yet, her feelings, any relationship with him was potentially dangerous.
9. the issue was not discussed, it was far from out of her mind.
10. all Kutuzov's efforts to avoid that ruinous encounter, the massacre of the broken mob of French soldiers by worn-out Russians continued at Krasnoe for three days.
11. It looks like they're going to succeed their present difficulties.
12. being able to bench press two of her, the men actually listened.
13. she had said the words "I love you," several times, he had not uttered them.
14. Deidre felt no pity for him, the circumstances.

6. Choose best answer A, B, or C to complete the sentences.

1. It stars Marlon Brandon as the Godfather. He won an Oscar for his as the boss.
   1. action B. performance C. direction
2. Shaun of the Dead is a . It's very funny, but it's also a horror film.
   1. cartoon B. comedy C. sci-fi
3. There's The Princess and the Frog. It's an film from Disney.
   1. ugly B. animated C. boring
4. The film was so boring. , Jack saw it from beginning to end.
   1. Therefore B. However C. Although
5. If you want to know which films are on at the cinemas, you should look at the film of this newspaper.
   1. section B. review C. report
6. I think I did OK in my speech last night I'd had almost no sleep for 24 hours.
   1. Although B. However C. Despite
7. My film this year was Zero Game, the latest thriller by director Xi Dong.
   1. hobby B. favorite C. love
8. I couldn't sleep, being tired.
   1. However B. Though C. In spite of

PART 3: READING

1. Fill in the blank with a word/ phrase in the box.

Titanic is a 1997 American epic (1) disaster film directed, written, co-produced, and co-

edited by James Cameron. A (2) account of the sinking of the RMS Titanic, it (3) Leonardo DiCaprio and Kate Winslet as members of different social classes who fall in love aboard the ship during its ill-fated maiden (4) .

Cameron's inspiration for the film came from his fascination with shipwrecks; he felt a love story interspersed with the human loss would be (5) to convey the emotional impact of the disaster. Production began in 1995, when Cameron shot footage of the actual Titanic wreck. The modern scenes on the research vessel were (6) on board the Akademik Mstislav Keldysh, which Cameron had used as a base when filming the wreck. Scale models, computer-generated (7) , and a reconstruction of the Titanic built at Playas de Rosarito in Baja California were (8) re-create the sinking. The film was partially funded by Paramount Pictures and 20^th Century Fox. It was the most expensive film made at that time, with an estimated budget of $200 million.

1. Read the passage and answer the questions.

Tom Cruise (born Thomas Cruise Mapother IV; July 3, 1962) is an American actor and filmmaker. Cruise has been nominated for three Academy Awards and has won three Golden Globe Awards. He started his career at age 19 in the 1981 film Endless Love. After portraying supporting roles in Taps (1981) and The Outsiders (1983), his first leading role was in the romantic comedy Risky Business, released in August 1983.

Cruise became a full-fledged movie star after starring as Pete "Maverick" Mitchell in the action drama Top Gun (1986). One of the biggest movie stars in Hollywood, Cruise starred in several more successful films in the 1980s, including the dramas The Color of Money (1986), Cocktail (1988), Rain Man (1988), and Born on the Fourth of July (1989).

In the 1990s, he starred in a number of hit films, including the romance Far and Away (1992), the drama A Few Good Men (1992), the legal thriller The Firm (1993), the romantic horror film Interview with the Vampire: The Vampire Chronicles (1994), the romantic comedydrama sports film Jerry Maguire (1996), the erotic thriller Eyes Wide Shut, and the drama Magnolia (both 1999). In 1996, Cruise was well known for his role as secret agent Ethan Hunt in the Mission: Impossible film series, whose most recent film, Mission: Impossible - Rogue Nation, was released in 2015.

• 1. What is the real name of Tom Cruise?

................................................................................................................................................

• 1. What was his first film as an actor?

................................................................................................................................................

• 1. What part did he play in Top Gun?

................................................................................................................................................

• 1. What is the type of Interview with the Vampire?

................................................................................................................................................

• 1. What is the latest film of Tom Cruise mentioned above?

................................................................................................................................................

1. Read the passage and put a suitable word in each of the gaps.

The advent of cinema in the late 19^th (1) , and later radio and television in the 20^th century broadened the access of comedians to the general public. Charlie Chaplin, through (2)

film, became one of the best known faces over the (3) . The silent tradition lived on well into the 20^th century through my artists like Marcel Marceau, and the physical comedy artists (4) Rowan Atkinson as Mr. Bean. The tradition of the circus clown also continued, with such as Bozo the Clown in the United States and Oleg Popov in Russia.

Radio provided new possibilities - with Britain producing the influential Goon Show after the Second World War. American cinema has produced a great (5) of globally renowned comedy artists, from Laurel and Hardy, the Three Stooges, Abbott and Costello, Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis, as well as Bob Hope during the mid-20th century, to performers like George Carlin, Robin Williams, and Eddie Murphy at the (6) of the century. Hollywood attracted many international talents like the British comics Peter Sellers, Dudley Moore and Sacha Baron Cohen, Canadian comics Dan Aykroyd, Jim Carrey, and Mike Myers, and the Australian comedian Paul Hogan, (7) for Crocodile Dundee. Other centers of creative comic activity have been the cinema of Hong Kong, Bollywood, and French farce.

American television has also been an influential force in world comedy: with American series like M*A*S*H, Seinfeld and The Simpsons achieving large followings around the world. British television comedy also remains influential with quintessential works including Fawlty Towers, Monty Python, Dad's Army, Blackadder, and The Office. Australian satirist Barry Humphries, whose comic creations include the housewife and "gigastar" Dame Edna Everage, for his delivery of Dadaist and absurdist humor to millions, was described by biographer Anne Pender in 2010 as not (8) "the most significant theatrical figure of our time ... [but] the most significant comedian to emerge since Charlie Chaplin".

PART 4: WRITING

1. Rearrange the words in the correct order to describe the films.
   1. The Island of Dr. Moreau place/ to/ a/ wants/ go/ where/ It’s/ no one.

................................................................................................................................................

• 1. Atlantis: The Lost Empire

Named Milo Thatch/ of Atlantis/ A team/ find/ a scientist/ of people/ the lost empire/ help.

................................................................................................................................................

• 1. Hurry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix a/ It's/ do/ boy/ about/ can/ magic/ who

................................................................................................................................................

• 1. Alien

a/ on/ about/ a/ lives/ monster/ spaceship/ It's/ which

................................................................................................................................................

• 1. The Incredibles are/ are/ who/ They/ all/ family/ superheroes/ a.

................................................................................................................................................

• 1. Spider-Man 2

a/ set/ USA/ science/ in/ fiction/ the/ It's/ film.

................................................................................................................................................

1. Read the information in the table about two actors from the UK, then write a short paragraph for each of them.

Brad Pitt was born ________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________ Angelina Jolie was born ____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

UNIT 9: FESTIVAL AROUND THE WORLD

A. GRAMMAR - NGỮ PHÁP

I. H/WH-QUESTIONS: Câu hỏi với các từ bắt đầu bằng H/Wh

1. Cấu trúc

Question word + auxiliary + subject + main verb + rest of question?

(Từ để hỏi + trợ động từ + chủ ngữ + động từ chính + phần còn lại?) Ví dụ:

When does she come home? (Khi nào thì cô ấy về nhà?) Hoặc: Question word + be + subject + rest of question?

(Từ để hỏi + động từ to be chia theo ngữ cảnh + chủ ngữ + phần còn lại?) Ví dụ:

What is your favorite food? (Món ăn ưa thích của bạn là gì?) Hoặc: Question word + main verb + rest of question?

(Từ để hỏi + động từ chính + phần còn lại?) Ví dụ:

Who owns this pencil? (Chiếc bút chì này là của ai?)

2. Cách dùng

3. Dấu hiệu nhận biết

• Ở đầu câu luôn xuất hiện các từ để hỏi sau: What, Who, When, Where, Why, Which, Whose, How.
• Trong văn nói: Lên giọng ở đầu câu và xuống giọng ở cuối câu.

4. Một số lưu ý trong dạng câu hỏi H/Wh ✓ Các cách viết tắt thường gặp:

Who is = Who's What will = What'll Ví dụ:

Who's celebrating the festival?

What'll they have in the festival?

II. ADVERBIAL PHRASES - Cụm trạng từ

1. Cấu trúc

• Cụm trạng từ có thể là danh từ, giới từ hoặc động từ nguyên mẫu.
• Cụm trạng từ có thể là một từ hoặc là một cụm từ có các thành phần bổ nghĩa.

Ví dụ:

After breakfast/ Before lunch

Usually/ Often/ Sometimes/ Barely

Late/ Very early/ On time

Here/ There/ Over there

In the funniest way/ Much funnier than usual Etc.

2. Cách dùng chính

• Cụm trạng từ có thể được dùng để trả lời cho các câu hỏi "How", “When", "Where", "Why".

Ví dụ

• Cụm trạng từ có thể đứng ở các vị trí khác nhau trong câu.

Ví dụ:

• In spring, people go to Dalat Flower Festival to enjoy beautiful flowers. (Vào mùa xuân, mọi người tham dự Lễ hội Hoa Đà Lạt để thưởng thức những bông hoa xinh đẹp)
• The parade and performance takes place after opening ceremony. (Màn diễu hành và biểu diễn diễn ra sau lễ khai mạc)
• People perform selected repertoires at several places around Xuan Huong Lake. (Người ta biểu diễn những tiết mục chọn lọc tại một vài địa điểm xung quanh Hồ Xuân Hương) 3. Dấu hiệu nhận biết

Cụm trạng từ trong câu là những từ hoặc cụm từ có chức năng như một trạng từ nhằm đưa thông tin về thời gian, địa điểm, cách thức... của một hành động.

1. VOCABULARY - TỪ VỰNG

1. EXERCISES - BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH

PART 1. PHONETICS

1. Find the word which has a different stress pattern from the other. Read the words aloud.
   1. A. harvest B. famous C. design D. festival
   2. A. holiday B. tradition C. vacation D. activity
   3. A. outdoor B. colorful C. celebration D. movement
   4. A. Monday B. flower C. occasion D. joyful
   5. A. tourist B. event C. special D. national
   6. A. music B. costume C. samba D. America
   7. A. concert B. countryside C. concern D. lantern
   8. A. surrounding B. manner C. stadium D. famous
   9. A. Carnival B. party C. season D. parade
   10. A. brighten B. Birthday C. delightful D. present
2. Put the following words below in the correct column according to their stress pattern.

PART 2: VOCABULARY & GRAMMAR

1. Give the names of the following then read the words aloud.

1. Find one odd word A, B, C or D.
   1. A. Tet holiday B. Easter C. Thanksgiving D. Monday
   2. A. tired B. joyful C. delightful D. happy
   3. A. sausage B. turkey C. beef steak D. Birthday cake
   4. A. candle B. lighting C. lantern D. moon
   5. A. sibling B. cousin C. friend D. relative
2. Make questions for the underlined parts in the following sentences, using the question words in the brackets.

A. Lunar New Year

1. New Year's Day is celebrated on the first day of the new year. (When)

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

1. In New Year's Eve, there are often fireworks at midnight. (What)

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

1. People celebrate New Year's Eve with fireworks at the stroke of midnight as the New Year starts. (How)

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

1. People often spend New Year with their family and relatives to remember and honor their ancestors. (Who)

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

1. Every family thoroughly deans the house to sweep away any ill-fortune and make way for good incoming luck. (Why)

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ B. Eid al-Adha (Festival of Sacrifice)

• 1. The festivities last for three days or more depending on the country. (How long)

___________________________________________________

• 1. The sacrificed animals must be at least a year old. (How old)

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 3. Eid al-Adha is celebrated by Muslims worldwide. (Who)

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

• 1. In the Islamic lunar calendar, Eid al-Adha falls on the 10th day of Dhu al-Hijjah and lasts for four days. (When and How long)

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

• 1. The Festival originated in the valley of Mecca (in present-day Saudi Arabia). (Where)

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

1. Underline adverbial phrases in following sentences.
   1. We first met when he became the manager of the bank.
   2. I sometimes call on my younger sister when I'm in London
   3. After we had eaten, we played cards
   4. Take a packed lunch with you, in case you get hungry.
   5. There was a power failure earlier today and the trains are all running late now.
   6. He behaved in such a silly way I was ashamed of him.
   7. We served drinks as soon as our friends arrived.
   8. Dad found his change between the couch cushions.
   9. To track my running speed, I use a stopwatch.
   10. Carter put wood in the fireplace to keep the cabin warm.
   11. Christina went to the grocery store.
   12. The carpenter hit the nail with a hammer.
2. Each question has a sentence with an underlined phrase. Identify what TYPE of adverb phrase this is, using definitions in the box.

• 1. Joe buys flowers for his wife every week.
  2. Elephants are found in Africa and India.
  3. I’ll meet you on Friday.
  4. We hardly ever use the microwave.
  5. I bought the glue to fix my broken lamp.
  6. The woman stared at me with an angry expression.
  7. Surfing is a popular sport in the summer.
  8. Janice placed the chair next to the window.

PART 3: READING

1. Fill in the blank with a word/ phrase in the box.

Mid-Autumn (Trung Thu) is the day when the moon is at its brightest in a year. In that spirit (1) , people in Vietnam as well as many Asian countries celebrate the Mid-Autumn's Festival. According to legends, this holiday is originated (2) in which an Emperor of Duong (Tang) Dynasty, Duong Minh Hoang, was taken to the moon by a wizard named La Cong Vien. (3) of his trip to the moon, the Emperor caught a glimpse of fairies in heaven celebrating the full moon. When Duong Minh Hoang was back to earth, he taught his citizens about the celebration and it became a custom lasting (4)

. Through times and times, Mid-Autumn's Festival (5) becomes

an event providing children with a rich diversity of delightful traditional games and entertaining activities, offering great helps in promoting education as well as culture.

1. Read the passage and answer the questions.

Together with Bai Dinh and Yen Tu Pagoda Festival, Huong Pagoda Festival is among the greatest Buddhist festival in northern part of Vietnam. Huong Pagoda is located in My Duc District, 70 kilometers away from Hanoi to the south. This festival lasts for three months from the first to the third month in Lunar Calendar. In fact, the official opening day for the festival is on the 6th day of the first Lunar month. As other festivals in Vietnam, Huong Pagoda Festival is also divided into two parts: The ceremonies and the entertaining activities. Ceremonial rituals consist of incense offering procession and Zen ceremony in which Monks and Buddhists offer incense, flowers, candles and fruits. During the ceremony, there are two monks performing beautiful and flexible dances. On the other hand, entertaining activities include enjoying boat cruise along Yen Stream for watching picturesque scenery, climbing mountain and exploring holy caves. It is believed that climbing up the top of Huong Tich Mountain will bring you fulfillment and great success in life.

• 1. Where do people celebrate Huong Pagoda Festival?

................................................................................................................................................

• 1. How long does the festival last?

................................................................................................................................................

• 1. Which part of the festival do people climb the mountain?

................................................................................................................................................

• 1. Why do people climb up the top of Huong Tich Mountain?

................................................................................................................................................

PART 4: WRITING

1. Arrange following phrases into a complete sentence.

1. Giong festival / different occasions / destinations / takes place in / depending on

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

1. Giong Festival / as an / of mankind / have been / intangible cultural heritage / recognized by UNESCO

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

1. Hung King / of the third Lunar month / is celebrated / Temple Festival / on the tenth day

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

1. Phu Tho / centuries ago / Province / where / the country / is a sacred land / Hung Kings established

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

1. Temple Festival / so on / in Hung King / traditional songs, chess playing, and / are/ Entertaining activities

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

1. Hung Kings - the country's founders / is to / worship / The purpose/ of this Festival

................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................

UNIT 10: SOURCES OF ENERGY

A. GRAMMAR - NGỮ PHÁP

I. THE FUTURE CONTINOUS: Thì tương lai tiếp diễn

1. Cấu trúc

(+) Subject + will be/ 'll be + V-ing

(Chủ ngữ + will be/'ll be + Động từ đuôi -ing) Ví dụ:

In ten months' time I will be walking in Paris. (Vào thời gian này 10 tháng nữa, tôi sẽ đang đi dạo trên đường phố Paris)

(-) Subject + will not be / won't be + V-ing

(Chủ ngữ + will not be / won’t be + Động từ đuôi -ing) Ví dụ:

I won't be going for a walk this time tomorrow. (Tôi sẽ không đi dạo bộ vào thời gian này ngày mai.)

(?) Will + Subject + be + V-ing?

(Will + chủ ngữ + be + Động từ đuôi -ing) Ví dụ:

Will you be using your bicycle this evening? (Tối nay bạn có định dùng xe đạp không?) 2.

Cách dùng

• Diễn tả hành động sẽ đang diễn ra tại một thời điểm xác định trong tương lai

Ví dụ:

At this time next week, I will be staying at my brother's house.

• Diễn tả một hành động đang diễn ra khi một hành động khác xen vào ở tương lai

Ví dụ:

Will she be cleaning the kitchen when I come home?

• Diễn tả một dự định đã được sắp đặt trong tương lai

Ví dụ:

My parents will be helping us to hold the wedding party.

• Diễn tả một hành động không dự định trước nhưng sẽ xảy ra như một thông lệ Ví dụ:

I will be seeing him tomorrow at school.

✓ Diễn tả một hành động sẽ xảy ra và kéo dài trong một khoảng thời gian nào đó ở tương lai

Ví dụ:

We will be riding our bicycle around Hoan Kiem Lake from 6a.m to 8a.m tomorrow.

3. Dấu hiệu nhận biết

• Trong câu thường xuất hiện các cụm từ sau: o at this time + thời gian trong tương lai: at midnight tonight... o at + giờ + danh từ chỉ thời gian trong tương lai: at 5 p.m tomorrow... o In ten years' time...
• Các trạng từ như: always, only, never, ever, still, just, v.v đặt trong thì tương lai.

Ví dụ:

Will you still be waiting for her when her plane arrives? I will always be missing you though we are for apart.

4. Một số lưu ý

• Phân biệt thì tương lai đơn (future present) và tương lai tiếp diễn (future continuous)

• Cách dùng thay thế

(+) Subject + am/is/are going to be + Ving (Chủ ngữ + am/is/are going to + Động từ đuôi -ing)

(-) Subject + am/is/are not going to be + Ving (Chủ ngữ + am/is/are not going to + Động từ đuôi -ing) (?) Am/Is/Are + Subject + going to be + Ving?

(Am/Is/Are + chủ ngữ + going to be + Động từ đuôi -ing)

Cách dùng này có thể dùng thay thế cho cách dùng truyền thống trong hầu hết mọi hoàn cảnh.

Ví dụ:

In ten months' time I am going to be walking in Paris.

I am not going to walk this time tomorrow.

Are you going to be using your bicycle this evening?

II. THE FUTURE SIMPLE PASSIVE - Câu bị động ở thì tương lai đơn

1. Cấu trúc

(+) Subject + will be + past participle (+ by + Object)

Chủ ngữ + will be + động từ dạng quá khứ phân từ 2 (+ by + Tân ngữ) Ví dụ:

The birds will eat those cookies.

• Those cookies will be eaten by the birds. (Chỗ bánh này sẽ bị lũ chim ăn hết)

(-) Subject + will not be + past participle (+ by + Object)

Chủ ngữ + will not be + động từ dạng quá khứ phân từ 2 (+ by + Tân ngữ) Ví dụ:

They won't kick me out of my own house.

• I won't be kicked out of my own house. (Tôi sẽ không bị đá ra khỏi ngôi nhà của chính mình)

(?) Will + Subject + be + past participle (+ by + Object)?

Will + Chủ ngữ + be + động từ dạng quá khứ phân từ 2 (+ by + Tân ngữ)?

Ví dụ:

Will the manager sign the contract tomorrow?

• Will the contract be signed by the manager tomorrow? (Quản lý sẽ ký hợp đồng vào ngày mai chứ?)

2. Cách dùng chính ✓ Câu bị động được sử dụng khi bản thân chủ thể không tự thực hiện được hành động.

Trong ngôn ngữ nói, người ta thường sử dụng bị động trong các trường hợp sau: ✓ Khi không biết chủ thể gây ra hành động là ai, hoặc chủ thể quá hiển nhiên.

Ví dụ:

The cave paintings of Lascaux were made in the Upper Old Stone Age. (Ta không biết ai là người tạo ra các bức vẽ này, chỉ biết được thời gian tạo ra chúng)

Up to 90% of the energy in light bulbs will be wasted in the form of heat by 2020. (Chủ thể của hành động này hiển nhiên là con người nên không cần nhắc đến)

• Khi chủ thể trong câu không quan trọng và ta muốn tập trung nhắc đến hành động.

Ví dụ:

A solar power plant will be built in the Australia desert. (Ta không quan tâm người xây dựng kế hoạch là ai.)

• Khi nói về một quy luật chung.

Ví dụ:

Rules are made to be broken. (Bất cứ khi nào, bởi bất cứ ai.)

• Nếu chủ thể của hành động vẫn quan trọng mà vẫn muốn dùng câu bị động, ta thêm "by + chủ thể" vào sau động từ để nhắc đến chủ thế đó.

Ví dụ:

The plants are well taken care of by my mother every day. (Muốn nhắc tới việc mẹ là người chăm sóc cây cối mỗi ngày)

• Điều kiện để chuyển được câu chủ động sang câu bị động
• Động từ trong câu chủ động phải là Transitive Verb (Ngoại động từ)
• Tân ngữ trong câu chủ động phải được nêu rõ ràng để có thể chuyển thành Chủ ngữ trong câu bị động.
• Khi muốn dùng câu bị động để nói tới hành động xảy ra tại một thời điểm xác định trong tương lai, ta dùng câu bị động ở thì tương lai đơn.

1. VOCABULARY - TỪ VỰNG

1. EXERCISES - BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH

PART 1. PHONETICS

1. Find the word which has a different stress pattern from the other. Read the words aloud.
   1. A. chemical B. footprint C. sustain D. necessary
   2. A. reduce B. battery C. hydro D. station
   3. A. adsorb B. efficient C. building D. pollute
   4. A. damage B. balance C. replace D. greenhouse
   5. A. generate B. landscape C. layer D. machine
   6. A. natural B. prevention C. habitat D. pressure
   7. A. scientist B. recycle C. survive D. resource
   8. A. solar B. violation C. temperature D. generator
   9. A. transportation B. conservation C. emission D. devastation
   10. A. useful B. alternate C. atmosphere D. communication
   11. A. panel B. every C. convenience D. power
   12. A. biogas B. renewable C. plentiful D. relative
   13. A. excellent B. amount C. alternative D. increase
2. Put the following words below in the correct column according to their stress pattern.

saving technique research influence vision island resolve restore vulnerable desert sunray national unique rescue material mountain interest remain improve resource available generate exhausted electric effective improvement

PART 2: VOCABULARY & GRAMMAR

1. Write the name of the following pictures then read the words aloud. Which of these actions shows big/small carbon footprint?

1. Look at the puzzle and find ten adjectives which can be used to describe an area. The word can go down, forward, or diagonally. An example has been made for you.

1. Write the name of the type of energy in each blank based on the characteristics.
   1. : It harvests the energy of the sun through using collector panels to create conditions that can then be turned into a kind of power.
   2. : It uses rise and fall of tides to convert kinetic energy of incoming and outgoing tides into electrical energy.
   3. : The energy is created mainly from uranium and plutonium through a specific reaction, which is then collected and used to power generators.
   4. : By using large turbines to take available wind as the power to turn, the turbine can then turn a generator to produce electricity.
   5. : It is the energy that is produced from beneath the earth.
   6. : They are formed by natural processes such as buried dead organisms and barely renewable.
   7. : It is power derived from the energy of falling water or fast running water.
2. Complete the sentence with the correct form of the words in brackets.
   1. When you come tonight, our group (practice) for our class presentation.
   2. I (not/study) this evening. Do you want to go out?

(do) this afternoon at 3PM?

(write) essays all semester for English 2. It is going to be a lot of work.

3.

What

4.

We

1. My brothers and I (not/camp) this weekend. We will be too busy studying for exams.
2. Tomorrow, I (sit) in the same seat that I am sitting in now.
3. My friend (practice) for the TOEFL exam over her summer vacation. Will be practicing.
4. Please don't call me after 11PM. I (sleep)
5. I (not/travel) with my brother through Europe because I don't have enough money.
6. I (take) English 2 next semester.
7. At this time tomorrow, what (you/do)?
8. (you/visit) me in Lebanon next year? I'd really like to see you again. Will you be visiting.
9. Next week, I (drive) from Hanoi to Danang. You won't be able to contact me for a couple of days.
10. My brother (not/get) married any time soon. He has no job and he doesn't seem to want to do anything.
11. I thought you were too busy to go to a movie with me. (you/not/help)

5. Change the sentences into the passive voice.

1. Scientists anticipate that people will use up fossil fuels by 2052.

________________________________________________________________________

1. In the future, an energy crisis will force civilization to research and develop alternative energy sources.

________________________________________________________________________

1. The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) will release a report in November about current figures of greenhouse-gas emissions.

________________________________________________________________________

1. Human will use the sun as the biggest energy source for the future.

________________________________________________________________________

1. Because of climate change, people will have to spend a lot of money on heating and cooling, much more than they used to.

________________________________________________________________________

1. We will minimize the use of electricity to save our energy.

________________________________________________________________________ 7. Space-based solar power will allow us to work around these challenges.

________________________________________________________________________

1. People will discover many kinds of alternative energy to address concerns about fossil fuels, such as its high carbon dioxide emissions.

________________________________________________________________________

1. Because of the variety of energy choices and differing goals of their advocates, people consider that defining some energy types as "alternative" is controversial.

________________________________________________________________________

1. Solar energy will replace most of fossil fuels in the future.

________________________________________________________________________ PART 3: READING

1. Fill in the blank with a word/ phrase in the box.

sources believe renewable

solar and wind power supplying energy

It's hard to (1) that just 200 years ago our main energy source was wood. Now we have a wealth of energy sources to choose from, including a growing range of

(2) energy technologies.

But what does the future hold? How can we keep (3) to an ever-

growing population? How much will it cost? And what impact will the energy choices we make have on our living conditions and our planet?

In a report this year, the International Energy Agency expects electricity generation from renewable energy (4) to increase from 21 percent in 2012 to 33 percent by 2040. Moreover, as battery technology improves, it will be better able to support renewable energy sources, such as (5) ,

1. Read the passage and answer the questions below.

One major advantage with the use of renewable energy is that as it is renewable therefore it is sustainable and so will never run out. Renewable energy facilities generally require less maintenance than traditional generators. Their fuel being derived from natural and available resources reduces the costs of operation. Even more importantly, renewable energy produces little or no waste products such as carbon dioxide or other chemical pollutants, so has minimal impact on the environment.

It is easy to recognize the environmental advantages of utilizing the alternative and renewable forms of energy but we must also be aware of the disadvantages. One disadvantage with renewable energy is that it is difficult to generate the quantities of electricity that are as large as those produced by traditional fossil fuel generators. This may mean that we need to reduce the amount of energy we use or simply build more energy facilities. It also indicates that the best solution to our energy problems may be to have a balance of many different power sources. Hydro generators need rain to fill dams to supply flowing water. Wind turbines need wind to turn the blades, and solar collectors need clear skies and sunshine to collect heat and make electricity. Another advantage of renewable energy sources is the reliability of supply. Renewable energy often relies on the weather for its source of power. The current cost of renewable energy technology is also far in excess of traditional fossil fuel generation. This is because it is a new technology and as such has extremely large capital cost.

• 1. What is the most important advantage of renewable resources?

................................................................................................................................................

• 1. Which is less expensive to operate, non-renewable or renewable energy? Why?

................................................................................................................................................

• 1. What does wind energy need to generate power?

................................................................................................................................................

• 1. Why is the total cost of renewable energy technology far more than that of fossil fuels?

................................................................................................................................................

1. Read the passage, and then tick the correct answer true (T), or false (F).

Did you know that energy use is the biggest contributor to fine average Canadian home's carbon footprint?

That's why the David Suzuki Foundation and Bullfrog Power are partnering to offer you a quick and easy way to switch your home to clan energy and be part of the solution to climate change.

When you choose green energy, Bullfrog's generators put clean, renewable electricity and/or green natural gas (produced from organic waste, not fracking) into the grid or pipeline to match the amount of power or natural gas your home uses. Bullfrog ensures the energy going into our energy systems - on your behalf -is from clean, green sources.

Bullfrog’s green electricity comes from a blend of wind and low-impact hydro power from new Canadian renewable energy facilities, with at least 50 per cent directly from your region.

True False

1. Energy use is the main reason that causes carbon footprint in Canada.
2. David Suzuki is the CEO of Bullfrog Power.
3. David Suzuki wants to find a solution to climate change.
4. Green energy comes from diesel.
5. The technology uses solar energy to replace natural gases.

PART 4: WRITING

1. Use the words or phrases given to write correct sentences.
   1. This winter/ we/ close/ curtains/ night/ stop heat escaping.

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

• 1. We/ switch/ energy saving/ light bulbs/ old bulbs/ break.

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

• 1. Travelling/ train, bus or bike/ much better/ planet.

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

• 1. making simple lifestyle changes/ greenhouse gas emissions/ the US/ cut down/ 2020.

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

• 1. the US/ 21 percent/ all energy used/ consumed in homes.

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

• 1. Your/ carbon footprint/ the amount/ carbon dioxide/ released/ the air/ because/ own energy needs

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

• 1. Up to/ 30%/ a household/ energy footprint/ moving water.