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LOCAL ENVIRONMENT (UNIT 1)

A. NEW WORDS, STRUCTURES AND GRAMMAR

1. New words

1. Grammar

• Review : Complex sentences (Adverb clauses of result, reasons, concession)
• Phrasal verbs

III. Phonetics: Stress on content words in sentences.

B. EXERCISES

I. Choose a word in each line that has different stress pattern:

1. A. famous B. village C. workshop D. bamboo
2. A. business B. experience C. grandparent D. chocolate
3. A. generation B. communicate C. historical D. environment
4. A. embroider B. department C. handicraft D. opinion
5. A. transfer B. publish C. accept D. remind
6. A. attraction B. artisan C. frame D. handicraft
7. A. drumhead B. illustration C. earplug D. drugstore
8. A. strip B. visual C. artistic D. remind
9. A. thread B. treat C. pleasure D. deadline
10. embroider B. preserve C. benefit D. effect

1. Find the word which has a different position of the main stress in each line:

1. Give the corect form of the word in CAPITALS to complete each fo the following sentences:

1. Complete the sentences with suitable subordinators from the box :

although as soon as because before so that while

• 1. The children are very excited _____________ they are going to visit a craft village this

weekend.

• 1. We will tell Alice about the trip _____________ we meet her.
  2. _____________ it rained a lot, they enjoyed their holiday.
  3. I bought a new pair of glasses _____________ I can see better.
  4. ______________ I go out tonight, I will have to finish this essay.
  5. Phong burnt his hand ________________ he was cooking dinner.
  6. Laura always gets up early every morning ________________ she’s not late for her work.
  7. Mr. Harrison seems to have a lot of money ________________ he lives in a luxurious house.
  8. _______________ I was waiting for the bus, I saw some foreign tourists.
  9. They didn’t win the game _______________ they played very well.

1. Make a comploex sentence from each pair of sentences. Use the subordinator provided and make any necessary changes :

1. Their son is allergetic to animals. They decided to get a cat. (though)

 _____________________________________________________________________________

2. He will stay in England for two months more. He can perfect his English. (in order that)

• _____________________________________________________________________________

3. There is nothing to eat. We have to go shopping today. (as).

• _____________________________________________________________________________ 4. I go to Hue next week. I will stay with my aunt and uncle. (when)
• _____________________________________________________________________________ 5. Mai could have good marks. She studied hard for the exam. (so that)
• _____________________________________________________________________________

6. We need an umbrella. It is raining heavily outside. (since)

• _____________________________________________________________________________

7. Nick will visit some craft villages. He finishes the Vietnamese course. (after)

• _____________________________________________________________________________

8. We decided to go for a walk in the park. It was very cold out. (although)

• _____________________________________________________________________________ 9. The tourists wanted to buy some silk. They went to Van Phuc village. (because)
• _____________________________________________________________________________
  1. They won’t buy the new car. They save enough money. (until)
• _____________________________________________________________________________
  1. Many craft families stopped their business. There is the economic crisis in the world. (because)
• _____________________________________________________________________________
  1. Dong Ho paintings are simple. These pictures reflect a typical characteristic of Vietnamese labourers. (although).
• _____________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

• 1. Three villages were chosen for the pilot project. The Asia Foundation had worked with local authorities. (after).

_____________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

• 1. We do not have many handicraft products that are well-known abroad. There are thousands of craft trades nationwide. (though) _____________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

• 1. The craft village must also meet environmental requirements. It wants to develop craft village tourism. (so that)

_____________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________ 16. Vietnam began integrating into the international economy a few decades ago. Production in craft villages developed strongly, meeting demand for domestic decoration, and construction. (when)

_____________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

• 1. At the age of over 80, the artisan is instructing the craft to his grandchildren. He wants them to preserve this ancient craft. (so that)

_____________________________________________________________________________

• 1. The workers have taken several steps to whiten the palm leaves. They sew together the leaves and the rings. (after)

_____________________________________________________________________________

• 1. The conical hat has several useful functions. It protects the wearer’s head and face from sunlight or rain, and it also works as a handy fan on hot summer days. (because)

_____________________________________________________________________________ 20. Local people in Thanh Ha pottery village near Hoi An continue following their craft. There isn’t enough support for maintaining the old traditions and skills. (although)

_____________________________________________________________________________

1. Complete each of the following sentences using the correct form of a phrasal verb from the box :

• 1. My sister is an early bird. She ______________ at 7 o’clock everyday of the week.
  2. We will _______________ for Tay Ho village at 9 o’clock and arrive at 10 o’clock.
  3. When I was a student, I _________________ small allowances from my parents.
  4. The government must now _________________ the preservation of traditional craft villages.
  5. The banks have _______________ a lot of branches in villages over the last few years.
  6. Many foreign tourists decided to ________________ to Viet Nam for another holiday.
  7. They offered her a trip to Europe but she _________ it _________.
  8. He has _____________ the report and found nothing interesting.
  9. Phong walks too fast and it’s really hard to ________________ him.
  10. These traditional stories have been _______________ from parents to children over many generations.

1. Read the following passage and choose the best option for each blank :

Many visitors come to Hartbridge to see the wonderful art (1) ____________ and museums, the beautiful buildings and the fantastic parks. Few people go outside the city, and so they miss out on (2) ______________the scenery and the fascinating history of this beautiful area. This brochure will tell you what you can see if you (3) _____________ a short bus ride out of the city.

The beautiful village of Tatterbridge was (4) ____________ to the children’s writer Jane Potter, whose stories of Benjamin Bear (5) ____________ loved by adults and children around the world. Jane Potter’s home is now a museum and tea shop, and is well (6) ____________ a visit just for its wonderful gardens. It also has a gift shop where you can buy (7) ____________ and books. Tatterbridge has a number of interesting shops (8) ____________ an excellent cake shop, and ‘Wendy’s Giftshop’ where you can find lots of unusual gifts made (9) ____________ hand by local artists. Lovers of Jane Potter’s books should also walk to the Green Valley woods, which have not changed since Jane Potter (10) __________ her stories there one hundred years ago.

1. Read the passage and decide whether the following statements are true (T), or false (F):

Bau Truc pottery items are made from clay from the Quao River mixed with sand. Clay is collected from the river only once a year, each lasting for half a month. Clay is taken more or less depending on the ability of each person. In the clay collecting season, local people try to take as much clay as they can to store, for use in an entire year.

Currently, people in Bau Truc pottery village still make pottery items in the traditional way. They do not use the wheel but the craftsmen have to turn around the products. The potters shape their products by their skillful hands and feet around a pole-round pillar, rather than on one wheel. From this step, silky clay block initially gradually forms a smooth rounded hollow block, then the formation of flower vases, or water pots.

Bau Truc’s craftsmen use wet cloths to make the product surface smooth. These items are decorated with seashells, snails or hand-made paintings featuring the daily life of Bau Truc’s people.

1. Complete the second sentence in each pair so that it has similar meaning to the first sentence :

• 1. I arrive on time in spite of the bad traffic.
• Although ____________________________________________________________ 2. David had good relationship with most of his colleagues.
• David gets ___________________________________________________________

3. Lan was ill, so she didn’t go to Dong Ho village with her friends.

 Because _____________________________________________________________

4. The children are eager to visit Hue next week.

 The children are looking ________________________________________________

5. I’ll give you a call immediately after I have finished my work.

 As soon as ___________________________________________________________

X. Alex is writing an email to Mai to introduce some of the places of interest in his hometown, Newquay. Use the words/ phrases given to complete his email. Add more words, if necessary

• Newquay : small town/ Atlantic coast/ south/ England//
• 1st suggestionsurfing/ Fistral Beach//. One/ best place/ surf/ UK//. Some good surf school/ learn/ surf//. Surfing/ friend/ every weekend//.
• If like water sports : kayaking/ water-skiing/ coasteeing//. Coasteegin/ different/ because/ it/ rock climbing/ jumping/ sea/ swimming/ same activity//. Sound/ dangerous/ not worry/ as/ always/ go/ special instructor//.
• If/ like/ animals : visit Blue Reef Aquarium/ see/ different fish/ even shark//. Can/ horse riding / or/ visit/ Newquay Zoo//.

___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ _____

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ _______

XI. Write an email to your pen friend about a trip to craft villages around Hoi An, using the words or phrases below to make complete sentences. Add more words, if necessary.

Dear Susan,

1. It/ take/ you/ only 30 minutes/ motorbike/go/ Van Phuc silk village/ centre/ Ha Noi.

 ____________________________________________________________________________

2. The village/ much well-known/ traditional sericulture/ weaving/ silk products.

 ____________________________________________________________________________

3. Most visitors/ go/ observe/ skillful workers/ produce/ goods/ listen/ local stories.

 ____________________________________________________________________________

4. If/ you/ intend/ have/ silk/ pair/ formal clothes/ just select/ suitable materials/ and/ professional tailors here/ bring/ satisfaction.

 _________________________________________________________________________________

5. You buy silk clothes made of silk/ presents/ available/ village/ your choice.

 _________________________________________________________________________________ Look forward to seeing you soon.

Best wishes,

KEY UNIT 1

1. Choose a word in each line that has different stress pattern:

1. Find the word which has a different position of the main stress in each line:

1. Give the corect form of the word in CAPITALS to complete each fo the following sentences:

1. Complete the sentences with suitable subordinators from the box :

although (3,10) as soon as (2) because (1,8) before (5) so that (4,7) while (6,9)

• 1. The children are very excited _____________ they are going to visit a craft village this weekend.
  2. We will tell Alice about the trip _____________ we meet her.
  3. _____________ it rained a lot, they enjoyed their holiday.
  4. I bought a new pair of glasses _____________ I can see better.
  5. ______________ I go out tonight, I will have to finish this essay.
  6. Phong burnt his hand ________________ he was cooking dinner.
  7. Laura always gets up early every morning ________________ she’s not late for her work.
  8. Mr. Harrison seems to have a lot of money ________________ he lives in a luxurious house.
  9. _______________ I was waiting for the bus, I saw some foreign tourists.
  10. They didn’t win the game _______________ they played very well.

1. Make a comploex sentence from each pair of sentences. Use the subordinator provided and make any necessary changes :

1. Their son is allergetic to animals. They decided to get a cat. (though)  They decided to get a cat though their son is allergetic to animals.
2. He will stay in England for two months more. He can perfect his English. (in order that)  He will stay in England for two months more so that he can perfect his English.
3. There is nothing to eat. We have to go shopping today. (as).  We have to go shopping today as there is nothing to eat.

4 I go to Hue next week. I will stay with my aunt and uncle. (when)  When I go to Hue next week, I will stay with my aunt and uncle.

5. Mai could have good marks. She studied hard for the exam. (so that)  Mai studied hard for the exam so that she could have good marks. 6. We need an umbrella. It is raining heavily outside. (since)  We need an umbrella sine it is raining heavily outside.

7. Nick will visit some craft villages. He finishes the Vietnamese course. (after)  Nick will visit some craft villages after he finishes the Vietnamese course. 8. We decided to go for a walk in the park. It was very cold out. (although)  Even though it was very cold out, we decided to go for a walk in the park.

1. The tourists wanted to buy some silk. They went to Van Phuc village. (because)  The tourists went to Van Phuc village because they wanted to buy some silk.
2. They won’t buy the new car. They save enough money. (until)

• They won’t buy the new car until they save enough money.

11.Many craft families stopped their business. There is the economic crisis in the world. (because)

• Many craft families stopped their business because there is the economic crisis in the world 12. Dong Ho paintings are simple. These pictures reflect a typical characteristic of Vietnamese labourers. (although).
• Although Dong Ho paintings are simple, these pictures reflect a typical characteristic of Vietnamese labourers.

13. Three villages were chosen for the pilot project. The Asia Foundation had worked with local authorities. (after).

 Three villages were chosen for the pilot project after the Asia Foundation had worked with local authorities.

1. We do not have many handicraft products that are well-known abroad. There are thousands of craft trades nationwide. (though)

We do not have many handicraft products that are well-known abroad though there are thousands of craft trades nationwide

1. The craft village must also meet environmental requirements. It wants to develop craft village tourism. (so that)

 The craft village must also meet environmental requirements so that it can develop craft village tourism

1. Vietnam began integrating into the international economy a few decades ago. Production in craft villages developed strongly, meeting demand for domestic decoration, and construction. (when)  When Vietnam began integrating into the international economy a few decades ago, production in craft villages developed strongly, meeting demand for domestic decoration, and construction.
2. At the age of over 80, the artisan is instructing the craft to his grandchildren. He wants them to preserve this ancient craft. (so that)

 At the age of over 80, the artisan is instructing the craft to his grandchildren so that they can preserve this ancient craft

18. The workers have taken several steps to whiten the palm leaves. They sew together the leaves and the rings. (after)

 After the workers have taken several steps to whiten the palm leaves, they sew together the leaves and the rings.

19. The conical hat has several useful functions. It protects the wearer’s head and face from sunlight or rain, and it also works as a handy fan on hot summer days. (because)

 The conical hat has several useful functions because it protects the wearer’s head and face from sunlight or rain, and it also works as a handy fan on hot summer days

20. Local people in Thanh Ha pottery village near Hoi An continue following their craft. There isn’t enough support for maintaining the old traditions and skills. (although)

Local people in Thanh Ha pottery village near Hoi An continue following their craft although there isn’t enough support for maintaining the old traditions and skills.

1. Complete each of the following sentences using the correct form of a phrasal verb from the box :

• 1. My sister is an early bird. She ______________ at 7 o’clock everyday of the week. (gets up)
  2. We will _______________ for Tay Ho village at 9 o’clock and arrive at 10 o’clock. (set off)
  3. When I was a student, I _________________ small allowances from my parents. (lived on) 4. The government must now _________________ the preservation of traditional craft villages. (deal with)
  4. The banks have _______________ a lot of branches in villages over the last few years. (closed down)
  5. Many foreign tourists decided to ________________ to Viet Nam for another holiday. (come back)
  6. They offered her a trip to Europe but she _________ it _________.(turned – down)
  7. He has _____________ the report and found nothing interesting. (looked through)
  8. Phong walks too fast and it’s really hard to ________________ him. (keep up with)
  9. These traditional stories have been _______________ from parents to children over many generations. (passed down)

1. Read the following passage and choose the best option for each blank :

Many visitors come to Hartbridge to see the wonderful art (1) ____________ and museums, the beautiful buildings and the fantastic parks. Few people go outside the city, and so they miss out on (2) ______________the scenery and the fascinating history of this beautiful area. This brochure will tell you what you can see if you (3) _____________ a short bus ride out of the city.

The beautiful village of Tatterbridge was (4) ____________ to the children’s writer Jane Potter, whose stories of Benjamin Bear (5) ____________ loved by adults and children around the world. Jane Potter’s home is now a museum and tea shop, and is well (6) ____________ a visit just for its wonderful gardens. It also has a gift shop where you can buy (7) ____________ and books. Tatterbridge has a number of interesting shops (8) ____________ an excellent cake shop, and ‘Wendy’s Giftshop’ where you can find lots of unusual gifts made (9) ____________ hand by local artists. Lovers of Jane Potter’s books should also walk to the Green Valley woods, which have not changed since Jane Potter (10) __________ her stories there one hundred years ago.

1. A. be B. have C. are D. been
2. A. excited B. worth C. value D. know
3. A. souvenirs B. materials C. costumes D. vegetables
4. A. purchasing B. advertising C. preserving D. including
5. A. at B. with C. by D. in
6. A. wrote B. designed C. moulded D. carved

1. Read the passage and decide whether the following statements are true (T), or false (F):

Bau Truc pottery items are made from clay from the Quao River mixed with sand. Clay is collected from the river only once a year, each lasting for half a month. Clay is taken more or less depending on the ability of each person. In the clay collecting season, local people try to take as much clay as they can to store, for use in an entire year.

Currently, people in Bau Truc pottery village still make pottery items in the traditional way. They do not use the wheel but the craftsmen have to turn around the products. The potters shape their products by their skillful hands and feet around a pole-round pillar, rather than on one wheel. From this step, silky clay block initially gradually forms a smooth rounded hollow block, then the formation of flower vases, or water pots.

Bau Truc’s craftsmen use wet cloths to make the product surface smooth. These items are decorated with seashells, snails or hand-made paintings featuring the daily life of Bau Truc’s people.

1. Complete the second sentence in each pair so that it has similar meaning to the first sentence :

1. I arrive on time in spite of the bad traffic.

 Although the traffic was bad, I arrived on time.

2. David had good relationship with most of his colleagues.

• David gets on well with most of his colleagues. 3. Lan was ill, so she didn’t go to Dong Ho village with her friends.
• Because lan was ill, she didn’t go to Dong Ho village with her friends.

4. The children are eager to visit Hue next week.

 The children are looking forward to visiting Hue next week. 5. I’ll give you a call immediately after I have finished my work.  As soon as I have finished my work, I’ll give you a call.

X. Choose the correct option (A, B, C or D) :

1. She presented me with a new blanket on which she __________ some beautiful flowers.
   1. knitted B. embroidered C. moulded D. carved
2. She is very good at knitting. She __________ herself this sweater. It looks very nice.
   1. knit B. knits C. is knitting D. knitted
3. All the main parts of this machine are __________ of steel.
   1. made B. done C. woven D. given
4. My parents once took me to Bat Trang village. I could make my own ___________ there. I really enjoyed it.
   1. pottery B. lacquer C. painting. D. sculpture
5. Have you ever __________ to Tay Ho village in Hue ? It’s the place where people make the famous Bai tho conical hat.
   1. go B. went C. gone D. been
6. ______________ he spent a lot of money to redecorate his shop, he cannot make any more profit.
   1. In order to B. Although C. So that D. Because of
7. This company has gone bankcrupt. Do you know who will ___________ ?
   1. take care of it B. look after it

C. take it over D. turn it up

1. She’s just received a large order from Japan. but she is afraid of not finishing her order on time __________ her workshop lasks good artisans.
   1. because B. in order to C. although D. so that
2. The people in this village are trying to change their designs and quality of their handicrafts __________ their products can be exported to many countries in the world.
   1. so that B. in order to C. because D. though
3. The people in my village cannot earn enough money for their daily life. They can’t ___________ this traditional craft. They have to find other jobs.
   1. help out B. live on C. work on D. set up

1. Alex is writing an email to Mai to introduce some of the places of interest in his hometown, Newquay. Use the words/ phrases given to complete his email. Add more words, if necessary

• • Newquay : small town/ Atlantic coast/ south/ England//
  • 1st suggestionsurfing/ Fistral Beach//. One/ best place/ surf/ UK//. Some good surf school/ learn/ surf//. Surfing/ friend/ every weekend//.
  • If like water sports : kayaking/ water-skiing/ coasteering//. Coasteering/ different/ because/ it/ rock climbing/ jumping/ sea/ swimming/ same activity//. Sound/ dangerous/ not worry/ as/ always/ go/ special instructor//.
  • If/ like/ animals : visit Blue Reef Aquarium/ see/ different fish/ even shark//. Can/ horse riding / or/ visit/ Newquay Zoo//.

1. Write an email to your pen friend about a trip to craft villages around Hoi An, using the words or phrases below to make complete sentences. Add more words, if necessary.

Dear Susan,

1. It/ take/ you/ only 30 minutes/ motorbike/go/ Van Phuc silk village/ centre/ Ha Noi.

 ____________________________________________________________________________

2. The village/ much well-known/ traditional sericulture/ weaving/ silk products.

 ____________________________________________________________________________

3. Most visitors/ go/ observe/ skillful workers/ produce/ goods/ listen/ local stories.

 ____________________________________________________________________________

4. If/ you/ intend/ have/ silk/ pair/ formal clothes/ just select/ suitable materials/ and/ professional tailors here/ bring/ satisfaction.

 _________________________________________________________________________________

5. You buy silk clothes made of silk/ presents/ available/ village/ your choice.

 _________________________________________________________________________________ Look forward to seeing you soon.

Best wishes,

Dear Susan,

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

English 9

-

CI

TY LIFE (UNIT 2)

A. NEW WORDS, STRUCTURES AND GRAMMAR

1. New words

1. Grammar:

• Review: Comparison of adjectives and adverbs
• Phrasal verbs

1. PRONUNCIATION:

Stress on pronouns in sentences

1. EXERCISES
2. Choose the options whose stress pattern is different from others’.

1. Choose the options whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the rest.

1. A. conduct B. difficult C. struck D. fun

1. Osaka has become one of the ………………. “livable” cities in Asia.

A. more B. better C. much D. most

2. London is one of the largest cities in the world but its populations is a lot ……………… than Tokyo.

A. small B. few C. smaller D. fewer

3. London is probably most famous for its museums, galleries, palaces, and other sights, but it also includes a ………….. range of peoples, cultures and religions than many other places.

A. greater B. big C. wide D. wider

4. Ha Noi city now is ……………… than it was 10 years ago.

A. as large B. more large C. much larger D. the largest

5. This river now is much less ……………… than before. People are aware of the environment and they try to keep the river clean.

A. polluted B. pollutes C. polluting D. pollution

6. When we were in Da Nang, we spent a lot of time ……………. around and looking at the ancient temples, bridges and houses.

A. wander B. wandering C. wandered D. wanders

7. On children festival, the zoo is always ……………….. with people, mainly children.

A. packed B. had C. contained D. scored

8. You should take your shoes……………….. when you go into the temples.

A. up B. in C. off D. on

9. When the doctor came in, he went………………… all my test results and gave me a prescription.

A. out B. over C. in D. of

10. A close friendship has gradually grown ………………… between them. They help each other in their daily life.

A. in B. out C. of D. up

11. It is considered that life in a city is wonderful and ………………

A. funny B. boring C. enjoyable D. helpful

12. You’ll have …………………. opportunities to widen your global horizons while living in this cultural capital city.

A. unlimited B. comfortable C. cheerful D. populous

13. Dubai’s Palm Islands in the blue ocean is the …………….. of a good and sunny life.

A. indicator B. view C. signal D. sign

14. This place is so ………………. with the non-stop flow of customers to come and enjoy Pho.

A. delicious B. convenient C. popular D. exciting

15. Visitors can take a free boat from Manhattan to Staten Island for a great ……………….. of the Statue of Liberty and the Manhattan skyline.

A. view B. sight C. scene D. landscape

16. Ha Noi also offers a nightlife as exciting as ……………….. in Ho Chi Minh City.

A. itt B. which C. what D. that

17. When you want to relax, you’ll have one of the world’s……………….cities at your feet, with more than 40% green space and open water to enjoy.

A. greener B. greenest C. mostly green D. green mostly

18. Let me know when you come to Ha Noi and I’ll ………………..

A. take you out B. bring you around C. cheer you up D. show you round

19. We expected her at nine but she finally ……………… at eleven.

A. turned up B. turned out C. came over D. grew up

1. Ann is taking extra lessons to ………………. what she missed while she was sick. A. take back B. get on well with C. keep up with D. look forward to
2. The architects got inspired to use the lotus flower in the design for the ………….

A. city B. skyline C. skyscraper D. downtown

22. Villagers are more kind, friendly, and warm-hearted than city …………….

A. dwellers B. foreigners C. beginners D. movers

23. You can see the ……………… of the suburbs in Ho Chi Minh City with many apartment buildings, supermarkets, shopping centres, and schools.

A. urban area B. convenience C. urban sprawl D. living condition

24. Dong Khoi street is the main shopping street in the ………………. of downtown in Ho Chi Minh City.

A. mind B. heart C. head D. spot

25. Opened in 1937, the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco still ranks among the top 10 …………… bridge spans in the world.

A. long B. longer C. mostly long D. longest

26. No city in America has ……………… monuments and museums into one area as Washington D.C.

A. as much B. such many C. as many D. a few

27. The new student was very shy at the beginning, but then he ……………. Well with everyone.

A. got on B. went on C. got over D. cheered up

28. The police never ……………..all hope of finding the lost child.

A. stops B. think over C. grow up D. give up

29. He’ll be very upset if his employer …………….his offer.

A. pulls down B. finds out C. turns off D. turns down

30. It’s time to say goodbye, but I’m ……………..meeting you all again soon.

A. looking forward to B. getting on with C. keep up with D. put up with

IV. Put the words in brackets into the right forms to complete the sentence.

1. I am going to visit Da Nang so can you tell me what the greatest ……………….. in Da Nang are? (ATTRACT)
2. Don’t worry about your travelling because the public transport here is convenient and

……………….. (RELY)

1. Sydney is a metropolitan and ………………… city so you have a great variety of things and foods from different countries. (MULTICULTURE)
2. My aunt lives in one of the most …………….. parts in Paris. She is a well-known fashion designer there. (FASHION)
3. The outdoor food markets in Singapore are fun and ………………. so when you go there you should try some food there. (AFFORD)

V. Complete each of the following sentences with comparatives and superlatives.

1. I think this is (noisy) ………………. part of the city.
2. This place was (dangerous) ………………. than we thought.
3. Could you show me the way to (near) …………………. bus stop.
4. The trip to Ho Chi Minh City was (interesting) ………………… for us.
5. This is (good) …………………. food I’ve ever eaten in this country.
6. David’s new haircut is (trendy) ……………………. than the previous one.
7. The building looks much (nice) ………………….. in green than the previous white.
8. I had to drive my car along (narrow) ………………… road in the region.
9. Quan’s house is (far) ……………….. from the city centre than my house.
10. In my opinion, living in the city is (hard) ………………… than living in the country.

VI. Choose the best option A, B, C, or D to fill in each blank.

Brighton is a city (1) ………………. the south of England. It’s got a population of (2) …………….. 160,000 and its location has (3) ……………… it a popular destination for tourists.

Brighton is 85km from London. It’s about an hour on the train. It (4) ……………… over 8.5 million visitors annually and is the most popular seaside destination in the UK for overseas tourists.

I like Brighton because it’s a (5)………………. place and it’s very pretty. There are some really old buildings and it’s got some nice parks. For tourists, there are a (6)………………….. interesting shopping areas, good restaurants, large cultural, music and arts scene. Brighton is home (7) ………………… many indedpenent record labels such as FatCat Records and Memorials of Distinction. Brighton (8) ………………. several railway stations, many bus routes, coach services and taxis. In spring and summer, thousands of students from all over Europe gather (9) ……………. language courses at many language schools here.

Every time I come here, my favourite places are the beach and the aquarium. For me, Brighton is one of (10) ………….. beautiful cities in the world.

1. A. in B. on C. of D. up
2. A. which B. about C. approximate D. near
3. A. turned B. started C. made D. converted
4. A. takes B. calls C. invites D. attracts
5. A. interested B. friendly C. friend D. beautifully
6. A. many B. lots of C. lot of D. much
7. A. to B. of C. in D. on
8. A. has B. is C. makes D. carries
9. A. attend B. to attend C. attending D. attended
10. A. best B. most C. more D. the most

VII. Choose the best option to fill in each blank in the following passage.

Unlike life in the countryside which is often considered to be simple and traditional, life in the city is modern and complicated. People, from different regions, move to the cities in the hope of having a better life for them and their children. The inhabitants in city work as secretaries, businessmen, teachers, government workers, factory workers and even street vendors or construction workers.

The high cost of living requires city dwellers, especially someone with low income, to work harder or to take a part-time job. For many people, an ordinary day starts as usual by getting up in the early morning to do exercise in public parks, preparing for a full day of working and studying, then travelling along crowded boulevards or narrow streets filled with motor scooters and returning home after a busy day. They usually live in large houses, or high-rise apartment blocks or even in a small rental room equipped with modern facilities, like the Internet, telephone, television, and so on. Industrialization and modernization as well as global integration have big impact on lifestyle in the cities. The most noticeable impact is the Western style of clothes. The “ao dai” – Vietnamese traditional clothes are no longer regularly worn in Vietnamese women’s daily life. Instead, jeans, T-shirts and fashionable clothes are widely preferred.

1. The most important reason why people move to the city is that…………….

A. to look for a complicate life B. to take part-time jobs

C. to have busy days D. to look for a better life

2. According to the passage, the city life can offer city dwellers all of the following things

EXCEPT ………..

A. the Internet B. friendly communication with neighbors

C. a variety of jobs in different fields D. modern facilities

3. We can infer from the passage that …………….

1. there is a big gap between the rich and the poor in the city.
2. people do morning exercise in public parks because they have much free time
3. people leave the countryside because life there is simple.
4. most of the urban dwellers have low income.

4. Industrialization and modernization may lead to ……………. A. the fact that women no longer wear ao dai.

1. the disappearance of Western-styled clothes.
2. some changes in lifestyles.
3. global integration.

5. The word impact in paragraph 2 is closet in meaning to ……………

A. force B. action C. situation D. effect

VIII. Complete each sentence so it means the same as the sentence above.

1. Many people think there is no city in Viet Nam that is cleaner than Da Nang city.

Many people think ....................................................................................................................................................................

1. I found the trip to the craft village quite interesting.

I felt quite ....................................................................................................................................................................................

1. My father says the place in which we are living is the noisiest one in Ha Noi.

My father says that no ................................................................................................................................................................

1. He hasn't changed much since I last met him in 2000.

He is the same .............................................................................................................................................................................

1. I have never eaten a more delicious food than this one.

This food .....................................................................................................................................................................................

IX. Make up sentences using the words and phrases given.

1. thanks/ so/ much/ showing/ me/ around/ city/ today/ ./

1. ………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. public/ transport/ in/ Da Nang city/ more/ convenient/ reliable/ than/ any/ other/ cities/ Viet Nam/ ./
3. ………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Sydney/ five/ big/ universities/ and/ some/ smaller/ ones/ ./

………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. The Quoc Tu Giam/ considered/ first/ oldest/ university/ of/ Viet Nam/. It/ established/ 1076/

./

………………………………………………………………………………………………

5. Bat Trang/ lying/ on/ Red River/ bank/ about/ 13km/ southeast/ Ha Noi/ is/ well-known/ craft/ village/ ./

………………………………………………………………………………………………

6. last/ week/ my friend/ went/ Hue/ / / he/ spent/ lot/ time/ wandering/ around/ and/ looking/ ancient/ temples/ palaces/ houses/ there/ ./

6. ………………………………………………………………………………………………

X. Fill in each blank with a suitable word from the box

1. Nowadays, many students who have just left the universities try to stay in big cities because they can easily find their jobs and live a ………………….life there.
2. During the rush hours, some parts of Ha Noi and Ho Chi Minh city are often packed with people and ………………..
3. If you have an opportunity to go to Sydney, you should visit both natural and manmade………………..such as Sydney Harbour, the Royal National Park, Bondi Beach as well as Royal Botanical Gardens, Sydney Opera and the Harbor Bridge.
4. When I visited Hoi An last year, I spent most of my time ………………….around and looking at the ancient temples, houses, and bridges.
5. When you visit Ha Noi, try some street food there because it is really delicious and

………………..

1. Singapore is a ………………………..country. It includes Malay, Chinese, Indians, European and Vietnamese.
2. Every year, the Economist Intelligent Unit conducts a fascinating survey to determine which…………….. around the world “provide the best living conditions”.
3. I think living in a city has a number of ………………….., such as traffic jams, traffic accidents, noise pollution, visual pollution and water pollution.
4. People say that air pollution together with littering is causing many……………. in our city now.
5. London is one of the largest cities in the world. Its population is a lot smaller than Tokyo but it is by far the most popular tourist ………………

XI. Writing:

Write a paragraph (about 120 words) about the drawbacks of living in a city.

Drawbacks of living in a big city Suggested ideas:

• Pollution: air pollution, noise pollution, etc.
• High living expenses

……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………

KEY EXERCISES

1. Choose the options whose stress pattern is different from others’.

1. Choose the options whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the rest.

1. Osaka has become one of the ………………. “livable” cities in Asia.

A. more B. better C. much D. most

2. London is one of the largest cities in the world but its populations is a lot ……………… than Tokyo.

A. small B. few C. smaller D. fewer

3. London is probably most famous for its museums, galleries, palaces, and other sights, but it also includes a ………….. range of peoples, cultures and religions than many other places.

A. greater B. big C. wide D. wider

4. Ha Noi city now is ……………… than it was 10 years ago.

A. as large B. more large C. much larger D. the largest

5. This river now is much less ……………… than before. People are aware of the environment and they try to keep the river clean.

A. polluted B. pollutes C. polluting D. pollution

6. When we were in Da Nang, we spent a lot of time ……………. around and looking at the ancient temples, bridges and houses.

A. wander B. wandering C. wandered D. wanders

7. On children festival, the zoo is always ……………….. with people, mainly children.

A. packed B. had C. contained D. scored

8. You should take your shoes……………….. when you go into the temples.

A. up B. in C. off D. on

9. When the doctor came in, he went………………… all my test results and gave me a prescription.

A. out B. over C. in D. of

10. A close friendship has gradually grown ………………… between them. They help each other in their daily life.

A. in B. out C. of D. up

11. It is considered that life in a city is wonderful and ………………

A. funny B. boring C. enjoyable D. helpful

12. You’ll have …………………. opportunities to widen your global horizons while living in this cultural capital city.

A. unlimited B. comfortable C. cheerful D. populous

13. Dubai’s Palm Islands in the blue ocean is the …………….. of a good and sunny life.

A. indicator B. view C. signal D. sign

14. This place is so ………………. with the non-stop flow of customers to come and enjoy Pho.

A. delicious B. convenient C. popular D. exciting

15. Visitors can take a free boat from Manhattan to Staten Island for a great ……………….. of the Statue of Liberty and the Manhattan skyline.

A. view B. sight C. scene D. landscape

16. Ha Noi also offers a nightlife as exciting as ……………….. in Ho Chi Minh City.

A. itt B. which C. what D. that

17. When you want to relax, you’ll have one of the world’s……………….cities at your feet, with more than 40% green space and open water to enjoy.

A. greener B. greenest C. mostly green D. green mostly

18. Let me know when you come to Ha Noi and I’ll ………………..

A. take you out B. bring you around C. cheer you up D. show you round

19. We expected her at nine but she finally ……………… at eleven.

A. turned up B. turned out C. came over D. grew up

20. Ann is taking extra lessons to ………………. what she missed while she was sick.

A. take back B. get on well with C. keep up with D. look forward to

21. The architects got inspired to use the lotus flower in the design for the ………….

A. city B. skyline C. skyscraper D. downtown

22. Villagers are more kind, friendly, and warm-hearted than city …………….

A. dwellers B. foreigners C. beginners D. movers

23. You can see the ……………… of the suburbs in Ho Chi Minh City with many apartment buildings, supermarkets, shopping centres, and schools.

A. urban area B. convenience C. urban sprawl D. living condition

24. Dong Khoi street is the main shopping street in the ………………. of downtown in Ho Chi Minh City.

A. mind B. heart C. head D. spot

25. Opened in 1937, the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco still ranks among the top 10 …………… bridge spans in the world.

A. long B. longer C. mostly long D. longest

26. No city in America has ……………… monuments and museums into one area as Washington D.C.

A. as much B. such many C. as many D. a few

27. The new student was very shy at the beginning, but then he ……………. Well with everyone.

30. It’s time to say goodbye, but I’m ……………..meeting you all again soon.

A. looking forward to B. getting on with C. keep up with D. put up with

IV. Put the words in brackets into the right forms to complete the sentence.

1. I am going to visit Da Nang so can you tell me what the greatest ……………….. in Da Nang are? (ATTRACT) attractions
2. Don’t worry about your travelling because the public transport here is convenient and

……………….. (RELY) reliable

1. Sydney is a metropolitan and ………………… city so you have a great variety of things and foods from different countries. (MULTICULTURE) multicultural
2. My aunt lives in one of the most …………….. parts in Paris. She is a well-known fashion designer there. (FASHION) fashionable
3. The outdoor food markets in Singapore are fun and ………………. so when you go there you should try some food there. (AFFORD) affordable

V. Complete each of the following sentences with comparatives and superlatives.

1. I think this is (noisy) ………………. part of the city.
2. This place was (dangerous) ………………. than we thought.
3. Could you show me the way to (near) …………………. bus stop.
4. The trip to Ho Chi Minh City was (interesting) ………………… for us.
5. This is (good) …………………. food I’ve ever eaten in this country.
6. David’s new haircut is (trendy) ……………………. than the previous one.
7. The building looks much (nice) ………………….. in green than the previous white.
8. I had to drive my car along (narrow) ………………… road in the region.
9. Quan’s house is (far) ……………….. from the city centre than my house.
10. In my opinion, living in the city is (hard) ………………… than living in the country.

1. the noisiest 2. More dangerous 3. The nearest

4. the most interesting 5. The best 6. Trendier 7.

Nicer

8. the narrowest/most narrow 9. Farther/further 10. harder

VI. Choose the best option A, B, C, or D to fill in each blank.

Brighton is a city (1) ………………. the south of England. It’s got a population of (2) …………….. 160,000 and its location has (3) ……………… it a popular destination for tourists.

Brighton is 85km from London. It’s about an hour on the train. It (4) ……………… over 8.5 million visitors annually and is the most popular seaside destination in the UK for overseas tourists.

I like Brighton because it’s a (5)………………. place and it’s very pretty. There are some really old buildings and it’s got some nice parks. For tourists, there are a (6)………………….. interesting shopping areas, good restaurants, large cultural, music and arts scene. Brighton is

home (7) ………………… many indedpenent record labels such as FatCat Records and Memorials of Distinction. Brighton (8) ………………. several railway stations, many bus routes, coach services and taxis. In spring and summer, thousands of students from all over Europe gather (9) ……………. language courses at many language schools here.

Every time I come here, my favourite places are the beach and the aquarium. For me, Brighton is one of (10) ………….. beautiful cities in the world.

1. A. in B. on C. of D. up
2. A. which B. about C. approximate D. near
3. A. turned B. started C. made D. converted
4. A. takes B. calls C. invites D. attracts
5. A. interested B. friendly C. friend D. beautifully
6. A. many B. lots of C. lot of D. much
7. A. to B. of C. in D. on
8. A. has B. is C. makes D. carries
9. A. attend B. to attend C. attending D. attended
10. A. best B. most C. more D. the most

VII. Choose the best option to fill in each blank in the following passage.

Unlike life in the countryside which is often considered to be simple and traditional, life in the city is modern and complicated. People, from different regions, move to the cities in the hope of having a better life for them and their children. The inhabitants in city work as secretaries, businessmen, teachers, government workers, factory workers and even street vendors or construction workers.

The high cost of living requires city dwellers, especially someone with low income, to work harder or to take a part-time job. For many people, an ordinary day starts as usual by getting up in the early morning to do exercise in public parks, preparing for a full day of working and studying, then travelling along crowded boulevards or narrow streets filled with motor scooters and returning home after a busy day. They usually live in large houses, or high-rise apartment blocks or even in a small rental room equipped with modern facilities, like the Internet, telephone, television, and so on. Industrialization and modernization as well as global integration have big impact on lifestyle in the cities. The most noticeable impact is the Western style of clothes. The “ao dai” – Vietnamese traditional clothes are no longer regularly worn in Vietnamese women’s daily life. Instead, jeans, T-shirts and fashionable clothes are widely preferred.

1. The most important reason why people move to the city is that…………….

A. to look for a complicate life B. to take part-time jobs

C. to have busy days D. to look for a better life

2. According to the passage, the city life can offer city dwellers all of the following things

EXCEPT ………..

A. the Internet B. friendly communication with neighbors

C. a variety of jobs in different fields D. modern facilities

3. We can infer from the passage that …………….

1. there is a big gap between the rich and the poor in the city.
2. people do morning exercise in public parks because they have much free time
3. people leave the countryside because life there is simple.
4. most of the urban dwellers have low income.

4. Industrialization and modernization may lead to ……………. A. the fact that women no longer wear ao dai.

1. the disappearance of Western-styled clothes.
2. some changes in lifestyles.
3. global integration.

5. The word impact in paragraph 2 is closet in meaning to ……………

A. force B. action C. situation D. effect

VIII. Complete each sentence so it means the same as the sentence above.

1. Many people think there is no city in Viet Nam that is cleaner than Da Nang city.

Many people think ....................................................................................................................................................................

1. I found the trip to the craft village quite interesting.

I felt quite ....................................................................................................................................................................................

1. My father says the place in which we are living is the noisiest one in Ha Noi.

My father says that no ................................................................................................................................................................

1. He hasn't changed much since I last met him in 2000.

He is the same .............................................................................................................................................................................

1. I have never eaten a more delicious food than this one.

This food .....................................................................................................................................................................................

1. Many people think Da Nang City is the cleanest city in Viet Nam.
2. I felt quite interested in the trip to the craft village.
3. My father says no other place in Ha Noi is noisier than the place in which we are living.
4. He is the same as he was in 2000. / He is the same as I last met in 2000.
5. This food is the most delicious I have ever eaten.

IX. Make up sentences using the words and phrases given.

1. thanks/ so/ much/ showing/ me/ around/ city/ today/ ./

1. ………………………………………………………………………………………………

1. Thanks so much for showing me around the city today.
2. public/ transport/ in/ Da Nang city/ more/ convenient/ reliable/ than/ any/ other/ cities/ Viet Nam/ ./

2. ………………………………………………………………………………………………

1. Public transport in Da Nang City is more convenient and reliable than other cities in Viet Nam.
2. Sydney/ five/ big/ universities/ and/ some/ smaller/ ones/ ./

3. ………………………………………………………………………………………………

1. Sydney has five big universities and some smaller ones.
2. The Quoc Tu Giam/ considered/ first/ oldest/ university/ of/ Viet Nam/. It/ established/ 1076/

./

4. ………………………………………………………………………………………………

1. The Quoc Tu Giam is considered the first and the oldest university of Viet Nam. It was established in 1076.
2. Bat Trang/ lying/ on/ Red River/ bank/ about/ 13km/ southeast/ Ha Noi/ is/ well-known/ craft/ village/ ./

5. Bat Trang lying on the Red River bank, about 13km southeast of Ha Noi is a well-known craft village.

1. ………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. last/ week/ my friend/ went/ Hue/ / / he/ spent/ lot/ time/ wandering/ around/ and/ looking/ ancient/ temples/ palaces/ houses/ there/ ./

6. ………………………………………………………………………………………………

6. Last week, my friend went to Hue. He spent a lot of time wandering around and looking at the ancient temples, palaces and houses there.

X. Fill in each blank with a suitable word from the box

1. Nowadays, many students who have just left the universities try to stay in big cities because they can easily find their jobs and live a ………………….life there. convenient
2. During the rush hours, some parts of Ha Noi and Ho Chi Minh city are often packed with people and ……………….. vehicles
3. If you have an opportunity to go to Sydney, you should visit both natural and manmade………………..such as Sydney Harbour, the Royal National Park, Bondi Beach as well as Royal Botanical Gardens, Sydney Opera and the Harbor Bridge. attractions
4. When I visited Hoi An last year, I spent most of my time ………………….around and looking at the ancient temples, houses, and bridges. wandering
5. When you visit Ha Noi, try some street food there because it is really delicious and

……………….. affordable

1. Singapore is a ………………………..country. It includes Malay, Chinese, Indians, European and Vietnamese. multicultural
2. Every year, the Economist Intelligent Unit conducts a fascinating survey to determine which…………….. around the world “provide the best living conditions”. cities
3. I think living in a city has a number of ………………….., such as traffic jams, traffic accidents, noise pollution, visual pollution and water pollution. drawbacks
4. People say that air pollution together with littering is causing many……………. in our city now. problems
5. London is one of the largest cities in the world. Its population is a lot smaller than Tokyo but it is by far the most popular tourist ……………… destination

XI. Writing:

Write a paragraph (about 120 words) about the drawbacks of living in a city.

Drawbacks of living in a big city Suggested ideas:

• Pollution: air pollution, noise pollution, etc.
• High living expenses

……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………

UNIT 3

VOCABULARY

GRAMMAR

• Trong câu trực tiếp thông tin đi thẳng từ người thứ nhất sang người thứ hai (người thứ nhất nói trực tiếp với người thứ hai). Trong lời nói trực tiếp chúng ta ghi lại chính xác những từ, ngữ mà người nói dùng. Lới nói trực tiếp phải được đặt trong dấu ngoặc kép.

He said “I bought a new motorbike for myself yesterday”. “I love you”, she said.

• Trong câu gián tiếp, thông tin đi từ người thứ nhất qua người thứ hai đến người thứ ba. Khi đó câu có biến đổi về mặt ngữ pháp.

He said he had bought a new motorbike for himself the day before.

1. Quy tắc chuyển từ trực tiếp sang gián tiếp
   1. Quy tắc chuyển từ lối nói trực tiếp sang gián tiếp: lùi một thời

Simple present –> simple past

Present progressive –> past progressive

Present perfect –> past perfect

Simple past –> past perfect

Past progressive –> past perfect progressive

Simple future –> would + V

Can/may/must –> could /might/had to

• 1. Các chuyển đổi khác:

– Đại từ nhân xưng:

I –> he/she We –> they You –> I/ we

(tân ngữ và tính từ sở hữu chuyển theo nhân xưng chủ ngữ)

• Trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn:

Here –> there This –> that

These –> those

• Trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian:

• Wish + past simple/ past perfect:

“I wish I lived in Da Nang”, he said. –> He said he wished he lived in Da Nang.

• Cấu trúc “it’s time somebody did something”:

“It’s time he woke up”, she said. –> She said it was time he woke up.

• Would/ should/ ought to/ had better/ used to không chuyển:

“ You’d better work hard” he said –> He said that I had better work hard.

2.4. Các cách chuyển đổi cơ bản

1. Say that + a statement –> agree (đồng ý), refuse (từ chối), offer (đề nghị), promise (hứa), threaten + the infinitive (dọa) “All right, I’ll help you” he said.

–> He agreed to help me.

“ Oh, no, I won’t come to your party”, he said. –> He refused to come to my party.

“I’ll look for the cat for you tomorrow if you like” he said.

–> He offered to look after the cat for me the next day if I liked.

“I’ll visit your parents when I arrive there”, he said

–> He promised to visit my parents when he arrived there.

“I’ll sell the TV set if you keep on watching it all day”, said the father –> The father threatened to sell the TV set if he kept on watching it all day.

1. Say that + a statement –> accuse …of (buộc tội), admit (thừa nhận), apologise for (xin lỗi), deny (từ chối), insist on + V-ing (khăng khăng)

- “You stole the jewels” said the inspector –> The inspector accused her of stealing the jewels.

1. Say to somebody + a statement –> told somebody + that + clause

“I’ve finished all my homework”, he said to me. –> He told me that he had finished all his homework.

1. Say + a statement –> said that + clause

“I’m going to Hanoi tomorrow”, he said. –> He said that he was going to Hanoi the next day.

1. Statement with command, request, advice, invitation, offer –> advise, ask, beg, encourage, invite, order, tell, warn, remind…

“You’d better hurry”, he said. –> He advised me to hurry.

“Post the letter for me, will you?”he said. –> He asked me to post the letter for him.

“Make another try, please”, he said –> He encouraged me to make another try “Don’t drive too fast”, he said. –> He warned me not to drive too fast.

“Remember to close the door”, he said. –> He reminded me to close the door.

“Don’t forget to come at 6 a.m tomorrow”, he said. –> He reminded to come at 6 a.m the next day.

1. Questions in indirect speech

– Thời, đại từ, tính từ sở hữu, trạng từ chuyển như ở câu tường thuật. – Yes-no questions –> asked/wanted to know if/whether

“Are you absent from your classes today?” he asked.

–> He asked/wanted to know if I was absent from my classes that day. – Wh-questions –> asked/wanted to know + question word + clause.

“Where do you often meet your friends?” she said.

–> She asked where I often met my friends.

G. Questions with “shall I…”–> 4 loại sau:

• About future event (sự kiện trong tương lai)

“Shall we attend the meeting tomorrow”, she said. –>She asked if they would attend the meeting the next day

• Request for instruction or advice (Lời hướng dẫn hoặc lời khuyên)

“Shall I read it, mother?” ha said. –> He asked his mother if he should read it.

• Offer to do something

“Shall we bring you some new books?” she said. –> She offered to bring me some new books.

• Suggest to do something

“Shall we go to the cinema tonight”, he said. –> He suggested going to the cinema that night.

1. Questions with “Will you, would you, could you…?” (yêu cầu, đề nghị, mời)–> offer, invite, order, ask, told.

“ Will you come to my party tomorrow?” he said. –> He invited me to come to his party the next day.

“Could you get ready at 6p.m tonight?” he said. –> He told/asked me to get ready at 6p.m that night.

“Would you like some cigarettes?” he said. –> He offered me some cigarettes.

“Will you shut your mouth?” he said. –> He ordered me to shut my mouth.

1. Let’s do…–> suggest + V-ing (nếu bao gồm cả người nói thực hiện hành động)

Let’s do…–> suggest + that S should do…(có thể bao gồm hoặc không bao gồm người nói thực hiện hành động)

“Let’s go to the cinema tonight”, he said.

–> He suggested going to the cinema that night. (anh ta cũng đi)

–> He suggested that they should go to the cinema that night

1. Yes, let’s do…–> agree

No, let’s not do… –> be against the idea.

“Let’s eat out tonight” said the mother.

“Yes, let’s” said the son. “No, let’s not” said the father.

–> The mother suggested eating out that night and the son agreed but the father was against the idea.

1. Must –> had to

“I must finish my work tomorrow”, he said. –> He said that he had to finish his work the next day.

“Must you go soon?” she said. –> He asked if I had to go soon.

1. Câu cảm thán trong lời nói gián tiếp

• What + a + noun! /how + adj –> said that + clause

–> gave an exclamation of delight (vui mừng, tán thưởng), disgust (kinh tởm), honor (sợ), surprise (ngạc nhiên)

“How beautiful the picture is”, he said. –> He said that the picture was beautiful. –> He gave an exclamation of delight.

“What a dirty kitchen!” she said.

–> She said that the kitchen was dirty.

–> She gave an exclamation of disgust.

“How wonderful”, he said.

–> He said that it was wonderful.

–> He gave an exclamation of surprise.

• “Yes/no” –> subject + trợ động từ

“Have you finished your homework?” he said

“Yes”, she said

–> He asked her if she had finished her homework and she said she had.

“Are you ready for the exam?” he said.

“No”, she said.

–> He asked if she was ready for the exam and she said she wasn’t.

M. “Thank”–> subject + thanked

“Would you like to have dinner with me tonight?”, he said. “thank you, I’d love to” she said. –> He invited her to have dinner with him that night. She thanked him and said she would love to.

“Good luck”, he said –> he wished me luck.

“Congratulation!”, he said –> he congratulated me.

I. PHONETICS

1. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined. Read the words aloud.
   1. A. calm B. fabulous C. asset D. handicraft
   2. A. metro B. conduct C. grow D. mould
   3. A. helpline B. remind C. artisan D. reliable
   4. A. tense B. stress C. effect D. resolve
   5. A. preserve B. sculpture C. skill D. risk
2. Find the word which has a different position of the main stress in each line.
   1. A. adolescence B. adulthood C. cognitive D. concentrate
   2. A. confident B. delighted C. depressed D. embarrassed
   3. A. emergency B. frustrated C. independence D. decision
   4. A. relaxed B. worried C. wander D. dweller
   5. A. discipline B. determine C. culture D. indicaton

II. GRAMMAR

1. Put the words in brackets into the right forms to complete the sentences.

1. Choose the correct option for each gap in the sentences
   1. I’ve been studying very hard for my final exams but I always feel ___________.
      1. tired B. calm C. worried D. frustrated
   2. She has failed her driving test for three times. She feels _______now.
      1. depressed B. worried C. stressed D. calm
2. He did very well at the examination this morning so he feels very _______at the moment.

A. sad B. unhappy C. relaxed D. worried

1. On the way home yesterday, his bicycle broke down so he felt very __________.

A. excited B, delighted C. confident D. frustrated

1. The boy looks __________when he sees his parents at the door of the classroom.

A. relaxed B. confused C. tired D. left-out

1. Hoa said she was very ____________ and she didn’t want to go to the cinema with us.

A. quick B. fast C. smoothly D. tired

1. Huy got a bad mark for his English test. He must have been really _________.

A. disappointed B. relaxing C. interested D. happy

1. We take turns to make an English presentation about keeping our environment clean and green.

This opportunity makes everyone feel more ______in speaking English.

A. worried B. tense C. confident D. frustrated

1. Minh feels very proud and __________at the gold medal he has got.

A. delighted B. unhappy C. stressed D. strong

1. If you study hard and you feel tired, you had better take a rest and _________for some minutes.

A. encourage B. relax C. advise D. empathise

3. Fill each blank with a word in the box

Concentrate delighted embarrassed adolescence independent life skills relaxed worried informed left out

1. ________is the period between childhood and young adulthood.
2. Physical changes are different for everyone at the adolescence, so we don’t need to feel ____________.
3. My brother is 13 years old but he wants to be more _____________. He would like to do everything by himself.
4. When you have any problems, please ask the adults for support and guidance to make __________decisions.
5. I always __________on my studies so I’ve made much progress this year.
6. I felt _______when the teacher informed that we were going to have a 45-minute English test.
7. Today I am very _________to get the highest score in my English exam.today?
8. Can you name some necessary ______that Vietnamese teens should have today?
9. Hoa has moved to a new school in Hanoi. She doesn’t know anybody there. She is very sad and feels ________.
10. I have finished all my homework the teacher gave me. I feel ______and decide to go to the cinema with my friend this evening.

READING

1. Read the text and then choose the best answer A, B, C or D.

In Britain some families feel that learning at home is better than going to school. Home schooled children can choose when they want to learn. Does this sound more enjoyable than school?

Andrian is a science prodigy and he wants to start university by the age of fourteen. He finds school lessons easier than the ones he expects but making friends is more difficult. At home he can spend more time on his favourite subjects and is preparing to take many of his exams early. Does he ever take a break? “Yes”, he says “ I don’t study subjects I’m not interested in.”

Holly’s parents weren’t happy with the local school. So they made a decision to teach her at home. Her favourite is history and she often goes to museums to study. “ I couldn’t do that before,” she says. “ This is more interesting than school was”. Her parents are always happy to help her.

Andrian and Holly love learning at home, but some people think that studying at school is more useful because it trains you for adult life. It teaches you to be with people you don’t like, but it can also help you to make friends. Are these things more important than lessons? What do you think?

1. In Britain, people can learn at home or ____________.
   1. at school B. at work C. at the museum D. at break
2. Andria wants to start ________when he’s 14.
   1. school B. subjects C. lessons D. university
3. He only studies things that he _________.
   1. is interested in B. isn’t happy with C. feel easy D. feel difficult
4. History is Holly’s ______________.
   1. favourite test B. favourite subject

C. boring subject D. only one subject

1. Why do some people think studying at school is _______?
   1. more easy B. more useful

C. stressful D. a waste of time

2. Choose the correct word A, B, C, or D for each gap to complete the following passage. Recently, a study in the USA showed that 75% of high school students (1) ________in tests and exams. If we include (2) ___________ homework, the number is 90%. Many students don’t even realize that (3) ___________they’re doing is wrong. They think that cheating is OK now because it’s (4) ____________.

In the past, weaker students cheated but now cheats are often clever kids who need higher graders. There is more competition today.

One high school students says: “There is big (5) ____________to get into a good university. You have to get good marks, and to get good marks some teens think they have to cheat.”

In the American study, 50% of teens agreed with the opinion “People sometimes have to lie and cheat to be succeed. “ It seems that cheating has become normal for some people. There are a lot of cheats. We see more and (6) ___________ cheats in sport and in business. Unfortunately, adults don’t always set a good example.

Cheating is easier with new technology. There are websites (7) _______you can download exams and essays. You can pay people online to write an essay for you. Students are instant messaging homework answers and they can send text messages to friends (8) __________exams or put answers into their MP3 players.

Teachers can (9) _________cell phones and camera and use special software to detect copying in homework. School principles can suspend or expel students who cheat. But really it’s more important for people (10) __________that they don’t have to cheat to be successful – cheats never win and winner never cheat.

1. A. has cheated B. have cheated C. are cheating D. cheat
2. A. copying B. to copy C. copy D. copied
3. A. which B. why C. what D. where
4. A. normal B. usually C. plenty D. common
5. A. stress B. pressure C. nervous D. tense
6. A. much B. more C. less D. fewer
7. A. which B. what C. how D. where
8. A. on B. at C. in D. of
9. A. ban B. stop C. end D. delay
10. A. knowing B. know C. to know D. known

WRITING

1. Make up sentences using the words and phrases given.
   1. Mai’s parents/ always/ expect/ her/ get/ good/ grades/ and/ go/ top/ university/ study/ medicine.
   2. Minh/ feel/ very/ worried/ because/ he/ have/ big/ assignment/ complete/ and/ he/ not/ know/ where/ start.
   3. You/ thought/ about/ asking/ friend/ who/ confident/ about/ maths/ help/ you/?
   4. You/ done/ very/ well/ exam/./ I/ think/ you/ relax/ now.
   5. It/ not/ difficult/ make/ new/ friends/./ you/ should/ be/ open/ friendly/ first.
2. Rewrite the following sentences in reported speech.
   1. “ What are you most worried about before the exam?” my teacher asked me.
   2. “If you get high scores in your final exam, I’ll buy you a computer.” His mother said.
   3. “ My parents are very glad because my sister has passed the entrance exam to go to a top university.” Lan told me.
   4. “ I couldn’t sleep last night because I felt nervous about the exam.” Hoa said.
   5. “ I’m so delighted. I’ve just received a mobile phone from my brother. My brother has just been abroad.” Quang said.
3. Rewrite the following sentences using questions words + to V.
   1. Could you tell me when I should explain everything to our teacher?
   2. I don’t know what I should do to make my mother happy.
   3. She wondered how she could tell her mother about the stolen bicycle.
   4. We are not sure what we should do to make our house more beautiful at Christmas.
   5. My mother can decide where we should go at summer holidays.

TEST 3

1. Circle the word with a different stress pattern from the others.
   1. A. attraction B. emergency C. administrative D. recognition
   2. A. artisan B. confident C. negative D. underpass
   3. A. affordable B. delighted C. loudspeaker D. exhibition
   4. A. lacquerware B. contestant C. fabulous D. noticeable
   5. A. authenticity B. metropolitan C. cooperative D. multicultural
2. Find a mistake in the four underlined parts of each sentence and correct it,
   1. We have no idea who talking to when we have problems.

A B C D

• 1. Nick asked Phong whether he had gone to Mai’s birthday party last night.

A B C D

• 1. Lan is very depressing because her closest friend is moving to another city.

A B C D

• 1. Their daughter said that she doesn’t want to take exams into economic universities.

A B C D

• 1. I don’t know what to do as these instructions are extremely confused.

A B C D

1. Give the correct form off the word in CAPITALS to complete each of the following sentences.

1. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D.
   1. Pressure _____children to get into top schools has reached a crisis point.
      1. at B. under C. on D. with
   2. Perhaps what you’re reading or hearing is boring, which makes it hard to ______ on the book or the conversation.
      1. concentrate B. rely C. depend D. notice
   3. A great way to improve ______Skills is to keep trying new things.
      1. reason B. reasoned C. reasoning D. reasons
   4. As children move toward _________, they are less likely to ask for advice.
      1. dependent B. dependence C. independent D. independence
   5. Taking good notes ____students to evaluate organize and summarize information.
      1. requests B. requires C. allows D. offers
   6. Susan needs someone to who her how to ____her anxiety and depression.
      1. empathize B. try C. succeed D. manage
   7. Mi asked what information she ____that assignment.
      1. needs to be done B. needed doing C. need to do D. needed to do
   8. My teacher told me that I __________attend the math course for the higher level programme that I ______for.
      1. can’t/ apply B. couldn’t/ apply C. can’t/ applied D. couldn’t/ had applied
   9. My parents asked me to find out _______it gave you so much trouble.
      1. what B. which C. why D. where
   10. I am not sure _________I can solve this problem.
       1. how B. what C. who D. by whom
2. Read and choose the best answer

LONDON

London is a big city, but many of the people who live there (1) ___________ it as a number of small towns put together. Each district has its own identity and atmosphere and some of parts are even described by their inhabitants as ‘villages’. Much of the centre of the city consists

(2)_________ shops and businesses and the majority of people live in the suburbs. A great (3)______ of them travel to work in the city every day by train, bus, tube or car; this is called commuting. Commuters might spend as much as two hours every morning getting to work and another two hours getting home again. The cost of living in London is (4) ________ than in most other parts of Britain, and many people are paid extra money on the top of their salaries because of this. Millions of visitors come to London every year from all over the world for to see the famous sights, such as Buckingham Palace, where the Queen lives, and many other historic buildings. London is also very famous for its theatres, red buses, and black taxis. Some people find it as a noisy, dirty place (5) _______ it has many large, pleasant parts where everyone can enjoy themselves some peace and quiet. London has many attractions, both for people from overseas and for people from other parts of Britain.

1. A. regard B. feel C. think D. see
2. A. in B. on C. of D. at
3. A. a lot B. lot C. much D. many
4. A. taller B. higher C. bigger D. much
5. A. but B. although C. because D. since
6. Read the passage and choose the correct answer A, B, C, or D for each question You can do a few things to make homework less stressful. First, be sure you understand the assignment. Write it down in your notebook or day planner if you need to, and don’t be afraid to ask questions about what is expected. It is much easier to make a minute to ask the teacher during or after class than to struggle to remember later that night! If you want, you can ask how long the particular homework assignment should take to complete so you can plan your time.

Second, use any extra time you have in school to work on your homework. Many schools have libraries that are specifically designed to allow students to study or get homework done. The more work you can get done in school, the less you will have to do that night.

Third, pace yourself. If you don’t finish your homework during school, think about how much you have left and what else is going on that day, and then plan your time. Most middle students should have between 1 and 3 hours of homework a night. If it is a heavy homework day, you will need to devote more time to homework.

No one is expected to understand everything, and may be you need some help. The first place to turn for help is your teacher. But what if you don’t feel comfortable with your teacher? If you are in a big enough school, there maybe other teachers who teach the same subject. Speak to other teachers directly and you may be in luck. Sometimes it just helps to have someone explain something in a different way. Moreover, you might also be able to get some help from another student. If there is someone you like who is a good student, think about asking that person if you can study together.

• 1. The most important thing that you should do when you get your assignment may be ____.
     1. to know when you hand it in
     2. to understand it and its requirements
     3. to know how long it takes to complete it
     4. to remember it in order to plan the time
  2. If you have any free time left at school, you should _____.
     1. use it to do your homework in the library
     2. spend time with your friends
     3. use it to understand the assignment
     4. use it to make your day planner
  3. When students need some help, they should ______.
     1. never ask other teachers because it will hurt their own teachers
     2. always turn to their own teacher for help
     3. ask any good students at the subject in your school
     4. go to their teachers or other teachers teaching the same subject
  4. The main idea of the first three paragraphs is _________.
     1. to get help when you need it
     2. to do homework immediately
     3. to create a homework plan
     4. to ask your teachers for more explanation
  5. According to the passage, all of the following are correct EXCEPT that ________. A. it takes a student more than three hours a night if there is much homework.
     1. it is good to have the explanation in a different way
     2. you only do your homework at home between 1 and 3 hours a night
     3. it is very useful to take a minute to ask the teacher during or after class

1. Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it is as similar as possible in meaning to the original sentence. Use the word given and other words as necessary. Do not change the form of the given word.
   1. “What do you think about teenagers who dye their hai?” THOUGHT
   2. It was quite surprising for us that he passed the exam. SURPRISED
   3. “If I were you, I would tell her the truth”, said Phong to Khoa ADVISED
   4. We don’t know how we should solve the problems. TO
   5. “Have I ever met him before?” Laura said to herself. WONDERED

KEY

I. PHONETICS

1. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined. Read the words aloud.
   1. A. calm B. fabulous C. asset D. handicraft
   2. A. metro B. conduct C. grow D. mould
   3. A. helpline B. remind C. artisan D. reliable
   4. A. tense B. stress C. effect D. resolve
   5. A. preserve B. sculpture C. skill D. risk
2. Find the word which has a different position of the main stress in each line.
   1. A. adolescence B. adulthood C. cognitive D. concentrate
   2. A. confident B. delighted C. depressed D. embarrassed
   3. A. emergency B. frustrated C. independence D. decision
   4. A. relaxed B. worried C. wander D. dweller
   5. A. discipline B. determine C. culture D. indicator

II. GRAMMAR

1. Put the words in brackets into the right forms to complete the sentences.

1. Choose the correct option for each gap in the sentences
   1. I’ve been studying very hard for my final exams but I always feel ___________.

• • 1. tired B. calm D. frustrated
  1. She has failed her driving test for three times. She feels _______now.
     1. depressed B. worried C. stressed D. calm

1. He did very well at the examination this morning so he feels very _______at the moment.

A. sad B. unhappy C. relaxed D. worried

1. On the way home yesterday, his bicycle broke down so he felt very __________.

A. excited B, delighted C. confident D. frustrated

1. The boy looks __________when he sees his parents at the door of the classroom.

A. relaxed B. confused C. tired D. left-out

1. Hoa said she was very ____________ and she didn’t want to go to the cinema with us.

A. quick B. fast C. smoothly D. tired

1. Huy got a bad mark for his English test. He must have been really _________.

A. disappointed B. relaxing C. interested D. happy

1. We take turns to make an English presentation about keeping our environment clean and green.

This opportunity makes everyone feel more ______in speaking English.

A. worried B. tense C. confident D. frustrated

1. Minh feels very proud and __________at the gold medal he has got.

A. delighted B. unhappy C. stressed D. strong

1. If you study hard and you feel tired, you had better take a rest and _________for some minutes.

A. encourage B. relax C. advise D. empathise

3. Fill each blank with a word in the box

1. ________is the period between childhood and young adulthood.
2. Physical changes are different for everyone at the adolescence, so we don’t need to feel ____________.
3. My brother is 13 years old but he wants to be more _____________. He would like to do everything by himself.
4. When you have any problems, please ask the adults for support and guidance to make __________decisions.
5. I always __________on my studies so I’ve made much progress this year.
6. I felt _______when the teacher informed that we were going to have a 45-minute English test.
7. Today I am very _________to get the highest score in my English exam.today?
8. Can you name some necessary ______that Vietnamese teens should have today?
9. Hoa has moved to a new school in Hanoi. She doesn’t know anybody there. She is very sad and feels ________.
10. I have finished all my homework the teacher gave me. I feel ______and decide to go to the cinema with my friend this evening.

READING

1. Read the text and then choose the best answer A, B, C or D.

In Britain some families feel that learning at home is better than going to school. Home schooled children can choose when they want to learn. Does this sound more enjoyable than school?

Andrian is a science prodigy and he wants to start university by the age of fourteen. He finds school lessons easier than the ones he expects but making friends is more difficult. At home he can spend more time on his favourite subjects and is preparing to take many of his exams early. Does he ever take a break? “Yes”, he says “ I don’t study subjects I’m not interested in.”

Holly’s parents weren’t happy with the local school. So they made a decision to teach her at home. Her favourite is history and she often goes to museums to study. “ I couldn’t do that before,” she says. “ This is more interesting than school was”. Her parents are always happy to help her.

Andrian and Holly love learning at home, but some people think that studying at school is more useful because it trains you for adult life. It teaches you to be with people you don’t like, but it can also help you to make friends. Are these things more important than lessons? What do you think?

1. In Britain, people can learn at home or ____________.
   1. at school B. at work C. at the museum D. at break
2. Andria wants to start ________when he’s 14.
   1. school B. subjects C. lessons D. university
3. He only studies things that he _________.
   1. is interested in B. isn’t happy with C. feel easy D. feel difficult
4. History is Holly’s ______________.
   1. favourite test B. favourite subject

C. boring subject D. only one subject

1. Why do some people think studying at school is _______?
   1. more easy B. more useful

C. stressful D. a waste of time

2. Choose the correct word A, B, C, or D for each gap to complete the following passage. Recently, a study in the USA showed that 75% of high school students (1) ________in tests and exams. If we include (2) ___________ homework, the number is 90%. Many students don’t even realize that (3) ___________they’re doing is wrong. They think that cheating is OK now because it’s (4) ____________.

In the past, weaker students cheated but now cheats are often clever kids who need higher graders. There is more competition today.

One high school students says: “There is big (5) ____________to get into a good university. You have to get good marks, and to get good marks some teens think they have to cheat.”

In the American study, 50% of teens agreed with the opinion “People sometimes have to lie and cheat to be succeed. “ It seems that cheating has become normal for some people. There are a lot of cheats. We see more and (6) ___________ cheats in sport and in business. Unfortunately, adults don’t always set a good example.

Cheating is easier with new technology. There are websites (7) _______you can download exams and essays. You can pay people online to write an essay for you. Students are instant messaging homework answers and they can send text messages to friends (8) __________exams or put answers into their MP3 players.

Teachers can (9) _________cell phones and camera and use special software to detect copying in homework. School principles can suspend or expel students who cheat. But really it’s more important for people (10) __________that they don’t have to cheat to be successful – cheats never win and winner never cheat.

1. A. has cheated B. have cheated C. are cheating D. cheat
2. A. copying B. to copy C. copy D. copied
3. A. which B. why C. what D. where
4. A. normal B. usually C. plenty D. common
5. A. stress B. pressure C. nervous D. tense
6. A. much B. more C. less D. fewer
7. A. which B. what C. how D. where
8. A. on B. at C. in D. of
9. A. ban B. stop C. end D. delay
10. A. knowing B. know C. to know D. known

WRITING

1. Make up sentences using the words and phrases given.
   1. Mai’s parents/ always/ expect/ her/ get/ good/ grades/ and/ go/ top/ university/ study/ medicine.

Mai’s parents always expect her to get good grades and go to a top university to study medicine.

• 1. Minh/ feel/ very/ worried/ because/ he/ have/ big/ assignment/ complete/ and/ he/ not/ know/ where/ start.

Minh feels very worried because he has a big assignment to complete and he doesn’t know where to start.

• 1. You/ thought/ about/ asking/ friend/ who/ confident/ about/ maths/ help/ you/?

Have you thought about asking a friend who is confident about maths to help you?

• 1. You/ done/ very/ well/ exam/./ I/ think/ you/ relax/ now.

You have done very well in the exam. I think you should relax now.

• 1. It/ not/ difficult/ make/ new/ friends/./ you/ should/ be/ open/ friendly/ first.

It’s not difficult to make new friends. You should be open and friendly first.

1. Rewrite the following sentences in reported speech.
   1. “ What are you most worried about before the exam?” my teacher asked me.
   2. “If you get high scores in your final exam, I’ll buy you a computer.” His mother said.
   3. “ My parents are very glad because my sister has passed the entrance exam to go to a top university.” Lan told me.
   4. “ I couldn’t sleep last night because I felt nervous about the exam.” Hoa said.
   5. “ I’m so delighted. I’ve just received a mobile phone from my brother. My brother has just been abroad.” Quang said.

1. Rewrite the following sentences using questions words + to V.
   1. Could you tell me when I should explain everything to our teacher?
   2. I don’t know what I should do to make my mother happy.
   3. She wondered how she could tell her mother about the stolen bicycle.
   4. We are not sure what we should do to make our house more beautiful at Christmas.
   5. My mother can decide where we should go at summer holidays.

TEST 3

1. Circle the word with a different stress pattern from the others.
   1. A. attraction B. emergency C. administrative D. recognition
   2. A. artisan B. confident C. negative D. underpass
   3. A. affordable B. delighted C. loudspeaker D. exhibition
   4. A. lacquerware B. contestant C. fabulous D. noticeable
   5. A. authenticity B. metropolitan C. cooperative D. multicultural
2. Find a mistake in the four underlined parts of each sentence and correct it,
   1. We have no idea who talking to when we have problems.

A B C D

• 1. Nick asked Phong whether he had gone to Mai’s birthday party last night.

A B C D

• 1. Lan is very depressing because her closest friend is moving to another city.

A B C D

• 1. Their daughter said that she doesn’t want to take exams into economic universities.

A B C D

• 1. I don’t know what to do as these instructions are extremely confused.

A B C D

1. Give the correct form off the word in CAPITALS to complete each of the following sentences.

1. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D.
   1. Pressure _____children to get into top schools has reached a crisis point.
      1. at B. under C. on D. with
   2. Perhaps what you’re reading or hearing is boring, which makes it hard to ______ on the book or the conversation.
      1. concentrate B. rely C. depend D. notice
   3. A great way to improve ______Skills is to keep trying new things.
      1. reason B. reasoned C. reasoning D. reasons
   4. As children move toward _________, they are less likely to ask for advice.
      1. dependent B. dependence C. independent D. independence
   5. Taking good notes ____students to evaluate organize and summarize information.
      1. requests B. requires C. allows D. offers
   6. Susan needs someone to who her how to ____her anxiety and depression.
      1. empathize B. try C. succeed D. manage
   7. Mi asked what information she ____that assignment.
      1. needs to be done B. needed doing C. need to do D. needed to do
   8. My teacher told me that I __________attend the math course for the higher level programme that I ______for.
      1. can’t/ apply B. couldn’t/ apply C. can’t/ applied D. couldn’t/ had applied
   9. My parents asked me to find out _______it gave you so much trouble.
      1. what B. which C. why D. where
   10. I am not sure _________I can solve this problem.
       1. how B. what C. who D. by whom
2. Read and choose the best answer

LONDON

London is a big city, but many of the people who live there (1) ___________ it as a number of small towns put together. Each district has its own identity and atmosphere and some of parts are even described by their inhabitants as ‘villages’. Much of the centre of the city consists

(2)_________ shops and businesses and the majority of people live in the suburbs. A great (3)______ of them travel to work in the city every day by train, bus, tube or car; this is called commuting. Commuters might spend as much as two hours every morning getting to work and another two hours getting home again. The cost of living in London is (4) ________ than in most other parts of Britain, and many people are paid extra money on the top of their salaries because of this. Millions of visitors come to London every year from all over the world for to see the famous sights, such as Buckingham Palace, where the Queen lives, and many other historic buildings. London is also very famous for its theatres, red buses, and black taxis. Some people find it as a noisy, dirty place (5) _______ it has many large, pleasant parts where everyone can enjoy themselves some peace and quiet. London has many attractions, both for people from overseas and for people from other parts of Britain.

1. A. regard B. feel C. think D. see
2. A. in B. on C. of D. at
3. A. a lot B. lot C. much D. many
4. A. taller B. higher C. bigger D. much
5. A. but B. although C. because D. since
6. Read the passage and choose the correct answer A, B, C, or D for each question You can do a few things to make homework less stressful. First, be sure you understand the assignment. Write it down in your notebook or day planner if you need to, and don’t be afraid to ask questions about what is expected. It is much easier to make a minute to ask the teacher during or after class than to struggle to remember later that night! If you want, you can ask how long the particular homework assignment should take to complete so you can plan your time.

Second, use any extra time you have in school to work on your homework. Many schools have libraries that are specifically designed to allow students to study or get homework done. The more work you can get done in school, the less you will have to do that night.

Third, pace yourself. If you don’t finish your homework during school, think about how much you have left and what else is going on that day, and then plan your time. Most middle students should have between 1 and 3 hours of homework a night. If it is a heavy homework day, you will need to devote more time to homework.

No one is expected to understand everything, and may be you need some help. The first place to turn for help is your teacher. But what if you don’t feel comfortable with your teacher? If you are in a big enough school, there maybe other teachers who teach the same subject. Speak to other teachers directly and you may be in luck. Sometimes it just helps to have someone explain something in a different way. Moreover, you might also be able to get some help from another student. If there is someone you like who is a good student, think about asking that person if you can study together.

• 1. The most important thing that you should do when you get your assignment may be ____.
     1. to know when you hand it in
     2. to understand it and its requirements
     3. to know how long it takes to complete it
     4. to remember it in order to plan the time
  2. If you have any free time left at school, you should _____.
     1. use it to do your homework in the library
     2. spend time with your friends
     3. use it to understand the assignment
     4. use it to make your day planner
  3. When students need some help, they should ______.
     1. never ask other teachers because it will hurt their own teachers
     2. always turn to their own teacher for help
     3. ask any good students at the subject in your school
     4. go to their teachers or other teachers teaching the same subject
  4. The main idea of the first three paragraphs is _________.
     1. to get help when you need it
     2. to do homework immediately
     3. to create a homework plan
     4. to ask your teachers for more explanation
  5. According to the passage, all of the following are correct EXCEPT that ________. A. it takes a student more than three hours a night if there is much homework.
     1. it is good to have the explanation in a different way
     2. you only do your homework at home between 1 and 3 hours a night
     3. it is very useful to take a minute to ask the teacher during or after class

1. Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it is as similar as possible in meaning to the original sentence. Use the word given and other words as necessary. Do not change the form of the given word.
   1. “What do you think about teenagers who dye their hai?” THOUGHT They asked me what I thought about teenagers who dyed their hair.
   2. It was quite surprising for us that he passed the exam. SURPRISED We were quite surprised that he passed the exam.
   3. “If I were you, I would tell her the truth”, said Phong to Khoa ADVISED Phong advised Khoa to tell her the truth.

Laura wondered whether she had met him before.

UNIT 4 LIFE IN THE PAST

A. NEW WORDS, STRUCTURES AND GRAMMAR

1. New words

1. Grammar:

Wishes for the present

1. Wishes for the present or future:

S1 + wish/ wishes + S2 + V (past simple)

E.g: I wish my friends spent less time playing computer games and more time outdoors.

1. Wishes for something that we want to be happening right at this moment.

S1 + wish/ wishes + S2 + V (past continuous)

E.g: My son wishes he were studying Marketing instead of Hospitality.

B. EXERCISES

1. Choose the word whose main stressed syllable is different from the rest. Circle the corresponding letter A, B, C or D.

1. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently. Circle the corresponding letter A, B, C or D.
2. A. women B. bench C. lend D. spend
3. A. brain B. lamb C. comb D. climb
4. A. phoned B. called C. cooked D. climbed
5. A. surface B. necklace C.face D. palace
6. A. chew B. news C. crew D. screw

III. Complete the sentence using “wish”.

1. He is very short. He ………….. he ………….. taller.
2. They don't have a car. They ………….. they ………….. a car.
3. He doesn't have any children. He ………….. he ………….. a child.
4. He is overweight. He ………….. he ………….. thinner.
5. I can't play the piano. I ………….. I ………….. play the piano.

IV. Complete with the right words given in the box. You can use the words more than once, there are some extra.

1. She used to …………………… with dolls when she was a child.
2. They didn't use to …………………… any sports.
3. He didn't use to …………………… a scrapbook.
4. When they were younger, they used to …………………… to the beach, ride a bike and collect comics.
5. I used to ……………………very shy, but I am not anymore.
6. After school, my friend and I used to …………………… chess and hide-and-seek.
7. I used to …………………… my vacation in a summer camp with my friends.
8. I used to …………………… a pet when I was 5 years old. Now I don't have it anymore.

V. Give the right tense of the verbs given and then fill in each space to complete the sentence.

1. I don't know where my wallet is. I wish I ……………….. where my wallet was. (know)
2. Michael is in the park playing with the older boys. I wish Michael ……………….. with them.

(play)

1. Things are not good in the country. I hope everything ……………….. better. (get)
2. I am tired of hearing your screaming. It is time you ……………….. screaming in my ear! (stop)
3. I can't go to the pool with my friends because I can't swim. Oh, I wish I ……………….. (swim)
4. Veronica doesn't like calling boys. I really wish she ……………….. me. I want to go out with her. (call)
5. David and Christian are at the cinema right now. I hope they ……………….. themselves, (enjoy)
6. You are a great guy Jimmy, but I don't love you. I wish I ……………….. you. (love)
7. This party is so boring and Gina is not coming. It is time I ……………….. I'm tired of being here. (leave)
8. Tommy is a great piano player. I wish I ……………….. the piano just like him. (play)

VI. Read the passage and answer what Molly Hornby used to do when she was young. Decide which ones are right or wrong.

“I was a young girl in the 1960s. My friends and I used to do a lot of things which shocked our parents. We used to do things our mothers never did. We cut our hair, we wore short skirts, we smoked, and went dancing. We danced to the music of Elvis Presley and the Beatles. We also got the chance to see the Beatles live at a concert once. It was amazing. My father went fishing once a week. He always wished that I would accompany him, but fishing was not my cup of tea. Instead my friends and I went for picnics in the surrounding area quite often. My

boyfriend had a car, a 1960 Ford Falcon, so he always picked us up and we often drove to

Brighton. We went to the pictures twice a week and I loved to watch films with Marlon Brando and Elizabeth Taylor, especially the 'Reflections in a Golden Eye' starring both of them. I still love to watch this film. It's my favourite. I can remember it all so clearly.” VII. Complete the passage with the words provided in the box.

All early television was broadcast in black and white. Colour television was possible, but it was too (1) ………… and of very (2) ………… quality (3) ………… the middle of the 1950s. Colour television broadcasts began in the United States in 1954, in Japan in 1960 and in Europe in 1967.

The first (4) ………… on the moon was broadcast (5) ………… on television in 1969, and now television programs are (6) ………… all over the world immediately through the (7)

………… of satellites that transmit the (8) ………… from the earth, through the (9) ………… and back to the earth.

More people now get their news and information through television than through newspapers and (10) ………… The development of television is (11) ………… of the most rapid and exciting (12) ………… of our century.

VIII. Choose the best options A, B, C or D to complete the passage.

It's hard to believe that (1) ………… had computers a few years ago. I wonder how people lived. There must have been a lot of (2) …………

I can't imagine writing everything by hand. I also wonder how everything worked (3) ………… computers. We need computers today for everything. Hospitals, airports, the police, etc. nothing can work without computers. I'm sure I'd be ten times busier than now if I didn't have a computer. Imagine having to find (4) …………… paper and an envelope and then walking down the street to mail a letter! I love my computer. It makes everything in my life so

(5) ……………... Sure, it freezes and crashes sometimes. Sure I lose some data. But that's not often. Most of the time my computer is like my best friend.

1. A. no one B. any one C. someone D. no body
2. A. paperworks B. work paper C. paperwork D. paper work
3. A. with B. without C. by D. in
4. A. pieces of B. a piece C. piece of D. a piece of
5. A. convenient B. convenience C. inconvenient D. inconvenience

1. There are 5 mistakes in this passage. Find out and correct them.

1. Write full sentences to make a passage, using the suggested words and phrases given.
2. I/ grow up/ small/ town/ northeast/ England/./

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

1. It / the coast /, / next / sea / . / And / now /1 / live / London /, / which / much / big / place / compare / to where / I / grew up /./

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

1. When / I / child /, /I / use / walk / everywhere / . / The / town / small / that / you / could / walk/ one side / other / and / you / never / really / need / car /. /

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

1. When /I / young / , / mealtimes / use / quite predictable /./ And / we'd / eat / similar / foods / every day /, / consist / meat /, / potatoes /, /root vegetables /, / whatever / season / time / . / …………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

1. We / never / used / have / very / varied meals /, / whereas / now / my diet / change/ a lot/. /

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

1. I /not /eat / meat / anymore /./

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

1. I / have / diet / that's all / vegetables / and / fruit / . /

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

1. I / more / adventure / what /1 / eat / now / than / what /1 / do / when / I / child / . /

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

XI. Write down at least five things you would change about your home if you were your father.

Example: If I were my father, I would let my son go to school by bicycle himself.

1. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… TEST 1 (UNIT 4)

1. Choose a word in each line that has a different stress pattern.

1. Fill in each blank in the passage with the correct verb/verb phrase from the box with the correct verb form.

Bamboo jacks, a girls’ game, includes ten thin, round bamboo sticks and a small tennis ball. The player (1) …………… the ball into the air. While the ball is in the air, she must quickly pick up the sticks and then (2) …………… the ball. In the first round, the player (3) …………… the sticks one by one. Next, she (4) …………… two sticks at a time, and so forth up to ten. In these stages she plays with only one hand.

The peak of the game is the last, most animated stage with all ten sticks in a bundle.

During this stage, the player tosses the ball and then (5) …………… the pack of sticks from one hand to the other. If a player's hands are not swift or if her eyes are not sharp, or if she (6) …………… to coordinate the two, she will (7) …………… her turn.

Playing bamboo jacks (8) …………… the body and (9) …………… a lot of fun. During summer or autumn, small girls (10) …………… it everywhere, from the shade of a village banyan tree to a deserted market stall.

1. Give the correct form of the word in CAPITALS to complete each of the following sentences.

1. Complete each of the following sentences with used to/ didn’t used to using the verbs from the box.

1. In my childhood, there …………………… so many high buildings here. There were parks.
2. People …………………… with pens, but now they use computers.
3. My brother …………………… football, but an injure stopped him from playing.
4. In my grandfather's youth, people …………………… by car. They rode horses.
5. I …………………… to school, but two weeks ago I got a bike so now I ride it every day.
6. My sister …………………… when we go to the beach because she was afraid of water.
7. Mr. Lam …………………… television in the morning. He did it in the evening.
8. David was a good climber in his youth. He …………………… very high mountains.
9. My parents …………………… me expensive toys as we were not rich.
10. We …………………… in the town market. We bought fish, fruit and vegetables.

V. Choose the correct option A, B, C, or D to complete the sentences.

1. Many children in our village are still …………………… They can't read or write.

A. creative B. illiterate C. unhealthy D. traditional

1. We usually …………………… ourselves by playing hike and seek or flying kites.

1. We all …………………… it were the weekend tomorrow.
   1. think B. hope C. wish D. want
2. I …………………… a teddy bear, but I don't have one now.
   1. used to having B. used to have C. was use to having D. was used to have
3. Minh wishes he …………………… English perfectly well.
   1. spoke B. speaks C. is speaking D. has spoken
4. They …………………… go on holiday when they lived in the countryside.
   1. not use to B. weren't use to C. didn't use to D. hadn't used to

VI. Fill in each gap in the passage with ONE suitable word.

Cat and Mouse Game

Each game requires between seven and ten people. They stand in a circle, hold hands and (1) …………… their hands above their (2) …………… Then they start singing the song. One person is chosen as the cat and (3) …………… as the mouse.

These two stand in the (4) …………… of the circle and lean against each other. When the others sing the last sentence of the song, the mouse starts to run, and the cat must run (5) …………… it. However, the cat must run in exactly the same route and manner (6) …………… the mouse. The cat (7) …………… the game when it catches the mouse. Then, the two exchange the roles. If the cat runs into the wrong hole, it (8) …………… be dismissed from that round. If it fails to catch the mouse in a certain (9) …………… of time (usually from three to five minutes for kindergarten-age children), it will (10) …………… its role with the mouse.

The game will then continue.

VII. Read the following passage and choose the best option for each blank to complete the passage.

Over the last century, there have been many significant changes in the way we are. Obviously, it is difficult to (1) ………… the life of ancient people and the life of the people living in the twenty-first century because so many changes have occurred. Then the changes that have (2) ………… over the last ten years are amazing.

People in the past were not (3) ………… to travel such long distances within such a short period of time. Nowadays, we have become very mobile. We have fast and (4) ………… cars. In addition, more and more people travel by plane.

Moreover, in the past people had to work harder as they did not have (5) ………… and machines to make their work easier. Today, most of the difficult and dangerous work is (6) ………… by computers and other powerful machines. In the past (7) ………… of living were not as comfortable as they are now. Besides many people could not afford (8) ………… appliances like a fridge or a vacuum cleaner because those used to be luxurious goods. Another difference (9) ………… living now and in the past is the fact that nowadays education is accessible to everyone. In the past men were mainly the only ones educated and women were not (10) ………… into public or private schools.

1. A. predict B. discuss C. compare D. suppose
2. A. occurred B. considered C. expressed D. arranged
3. A. used B. able C. might D. capable
4. A. skillful B. difficult C. historical D. comfortable
5. A. rules B. tools C. teams D. ideas
6. A. thought B. played C. done D. seen
7. A. conditions B. performances C. stories D. conflicts
8. A. mobile B. physical C. bare-footed D. household
9. A. within B. among C. between D. behind
10. A. allowed B. attended C. agreed D. appeared

VIII. Read the following passage and answer the questions.

My grandmother is more than ninety years old, which makes her the oldest person in the whole family. Despite her old age, her memory is still fresh. She always tells us that many things used to be different when she was young.

My grandma used to begin her day very early. She used to start her day at 4 o'clock while everybody else was still in beds. She used to do all the housework by herself. She used to make clothes for her children and as for her outdoor work, she used to raise some chickens and sheep and she also used to help the males to grow vegetables.

There didn't use to be many pastime activities. Her hobby used to be listening to the radio. In the evening all the family used to sit by the fire in the sitting room where all the family gathered at night to tell tales or discuss family matters such as weddings, harvest time or to assign the next day's work.

When a member of the family was ill, she used to show him which herbs to use. She collected them from the near forest or from the mountain. My grandma used to know so many effective methods to cure illnesses.

1. How is the memory of the writer's grandmother?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

1. What time did she use to start her day?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

1. What did she use to do in her pastimes?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

1. Where did her family use to sit in the evening?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

1. What did she usually do when a member of the family was ill?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

IX. Read the text, and identify whether the statements are True (T), False (F), or Not Given (NG).

On September 2,1945, Viet Nam gained independence from France. President Ho Chi Minh decided that the three key priorities of the new, independent government would be: fighting against poverty, illiteracy, and invaders. His new driving philosophy for education was “an illiterate nation is a powerless one”, and in October 1945 he issued a “Call for antiilliteracy”. The President’s call was a success. Within one year, 75 thousand literacy classes were established with about 96 thousand teachers to help 2.5 million people learn to read and write.

During the years of French resistance (1946-1954), schools operated in demilitarized areas. They stopped teaching in French and created curriculum in Vietnamese. The government passed an education reform in 1950 with the goal of reducing the years of general education and concentrating on reading, writing, and calculating skills.

T F NG

1. One of the priorities was to make sure that people could read and write. ☐ ☐ ☐

without fighting.

X. Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it is as similar as possible in meaning to the original sentence. Use the word given and other words as necessary. Do not change the form of the given word.

1. He had a lot of money, but now he doesn't. USED

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

1. The boys want to win the football match. WISH

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

1. Did you always eat sweets when you were small? USE

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

1. She dreams to spend her vacation in Ha Long Bay. WISHES

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

1. They didn't use to drink coffee when we lived in Japan. NEVER

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

XI. Use the information below to write two short paragraphs (around 50 words each) about John and Paula. Use ‘used to’ and ‘didn’t use to’ to talk about their activities in the past.

JOHN

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

PAULA

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….

TEST 2 (UNIT 4)

I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.

1. A. artic B. occasion C. face D. behave
2. A. event B. vendor C. collect D. gap
3. A. dogsled B. post C. preserve D. strict

II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.

1. A. dogsled B. downtown C. igloo D. fatal
2. A. illiterate B. entertainment C. ability D. especially

III. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete each sentence.

1. They like playing tug-of-war and cat and mouse game ………… because playing these games with the friends is …………
   1. almost - funny B. almost - fun C. most - fun D. most - funny
2. Traditional games ………… an important role in children's intellectual life.
   1. play B. take C. bring D. make
3. Whenever …………Vietnamese village festivals, you will have a chance to watch a traditional game - human chess - which is the favourite to a great deal of Vietnamese people.
   1. participating B. taking place C. taking part D. taking part in
4. Traditional games ………… as an effective but simple educational method for centuries.
   1. were used B. used to used C. had used D. have been used
5. Raising roosters for cockfighting ………… heavy investments in time and labour.
   1. requests B. requires C. satisfies D. asks
6. The folk ………… of top spinning still attracts city children despite the popularity of modern games such as bowling, skateboarding, billiards and video games.
   1. pastime B. ceremony C. activity D. enjoyment
7. Although spinning tops are among the simplest of toys, children ………… it one of the most vivid and exciting games.
   1. allow B. let C. make D. keep
8. Women have walked dozens of kilometres to the market ………… twenty- or thirty-kilogram loads in shoulder poles for generations.
   1. carry B. to carry C. to be carried D. carrying
9. Cyclo, a sort of tricycle rickshaw, ………… the most popular means of transport in Viet Nam in the past.
   1. was B. used to C. used to be D. would be
10. We wish LCD projectors ………… still expensive.
    1. haven’t been B. are not C. were not D. hadn’t been

1. Fill in each blank in the passage with the correct word from the box. There are some extra words.

Ha Noi’s Old Quarter was established hundreds of years ago on the east side of the ancient Thang Long citadel.

In the old days, the Old Quarter, a system of narrow streets, alleys and houses, was (1) ………… to several guilds such as bronze casting, forging, jewelry making, wood carving, silk and clothes trading. Small, beautifully styled houses built along with a (2) ………… local culture. Sheets in the Old Quarter still have names describing their original goods or craft, for example, Hang Bac or “Silver Street”. The ground-floor shops of the (3) ………… here now sell handicrafts, fine arts, and food. But the quarter also has a number of pagodas, temples, (4) ………… relics, and festivals dedicated to the founders of some of the local crafts. Now, many guild streets, like Hang Quat street, don’t make fans anymore, but they are remembered as craft streets. The architecture and lifestyle of the local people reflect typical (5) ………… of traditional guild streets in Ha Noi.

1. Read the situations and write wishes you want to make for them.
2. Many schools are overcrowded because there are so many children in Viet Nam.
   1. wish …………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. My school has no playground equipment or extra activities.
   1. wish …………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. In the Mekong Delta, small children go through some foot bridges in order to get to school.
   1. wish …………………………………………………………………………………………..
5. Kindergarten teachers don’t have training courses in making handmade teaching materials.
   1. wish …………………………………………………………………………………………..
6. Children from poor families can’t go to school because they have to earn money to support their families.
   1. wish …………………………………………………………………………………………..

VI. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage.

The Game of Squares

Either boys or girls, usually aged from seven to ten, play the two-person game of "Mandarin's Box". They draw a rectangle on the ground and (1) ………… it into ten small squares called "rice fields" or "fish ponds”.

They also draw two additional semi-circular boxes at the two (2) ………… of the rectangle, which are called "mandarin's boxes" - the game's name. Each person has 25 small pebbles and a bigger stone.

Each player places the stone in one of the mandarin's boxes and five small pebbles in each of the other squares. Then the game begins. The first player takes up the contents of one square on his or her side of the board, but not a mandarin's box and distributes the pebbles one by one, (3) ………… the next Square in (4) ………… direction. Since each square contains five pebbles at the beginning, the first move will distribute five pebbles to the left or right.

After the last pebble is distributed, the player takes the contents of the following square and repeats the distribution (5) ………… But if the following square is one of the mandarin's boxes, the turn ends and passes to the other player.

If the last pebble falls into a square that precedes one empty square, the player wins all the contents of the square following the empty square and (6) ………… these pebbles from the board. However, if there are two or more empty squares in a row, the player (7) ………… his or her turn.

Once a player has taken pebbles from the board, the turn is (8) ………… to the other player. If all five squares on one player's side of the board are emptied at any time, that player must place one pebble he or she has aside back in each of the five squares so that the game can resume. The game (9)

………… until the two mandarins' boxes have both been (10) ………… At the end of the game, the player with more pebbles wins, each of the large stones counting as ten points.

1. A. share B. divide C. separate D. leave
2. A. ends B. aims C. small points D. stops
3. A. start B. to start C. starting D. having started
4. A. no B. all C. both D. either
5. A. actions B. process C. change D. method
6. A. removes B. disappears C. leaves D. ends
7. A. wins B. succeeds C. fails D. loses
8. A. gone B. made C. passed D. rewarded
9. A. starts B. continues C. stops D. pauses
10. A. held B. moved C. taken D. accepted

VII. Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question.

Viet Nam's Past Educational System

In comparison with other developing countries, Viet Nam’s population enjoys a relatively high standard of education. In the past, Viet Nam’s educational system was affected by many cultures, of which the Chinese and French had most significant influence.

The Imperial Academy - the first university in Viet Nam - was built in 1076 under Emperor Ly Nhan Tong for the education of sons of royalty and other high-ranking officials. In 1252, the college was opened to students from various backgrounds besides royal or official ones.

Before the French came, the old-type Mandarin system administered Viet Nam for approximately 2,000 years. As the French took over the government’s administration, it was converted from a Confucian system into a Western-oriented one.

In order to participate in the civil service under the French rule, the Vietnamese had to convert to the French system and were required to know the French language. In addition, they had to have a good facility with the new version of their language instead of the traditional Chinese characters which had been in use for hundreds of years.

At the beginning of 1900, the whole system was revised. An educational system of three levels was established: elementary, primary, and secondary education. In addition, the use of the national language (Quoc Ngu) was added to the curriculum. Emphasis was placed on rote learning, class discipline and other French educational methods. Several new schools and colleges were established.

Accordingly, French became the second language of much importance to the students.

1. In the past, Viet Nam enjoyed a relatively high standard of education with ……………
   1. the effects of the Chinese culture
   2. the reign of Emperor Ly Nhan Tong
   3. the education of sons of royalty
   4. the establishment of the Imperial Academy
2. When the French took control of Vietnamese education, they …………….
   1. made Vietnamese people follow a Western-oriented education B. kept the old-type Mandarin system and the French education C. converted the French System into the Confucian one

D. took over the government’s administration

1. We can infer from the passage that in the French educational system in Viet Nam, ……. .
   1. the traditional Chinese characters have been widely used
   2. the Confucian system was banned in the beginning
   3. the national language is the first language and French is the second one
   4. students with different academic levels could attend the Imperial Academy since 1252
2. All of the following are true about the education in Viet Nam under the French rule EXCEPT that ………
   1. the system had three levels
   2. students only used the national language at home
   3. most students paid much attention to French
   4. several new schools and colleges were established
3. The phrase “rote learning” in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to ………….
   1. learning class discipline
   2. learning the Mandarin Chinese for a while
   3. learning something to repeat it from memory
   4. learning the national language in three education levels

VIII. Write complete sentences, using the words/ phrases given in their correct forms. You can add some more necessary words, but you have to use all the words given.

1. With/ whiteboard/ classroom/ every student/ take part/ lessons.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

1. Mistakes/ which/ made/ during guided practice/ easily erased.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

1. Nowadays/ smart boards/ provide/ students/ interactive learning environment.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

1. Students/ see more diagrams/ charts/ videos/ Internet.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

1. Smart boards/ also/ help/ students/ use/ fingers/ write directly/ them.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

TEST 3 (UNIT 4)

I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.

1. A. snack B. illiterate C. activity D. habit
2. A. fresh B. specific C. entertain D. preservation
3. A. seniority B. seek C. west D. physical

II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.

1. A. facility B. traditional C. historical D. television
2. A. tuberculosis B. seniority C. possibility D. technological

III. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete each sentence.

1. Despite changes brought on by industrialisation and modernisation, shoulder poles …………… the main carriers of 80 percent of the rural population.
   1. continue B. exist C. stay D. remain
2. The image of an old lady with the traditional ao dai on a rickshaw on her way back from the market is still so ……………. for Vietnamese people.
   1. meaning B. meaningful C. meaningless D. meaningfulness
3. Furthermore, traditional …………… help to develop their senses, memory, thoughts, imagination, linguistic capacity and basic concepts about the national culture.
   1. habits B. games C. customs D. practices
4. Working as street vendors has created countless jobs, and it has become …………. in Ha Noi.
   1. part of life B. parts of life C. part of lives D. life parts
5. “Quang ganh” is two baskets hung from either end of a bamboo pole ……………. the shoulders.
   1. across B. at C. on D. above
6. Viet Nam’s tug-of-war game was also ……………. as a UNESCO cultural intangible heritage of humanity in December 2015.
   1. realised B. recognised C. allowed D. seen
7. People in Bac Ninh province believe that if the tug-of-war team facing the east wins, it will bring bumper crops and good luck, and that the situation will be just the ……………. if the team facing the west wins.
   1. different B. same C. other D. opposite
8. The first university that ………………. the western educational system was built in Ha Noi, in 1919 with the medicine school and 1933 with the law school.
   1. requested B. applied C. applied to D. related
9. In the past, white, or violet ao dai …………. by Vietnamese female students as their uniforms.

1. Fill in each blank in the passage with the correct word from the box. There are some extra words.

Through centuries, one of the most (1) …………….. elements of a Vietnamese village has been its gate. However, the image is fast disappearing due to rapid urbanisation. One way of keeping the image alive is via photography. A(n) (2) …………….. entitled “Old Gates” consisted of nearly 700 photos taken of typical village gates in northern Viet Nam, which opened in Ha Noi on the (3) …………….. of the National Cultural Heritage Day. Villages in the north usually have a main gate and one leading to the rice fields alongside minor gates. Many have disappeared forever. Gates differ depending on typical village (4) ……………... A major trading village such as Cu Da in Ha Noi would have a sizeable gate while more (5) ……………..

villages would have their gates engraved and decorated.

1. Read the situations and write wishes you want to make for them.
2. The school authorities can’t set holidays based on local weather conditions.
   1. wish …………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. That university often doesn’t attract enough enrolments for the new school year.
   1. wish …………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. We can’t study the books written by famous scholars in the Ly and Tran dynasties because Chinese Ming aggressors took them to China.
   1. wish …………………………………………………………………………………………..
5. Many small children don’t learn how to swim so they often suffer-from drowning.
   1. wish …………………………………………………………………………………………..
6. Many graduates from colleges don’t have enough skills to meet the requirements of their jobs.
   1. wish …………………………………………………………………………………………..

VI. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits each blank space in the following passage.

Rickshaw in Vietnamese Life

It is just simple and ordinary as its (1) ……………... No noisy sound from engines, no obscure smoke and no spending too much for commuting. From a long time ago, Vietnamese people have thought of the rickshaw as a (2) ……………... means of transportation when going out. It is not only close-knit to Vietnamese but also connected strongly with the foreigners (3) ……………... all of them were attracted by this unique means at the first time visiting Viet Nam.

The rickshaw has existed for a long time in Vietnamese life, and become quite necessary as the (4) ……………... in a body. Not only the Vietnamese feel (5) ……………... to rickshaw, foreigners are also impressed by this unique vehicle. They will be fond of sitting on the rickshaw for a (6) ……………... tour around Sword Lake or around on the streets to (7) ……………... dreamy and peaceful photos in the ancient citadel.

Traveling in a rickshaw is the time for peacefully (8) ……………... windy sunset and bright sunrises on the beach of Nha Trang or Da Nang or elsewhere. How pleasant it is for you to enjoy a relaxing feeling on the short (9) ……………... trip.

Viet Nam is becoming more and more modem; however, rickshaw still (10) ……………...

through the time and has a stand in the minds of the residents.

1. A, presence B. appearance C. judgment D. performance
2. A. shared B. recognized C. friendly D. familiar
3. A. although B. as C. but D. while
4. A. breath B. air C. rest D. recovery
5. A. close B. closed C. closest D. closing
6. A. sight B. sighting C. sightseeing D. sightseer
7. A. catch B. take C. bring D. keep
8. A. welcome B. welcoming C. welcomed D. being welcomed
9. A. city B. town C. urban D. field
10. A. keeps B. continues C. lives D. survives

VII. Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D to each question.

For formal ceremonies, men would have two additional items, a long gown with slits on either side, and a turban, usually in black or brown made of cotton or silk. In feudal times, there were strict dress codes. Ordinary people were not allowed to wear clothes with dyes rather than black, brown or white. Costumes in yellow were reserved for the King. Those in purple and red were reserved for high - ranking court officials, while dresses in blue were exclusively worn by petty court officials. Men's dress has gradually changed along with social development.

The traditional set of a long gown and turban gave way to more modern-looking suits, while business shirts and trousers have replaced traditional long sleeved shirts and wide trousers. Traditional costumes still exist and efforts are increasingly being made to restore traditional festivals and entertainment which incorporate traditional costumes.

For women, the outer garment is a special silk gown called an “ao tu than” which is brown or light brown in colour with four slits divided equally on its lower section. The second layer is a gown in a light yellow colour and the third layer is a pink gown. When a woman wears her three gowns, she fastens the buttons on the side, and leave those on the chest unfastened so that it forms a shaped collar. This allows her to show the different colors on the upper part of the three gowns. Today, on formal occasions women wear “ao dai”.

1. In the past, the colour was used to represent ………………
   1. the difference between men and women B. formal ceremonies

C. the social development D. the rank in the society

1. In the past, for formal ceremonies men wore ………………
   1. costumes in purple or yellow not like the King
   2. a long gown and a turban in black or brown
   3. costumes made of red cotton or silk
   4. dresses in blue as petty court officials
2. Traditional festivals ………………
   1. promote traditional costumes B. encourage modem-looking suits

C. replace traditional suits by business ones D. make men’s dresses change

1. All of the following are true about women’s traditional costumes EXCEPT that ……………..
   1. the gowns have different colours on the upper part
   2. we can see a shaped collar in the front
   3. the two inner gowns cannot be seen
   4. the outer gown has four equal parts on its lower section
2. The word “gown” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ……………….
   1. a long dress worn on formal occasions
   2. a woman’s dress, especially a long one
   3. a long piece of clothing worn by judges
   4. a piece of clothing that is worn over other clothes to protect them

VIII. Write complete sentences, using the words/ phrases given in their correct forms. You can add some more necessary words, but you have to use all the words given.

1. traditional library/ function/ storage/ preservation/ physical items/ particularly books/ periodicals.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

1. Books/ shelves/ divided/ based/ subjects/ and/ readers/ travel/ library/ borrow books. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. For/ digital library/ readers/ get/ access/ materials/ house/ Internet.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

1. Readers/ browse/ materials/ based/ hyperlinks/ or keywords.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

1. With/ digital library/ we/ read/ all the books/ which/ published/ world.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

ANSWER KEYS (UNIT 4)

LIFE IN THE PAST

A. NEW WORDS, STRUCTURES AND GRAMMAR

1. New words

1. Grammar:

Wishes for the present

1. Wishes for the present or future:

S1 + wish/ wishes + S2 + V (past simple)

E.g: I wish my friends spent less time playing computer games and more time outdoors.

1. Wishes for something that we want to be happening right at this moment.

S1 + wish/ wishes + S2 + V (past continuous)

E.g: My son wishes he were studying Marketing instead of Hospitality.

B. EXERCISES

1. Choose the word whose main stressed syllable is different from the rest. Circle the corresponding letter A, B, C or D.

1. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently. Circle the corresponding letter A, B, C or D.
2. A. women B. bench C. lend D. spend
3. A. brain B. lamb C. comb D. climb
4. A. phoned B. called C. cooked D. climbed
5. A. surface B. necklace C. face D. palace
6. A. chew B. news C. crew D. screw

III. Complete the sentence using “wish”.

1. He is very short. He ……wishes…….. he ……were…….. taller.
2. They don't have a car. They ……wish…….. they ……had…….. a car.
3. He doesn't have any children. He …wishes……….. he ……had…….. a child.
4. He is overweight. He …… wishes …….. he …… were …….. thinner.
5. I can't play the piano. I …… wish …….. I ……could…….. play the piano.

IV. Complete with the right words given in the box. You can use the words more than once, there are some extra.

1. She used to …………play………… with dolls when she was a child.
2. They didn't use to ………play…………… any sports.
3. He didn't use to …………have………… a scrapbook.
4. When they were younger, they used to …………go………… to the beach, ride a bike and collect comics.
5. I used to ………be……………very shy, but I am not anymore.
6. After school, my friend and I used to ………play…………… chess and hide-and-seek.
7. I used to …………spend………… my vacation in a summer camp with my friends.
8. I used to ………have…………… a pet when I was 5 years old. Now I don't have it anymore.

V. Give the right tense of the verbs given and then fill in each space to complete the sentence.

1. I don't know where my wallet is. I wish I ……knew………….. where my wallet was. (know) 2. Michael is in the park playing with the older boys. I wish Michael ……weren’t playing………….. with them. (play)

3. Things are not good in the country. I hope everything ……will get………….. better. (get) 4. I am tired of hearing your screaming. It is time you ………stopped……….. screaming in my ear! (stop)

1. I can't go to the pool with my friends because I can't swim. Oh, I wish I ……could swim………….. (swim)
2. Veronica doesn't like calling boys. I really wish she ………could call……….. me. I want to go out with her. (call)
3. David and Christian are at the cinema right now. I hope they ……will enjoy…………..

themselves, (enjoy)

1. You are a great guy Jimmy, but I don't love you. I wish I ………loved……….. you. (love)
2. This party is so boring and Gina is not coming. It is time I ………left……….. I'm tired of being here. (leave)
3. Tommy is a great piano player. I wish I ……could play………….. the piano just like him. (play)

1. Read the passage and answer what Molly Hornby used to do when she was young. Decide which ones are right or wrong.

“I was a young girl in the 1960s. My friends and I used to do a lot of things which shocked our parents. We used to do things our mothers never did. We cut our hair, we wore short skirts, we smoked, and went dancing. We danced to the music of Elvis Presley and the Beatles. We also got the chance to see the Beatles live at a concert once. It was amazing. My father went fishing once a week. He always wished that I would accompany him, but fishing was not my cup of tea. Instead my friends and I went for picnics in the surrounding area quite often. My boyfriend had a car, a 1960 Ford Falcon, so he always picked us up and we often drove to Brighton. We went to the pictures twice a week and I loved to watch films with Marlon Brando and Elizabeth Taylor, especially the 'Reflections in a Golden Eye' starring both of them. I still love to watch this film. It's my favourite. I can remember it all so clearly.”

1. Complete the passage with the words provided in the box.

All early television was broadcast in black and white. Colour television was possible, but it was too (1) …… expensive …… and of very (2) …… …… quality (3) … until ……… the middle of the 1950s. Colour television broadcasts began in the United States in 1954, in Japan in 1960 and in Europe in 1967.

The first (4) …… landing …… on the moon was broadcast (5) …… live …… on television in 1969, and now television programs are (6) … transmitted ……… all over the world immediately through the (7) …… use …… of satellites that transmit the (8) …… signals

…… from the earth, through the (9) …… space …… and back to the earth.

More people now get their news and information through television than through newspapers and (10) …… radio …… The development of television is (11) …… one …… of the most rapid and exciting (12) …… events …… of our century.

VIII. Choose the best options A, B, C or D to complete the passage.

It's hard to believe that (1) ………… had computers a few years ago. I wonder how people lived. There must have been a lot of (2) …………

I can't imagine writing everything by hand. I also wonder how everything worked (3) ………… computers. We need computers today for everything. Hospitals, airports, the police, etc. nothing can work without computers. I'm sure I'd be ten times busier than now if I didn't have a computer. Imagine having to find (4) …………… paper and an envelope and then walking down the street to mail a letter! I love my computer. It makes everything in my life so

(5) ……………... Sure, it freezes and crashes sometimes. Sure I lose some data. But that's not often. Most of the time my computer is like my best friend.

1. There are 5 mistakes in this passage. Find out and correct them.

1. Write full sentences to make a passage, using the suggested words and phrases given.

1. I/ grow up/ small/ town/ northeast/ England/./

I grew up in a small town in the northeast of England.

1. It / the coast /, / next / sea / . / And / now /1 / live / London /, / which / much / big / place / compare / to where / I / grew up /./

It was by the coast, next to the sea. And now I live in London, which is a much, much bigger place compared to where I grew up.

1. When / I / child /, /I / use / walk / everywhere / . / The / town / small / that / you / could / walk/ one side / other / and / you / never / really / need / car /. /

When I was a child, I used to walk everywhere. The town was so small that you could walk from one side to the other and you never really needed a car.

1. When /I / young / , / mealtimes / use / quite predictable /./ And / we'd / eat / similar / foods / every day /, / consist / meat /, / potatoes /, /root vegetables /, / whatever / season / time / . /

When I was young, mealtimes used to be quite predictable. And we'd eat similar foods every day, consisting of meat, potatoes, root vegetables, whatever was in season at the time.

1. We / never / used / have / very / varied meals /, / whereas / now / my diet / change/ a lot/. / We never used to have very varied meals, whereas now my diet's changed a lot.
2. I /not /eat / meat / anymore /./ I don't eat meat anymore.
3. I / have / diet / that's all / vegetables / and / fruit / . /

I have a diet that's all about vegetables and fruit.

8. I / more / adventure / what /1 / eat / now / than / what /1 / do / when / I / child / . / I'm more adventurous in what I eat now than what I did when I was a child.

XI. Write down at least five things you would change about your home if you were your father.

Example: If I were my father, I would let my son go to school by bicycle himself.

1. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………

TEST 1 (UNIT 4)

I. Choose a word in each line that has a different stress pattern.

1. A. surprise B. event C. behave D. damage

1. A. develop . imagine D. consider
2. A. illiterate B. communicate C. entertainment D. traditional
3. A. programme B. downtown C. postman D. custom

5.

II. Fill in each blank in the passage with the correct verb/verb phrase from the box with the correct verb form.

Bamboo jacks, a girls’ game, includes ten thin, round bamboo sticks and a small tennis ball. The player (1) …… the ball into the air. While the ball is in the air, she must quickly pick up the sticks and then (2) the ball. In the first round, the player (3)

……two sticks at a time, and so forth up to ten. In these stages she plays with only one hand.

The peak of the game is the last, most animated stage with all ten sticks in a bundle.

During this stage, the player tosses the ball and then (5) ……transfers……… the pack of sticks from one hand to the other. If a player's hands are not swift or if her eyes are not sharp, or if she

(6) ……her turn.

Playing bamboo jacks (8) …a

lot of fun. During summer or autumn, small girls (10) …play………… it everywhere, from the shade of a village banyan tree to a deserted market stall.

III. Give the correct form of the word in CAPITALS to complete each of the following sentences. 1. You have to use your ………imagination……………. when you read the story. IMAGINE

2. I think corporal ………punishment…………… is now prohibited in schools.

PUNISH

1. …Traditionally…………………, we used to cook five-colour sticky rice on the

TRADITION

first day of the lunar month.

1. Tom says he can't put up with Mary's ………behaviour…………… any longer. attendants………………… over there are friends of both the bride and BEHAVE
2. Those …

……childhood………………

1. I think riding a bicycle is ……inconvenient……………… especially when it rains. CHILD
2. She said that in her village ……marriages……………… used to be arranged by

parents.

CONVENIENCE

1. Thirty years ago only ……wealthy……………… people in the city had the television.
2. We used to …think………………… of our home village when we lived

MARRY

overseas.

WEALTH

THOUGHT

IV. Complete each of the following sentences with used to/ didn’t used to using the verbs from the box.

1. In my childhood, there ……didn’t use to be……………… so many high buildings here. There were parks.
2. People ………used to write…………… with pens, but now they use computers.
3. My brother ……used to play……………… football, but an injure stopped him from playing.
4. In my grandfather's youth, people ………didn’t use to travel…………… by car. They rode horses.
5. I ………used to walk…………… to school, but two weeks ago I got a bike so now I ride it every day.
6. My sister ……didn’t use to swim……………… when we go to the beach because she was afraid of water.
7. Mr. Lam …………didn’t use to watch………… television in the morning. He did it in the evening.
8. David was a good climber in his youth. He …used to climb………………… very high mountains.
9. My parents ……didn’t use to buy……………… me expensive toys as we were not rich.
10. We ………used to shop…………… in the town market. We bought fish, fruit and vegetables.

V. Choose the correct option A, B, C, or D to complete the sentences.

1. Many children in our village are still …………………… They can't read or write.
   1. creative B. illiterate C. unhealthy D. traditional
2. We usually …………………… ourselves by playing hike and seek or flying kites.

• 1. habit B. custom C. practice D. generation

4. The children started to …………………… each part of the story.

1. go out B. act out C. play out D. cry out

1. How cool! D. I can't imagine that.
2. We all …………………… it were the weekend tomorrow.
   1. think B. hope C. wish D. want
3. I …………………… a teddy bear, but I don't have one now.
   1. used to having B. used to have C. was use to having D. was used to have
4. Minh wishes he …………………… English perfectly well.
   1. spoke B. speaks C. is speaking D. has spoken
5. They …………………… go on holiday when they lived in the countryside.
   1. not use to B. weren't use to C. didn't use to D. hadn't used to

VI. Fill in each gap in the passage with ONE suitable word.

Cat and Mouse Game

Each game requires between seven and ten people. They stand in a circle, hold hands and

(1) ……Then they start singing the

song. One person is chosen as the cat and (3) ……as the mouse.

These two stand in the (4) …… of the circle and lean against each other. When the others sing the last sentence of the song, the mouse starts to run, and the cat must run (5) …… it. However, the cat must run in exactly the same route and

manner (6) ……the game when it catches the mouse. Then, the two exchange the roles. If the cat runs into the wrong hole, it (8) ……be dismissed from that round. If it fails to catch the mouse in a certain (9) ………

children), it will (10) …… continue.

VII. Read the following passage and choose the best option for each blank to complete the passage.

Over the last century, there have been many significant changes in the way we are. Obviously, it is difficult to (1) ………… the life of ancient people and the life of the people living in the twenty-first century because so many changes have occurred. Then the changes that have (2) ………… over the last ten years are amazing.

People in the past were not (3) ………… to travel such long distances within such a short period of time. Nowadays, we have become very mobile. We have fast and (4) ………… cars. In addition, more and more people travel by plane.

Moreover, in the past people had to work harder as they did not have (5) ………… and machines to make their work easier. Today, most of the difficult and dangerous work is (6) ………… by computers and other powerful machines. In the past (7) ………… of living were not as comfortable as they are now. Besides many people could not afford (8) ………… appliances like a fridge or a vacuum cleaner because those used to be luxurious goods. Another difference (9) ………… living now and in the past is the fact that nowadays education is accessible to everyone. In the past men were mainly the only ones educated and women were not (10) ………… into public or private schools.

1. A. predict B. discuss C. compare D. suppose
2. A. occurred B. considered C. expressed D. arranged
3. A. used B. able C. might D. capable
4. A. skillful B. difficult C. historical D. comfortable
5. A. rules B. tools C. teams D. ideas
6. A. thought B. played C. done D. seen
7. A. conditions B. performances C. stories D. conflicts
8. A. mobile B. physical C. bare-footed D. household
9. A. within B. among C. between D. behind
10. A. allowed B. attended C. agreed D. appeared

VIII. Read the following passage and answer the questions.

My grandmother is more than ninety years old, which makes her the oldest person in the whole family. Despite her old age, her memory is still fresh. She always tells us that many things used to be different when she was young.

My grandma used to begin her day very early. She used to start her day at 4 o'clock while everybody else was still in beds. She used to do all the housework by herself. She used to make clothes for her children and as for her outdoor work, she used to raise some chickens and sheep and she also used to help the males to grow vegetables.

There didn't use to be many pastime activities. Her hobby used to be listening to the radio. In the evening all the family used to sit by the fire in the sitting room where all the family gathered at night to tell tales or discuss family matters such as weddings, harvest time or to assign the next day's work.

When a member of the family was ill, she used to show him which herbs to use. She collected them from the near forest or from the mountain. My grandma used to know so many effective methods to cure illnesses.

1. How is the memory of the writer's grandmother?

………It is still fresh. …………………………………………………………………………………

1. What time did she use to start her day?

…………She used to start her day at 4 o’clock.………………………..………………………………

1. What did she use to do in her pastimes?

………………She used to listen to the radio.…………………………………………………………

1. Where did her family use to sit in the evening?

………………They used to sit by the fire in the sitting room …………………………………………

1. What did she usually do when a member of the family was ill?

……She usually showed him which herbs to use to cure the illness.

………………………………………

1. Read the text, and identify whether the statements are True (T), False (F), or Not Given (NG). On September 2,1945, Viet Nam gained independence from France. President Ho Chi Minh decided that the three key priorities of the new, independent government would be: fighting against poverty, illiteracy, and invaders. His new driving philosophy for education was “an illiterate nation is a powerless one”, and in October 1945 he issued a “Call for antiilliteracy”. The President’s call was a success. Within one year, 75 thousand literacy classes were established with about 96 thousand teachers to help 2.5 million people learn to read and write.

During the years of French resistance (1946-1954), schools operated in demilitarized areas. They stopped teaching in French and created curriculum in Vietnamese. The government passed an education reform in 1950 with the goal of reducing the years of general education and concentrating on reading, writing, and calculating skills.

T F NG

without fighting.

1. Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it is as similar as possible in meaning to the original sentence. Use the word given and other words as necessary. Do not change the form of the given word.

1. He had a lot of money, but now he doesn't. USED

………He used to have a lot of money, but now he doesn’t. …………………………………………

1. The boys want to win the football match. WISH

……………The boys wish they won the football match.………………………………………………… 3. Did you always eat sweets when you were small? USE

……………Did you use to eat sweets when you were small.……………………… ……………

1. She dreams to spend her vacation in Ha Long Bay. WISHES

………She wishes she spent her vacation in Ha Long Bay.………………… …………………

1. They didn't use to drink coffee when we lived in Japan. NEVER

…They never used to drink coffee when they lived in Japan. ………………………………………

XI. Use the information below to write two short paragraphs (around 50 words each) about John and Paula. Use ‘used to’ and ‘didn’t use to’ to talk about their activities in the past.

JOHN

I'm John. When I was younger I used to go to school. I used to play football and tennis. I loved sports. I also used to read a lot of books. Now, I don't like reading books and I never play sports. I'm too tired after work! (47 words)

PAULA

When I was younger I used to live in Spain, that's where I was born. Now I live in Dublin, Ireland. I used to have problems speaking English, but now I understand everything people say to me. At weekends I used to stay at home with my family, but now I often go out with my friends. (57 words)

TEST 2 (UNIT 4)

I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.

1. A. artic B. occasion C. face D. behave
2. A. event B. vendor C. collect D. gap
3. A. dogsled B. post C. preserve D. strict

II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.

1. A. dogsled B. downtown C. igloo D. fatal
2. A. illiterate B. entertainment C. ability D. especially

III. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete each sentence.

1. They like playing tug-of-war and cat and mouse game ………… because playing these games with the friends is …………
   1. almost - funny B. almost - fun C. most - fun D. most - funny
2. Traditional games ………… an important role in children's intellectual life.
   1. play B. take C. bring D. make
3. Whenever …………Vietnamese village festivals, you will have a chance to watch a traditional game - human chess - which is the favourite to a great deal of Vietnamese people.
   1. participating B. taking place C. taking part D. taking part in
4. Traditional games ………… as an effective but simple educational method for centuries.
   1. were used B. used to used C. had used D. have been used
5. Raising roosters for cockfighting ………… heavy investments in time and labour.
   1. requests B. requires C. satisfies D. asks
6. The folk ………… of top spinning still attracts city children despite the popularity of modern games such as bowling, skateboarding, billiards and video games.
   1. pastime B. ceremony C. activity D. enjoyment
7. Although spinning tops are among the simplest of toys, children ………… it one of the most vivid and exciting games.
   1. allow B. let C. make D. keep
8. Women have walked dozens of kilometres to the market ………… twenty- or thirty-kilogram loads in shoulder poles for generations.
   1. carry B. to carry C. to be carried D. carrying
9. Cyclo, a sort of tricycle rickshaw, ………… the most popular means of transport in Viet Nam in the past.
   1. was B. used to C. used to be D. would be
10. We wish LCD projectors ………… still expensive.
    1. haven’t been B. are not C. were not D. hadn’t been

1. Fill in each blank in the passage with the correct word from the box. There are some extra words.

Ha Noi’s Old Quarter was established hundreds of years ago on the east side of the ancient Thang Long citadel.

In the old days, the Old Quarter, a system of narrow streets, alleys and houses, was (1) … home ……… to several guilds such as bronze casting, forging, jewelry making, wood carving, silk and clothes trading. Small, beautifully styled houses built along with a (2) … unique ……… local culture. Sheets in the Old Quarter still have names describing their original goods or craft, for example, Hang Bac or “Silver Street”. The ground-floor shops of the (3) … houses ……… here now sell handicrafts, fine arts, and food. But the quarter also has a number of pagodas, temples, (4) … historical ……… relics, and festivals dedicated to the founders of some of the local crafts. Now, many guild streets, like Hang Quat street, don’t make fans anymore, but they are remembered as craft streets. The architecture and lifestyle of the local people reflect typical (5) … characteristics ……… of traditional guild streets in Ha Noi.

1. Read the situations and write wishes you want to make for them.
2. Many schools are overcrowded because there are so many children in Viet Nam.
   1. wish …schools weren’t crowded………………………………………………………………..
3. My school has no playground equipment or extra activities.
   1. wish ……my school had playground equipment or extra activities……………………..
4. In the Mekong Delta, small children go through some foot bridges in order to get to school.
   1. wish ……small children in the Mekong Delta didn’t go through some foot bridges in order to get to school
5. Kindergarten teachers don’t have training courses in making handmade teaching materials.
   1. wish ……kindergarten had training courses in making handmade teaching materials.……………………………………………………………………………………..
6. Children from poor families can’t go to school because they have to earn money to support their families.
   1. wish … children from poor families could go to school.

VI. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage.

The Game of Squares

Either boys or girls, usually aged from seven to ten, play the two-person game of "Mandarin's Box". They draw a rectangle on the ground and (1) ………… it into ten small squares called "rice fields" or "fish ponds”.

They also draw two additional semi-circular boxes at the two (2) ………… of the rectangle, which are called "mandarin's boxes" - the game's name. Each person has 25 small pebbles and a bigger stone.

Each player places the stone in one of the mandarin's boxes and five small pebbles in each of the other squares. Then the game begins. The first player takes up the contents of one square on his or her side of the board, but not a mandarin's box and distributes the pebbles one by one, (3) ………… the next Square in (4) ………… direction. Since each square contains five pebbles at the beginning, the first move will distribute five pebbles to the left or right.

After the last pebble is distributed, the player takes the contents of the following square and repeats the distribution (5) ………… But if the following square is one of the mandarin's boxes, the turn ends and passes to the other player.

If the last pebble falls into a square that precedes one empty square, the player wins all the contents of the square following the empty square and (6) ………… these pebbles from the board. However, if there are two or more empty squares in a row, the player (7) ………… his or her turn.

Once a player has taken pebbles from the board, the turn is (8) ………… to the other player. If all five squares on one player's side of the board are emptied at any time, that player must place one pebble he or she has aside back in each of the five squares so that the game can resume. The game (9)

………… until the two mandarins' boxes have both been (10) ………… At the end of the game, the player with more pebbles wins, each of the large stones counting as ten points.

1. A. share B. divide C. separate D. leave
2. A. ends B. aims C. small points D. stops
3. A. start B. to start C. starting D. having started
4. A. no B. all C. both D. either
5. A. actions B. process C. change D. method
6. A. removes B. disappears C. leaves D. ends
7. A. wins B. succeeds C. fails D. loses
8. A. gone B. made C. passed D. rewarded
9. A. starts B. continues C. stops D. pauses
10. A. held B. moved C. taken D. accepted

VII. Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question.

Viet Nam's Past Educational System

In comparison with other developing countries, Viet Nam’s population enjoys a relatively high standard of education. In the past, Viet Nam’s educational system was affected by many cultures, of which the Chinese and French had most significant influence.

The Imperial Academy - the first university in Viet Nam - was built in 1076 under Emperor Ly Nhan Tong for the education of sons of royalty and other high-ranking officials. In 1252, the college was opened to students from various backgrounds besides royal or official ones.

Before the French came, the old-type Mandarin system administered Viet Nam for approximately 2,000 years. As the French took over the government’s administration, it was converted from a Confucian system into a Western-oriented one.

In order to participate in the civil service under the French rule, the Vietnamese had to convert to the French system and were required to know the French language. In addition, they had to have a good facility with the new version of their language instead of the traditional Chinese characters which had been in use for hundreds of years.

At the beginning of 1900, the whole system was revised. An educational system of three levels was established: elementary, primary, and secondary education. In addition, the use of the national language (Quoc Ngu) was added to the curriculum. Emphasis was placed on rote learning, class discipline and other French educational methods. Several new schools and colleges were established.

Accordingly, French became the second language of much importance to the students.

1. In the past, Viet Nam enjoyed a relatively high standard of education with ……………
   1. the effects of the Chinese culture
   2. the reign of Emperor Ly Nhan Tong
   3. the education of sons of royalty
   4. the establishment of the Imperial Academy
2. When the French took control of Vietnamese education, they ……………. A. made Vietnamese people follow a Western-oriented education

B. kept the old-type Mandarin system and the French education C. converted the French System into the Confucian one

D. took over the government’s administration

1. We can infer from the passage that in the French educational system in Viet Nam, ……. .
   1. the traditional Chinese characters have been widely used
   2. the Confucian system was banned in the beginning
   3. the national language is the first language and French is the second one
   4. students with different academic levels could attend the Imperial Academy since 1252
2. All of the following are true about the education in Viet Nam under the French rule EXCEPT that ………
   1. the system had three levels
   2. students only used the national language at home
   3. most students paid much attention to French
   4. several new schools and colleges were established
3. The phrase “rote learning” in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to ………….
   1. learning class discipline
   2. learning the Mandarin Chinese for a while
   3. learning something to repeat it from memory
   4. learning the national language in three education levels

VIII. Write complete sentences, using the words/ phrases given in their correct forms. You can add some more necessary words, but you have to use all the words given.

1. With/ whiteboard/ classroom/ every student/ take part/ lessons.

With a whiteboard in the classroom, every student can take part in the lessons.

1. Mistakes/ which/ made/ during guided practice/ easily erased.

Mistakes which are made during guided practice can be easily erased.

1. Nowadays/ smart boards/ provide/ students/ interactive learning environment.

Nowadays, smart boards provide students with an interactive learning environment.

1. Students/ see more diagrams/ charts/ videos/ Internet.

Students can see more diagrams, charts, videos from the Internet.

1. Smart boards/ also/ help/ students/ use/ fingers/ write directly/ them.

Smart boards also help students to use their fingers to write directly on them.

TEST 3 (UNIT 4)

I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.

1. A. snack B. illiterate C. activity D. habit
2. A. fresh B. specific C. entertain D. preservation
3. A. seniority B. seek C. west D. physical

II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.

1. A. facility B. traditional C. historical D. television
2. A. tuberculosis B. seniority C. possibility D. technological

III. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete each sentence.

1. Despite changes brought on by industrialisation and modernisation, shoulder poles …………… the main carriers of 80 percent of the rural population.
   1. continue B. exist C. stay D. remain
2. The image of an old lady with the traditional ao dai on a rickshaw on her way back from the market is still so ……………. for Vietnamese people.
   1. meaning B. meaningful C. meaningless D. meaningfulness
3. Furthermore, traditional …………… help to develop their senses, memory, thoughts, imagination, linguistic capacity and basic concepts about the national culture.
   1. habits B. games C. customs D. practices
4. Working as street vendors has created countless jobs, and it has become …………. in Ha Noi.
   1. part of life B. parts of life C. part of lives D. life parts
5. “Quang ganh” is two baskets hung from either end of a bamboo pole ……………. the shoulders.
   1. across B. at C. on D. above
6. Viet Nam’s tug-of-war game was also ……………. as a UNESCO cultural intangible heritage of humanity in December 2015.
   1. realised B. recognised C. allowed D. seen
7. People in Bac Ninh province believe that if the tug-of-war team facing the east wins, it will bring bumper crops and good luck, and that the situation will be just the ……………. if the team facing the west wins.
   1. different B. same C. other D. opposite
8. The first university that ………………. the western educational system was built in Ha Noi, in 1919 with the medicine school and 1933 with the law school.
   1. requested B. applied C. applied to D. related
9. In the past, white, or violet ao dai …………. by Vietnamese female students as their uniforms.

1. Fill in each blank in the passage with the correct word from the box. There are some extra words.

Through centuries, one of the most (1) …… symbolic ……….. elements of a

Vietnamese village has been its gate. However, the image is fast disappearing due to rapid urbanisation. One way of keeping the image alive is via photography. A(n) (2) … exhibition

………….. entitled “Old Gates” consisted of nearly 700 photos taken of typical village gates in northern Viet Nam, which opened in Ha Noi on the (3) … occasion ………….. of the National Cultural Heritage Day. Villages in the north usually have a main gate and one leading to the rice fields alongside minor gates. Many have disappeared forever. Gates differ depending on typical village (4) …… features ………... A major trading village such as Cu Da in Ha Noi would have a sizeable gate while more (5) …… scholarly ……….. villages would have their gates engraved and decorated.

1. Read the situations and write wishes you want to make for them.
2. The school authorities can’t set holidays based on local weather conditions.
   1. wish ……… the school authorities could set holidays based on local weather conditions.
3. That university often doesn’t attract enough enrolments for the new school year.
   1. wish …… that university often attracted/ could attract enough enrolments for the new school year.
4. We can’t study the books written by famous scholars in the Ly and Tran dynasties because Chinese Ming aggressors took them to China.
   1. wish …we could study the books written by famous scholars in the Ly and Tran dynasties.
5. Many small children don’t learn how to swim so they often suffer-from drowning.
   1. wish … many small children learned how to swim.
6. Many graduates from colleges don’t have enough skills to meet the requirements of their jobs.
   1. wish …… graduates from colleges had enough skills to meet the requirements of their jobs...

VI. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits each blank space in the following passage.

Rickshaw in Vietnamese Life

It is just simple and ordinary as its (1) ……………... No noisy sound from engines, no obscure smoke and no spending too much for commuting. From a long time ago, Vietnamese people have thought of the rickshaw as a (2) ……………... means of transportation when going out. It is not only close-knit to Vietnamese but also connected strongly with the foreigners (3) ……………... all of them were attracted by this unique means at the first time visiting Viet Nam.

The rickshaw has existed for a long time in Vietnamese life, and become quite necessary as the (4) ……………... in a body. Not only the Vietnamese feel (5) ……………... to rickshaw, foreigners are also impressed by this unique vehicle. They will be fond of sitting on the rickshaw for a (6) ……………... tour around Sword Lake or around on the streets to (7) ……………... dreamy and peaceful photos in the ancient citadel.

Traveling in a rickshaw is the time for peacefully (8) ……………... windy sunset and bright sunrises on the beach of Nha Trang or Da Nang or elsewhere. How pleasant it is for you to enjoy a relaxing feeling on the short (9) ……………... trip.

Viet Nam is becoming more and more modem; however, rickshaw still (10) ……………...

through the time and has a stand in the minds of the residents.

1. A. presence B. appearance C. judgment D. performance
2. A. shared B. recognized C. friendly D. familiar
3. A. although B. as C. but D. while
4. A. breath B. air C. rest D. recovery
5. A. close B. closed C. closest D. closing
6. A. sight B. sighting C. sightseeing D. sightseer
7. A. catch B. take C. bring D. keep
8. A. welcome B. welcoming C. welcomed D. being welcomed
9. A. city B. town C. urban D. field
10. A. keeps B. continues C. lives D. survives

VII. Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D to each question.

For formal ceremonies, men would have two additional items, a long gown with slits on either side, and a turban, usually in black or brown made of cotton or silk. In feudal times, there were strict dress codes. Ordinary people were not allowed to wear clothes with dyes rather than black, brown or white. Costumes in yellow were reserved for the King. Those in purple and red were reserved for high - ranking court officials, while dresses in blue were exclusively worn by petty court officials. Men's dress has gradually changed along with social development.

The traditional set of a long gown and turban gave way to more modern-looking suits, while business shirts and trousers have replaced traditional long sleeved shirts and wide trousers. Traditional costumes still exist and efforts are increasingly being made to restore traditional festivals and entertainment which incorporate traditional costumes.

For women, the outer garment is a special silk gown called an “ao tu than” which is brown or light brown in colour with four slits divided equally on its lower section. The second layer is a gown in a light yellow colour and the third layer is a pink gown. When a woman wears her three gowns, she fastens the buttons on the side, and leave those on the chest unfastened so that it forms a shaped collar. This allows her to show the different colors on the upper part of the three gowns. Today, on formal occasions women wear “ao dai”.

1. In the past, the colour was used to represent ………………
   1. the difference between men and women B. formal ceremonies

C. the social development D. the rank in the society

1. In the past, for formal ceremonies men wore ………………
   1. costumes in purple or yellow not like the King
   2. a long gown and a turban in black or brown
   3. costumes made of red cotton or silk
   4. dresses in blue as petty court officials
2. Traditional festivals ………………
   1. promote traditional costumes B. encourage modem-looking suits

C. replace traditional suits by business ones D. make men’s dresses change

1. All of the following are true about women’s traditional costumes EXCEPT that ……………..
   1. the gowns have different colours on the upper part
   2. we can see a shaped collar in the front
   3. the two inner gowns cannot be seen
   4. the outer gown has four equal parts on its lower section
2. The word “gown” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ……………….
   1. a long dress worn on formal occasions
   2. a woman’s dress, especially a long one
   3. a long piece of clothing worn by judges
   4. a piece of clothing that is worn over other clothes to protect them

VIII. Write complete sentences, using the words/ phrases given in their correct forms. You can add some more necessary words, but you have to use all the words given.

1. traditional library/ function/ storage/ preservation/ physical items/ particularly books/ periodicals.

A traditional library has the function of storage and preservation of physical items, particularly books and periodicals.

1. Books/ shelves/ divided/ based/ subjects/ and/ readers/ travel/ library/ borrow books. Books on the shelves are divided based on the subjects and readers have to travel to the library to borrow books.
2. For/ digital library/ readers/ get/ access/ materials/ house/ Internet.

For a digital library, readers can get the access to materials from their house through the Internet.

1. Readers/ browse/ materials/ based/ hyperlinks/ or keywords.

Readers can browse the materials based on hyperlinks or keywords.

1. With/ digital library/ we/ read/ all the books/ which/ published/ world.

With a digital library, we can read all the books which have been published in the world.

UNIT 5: WONDERS OF VIET NAM

A. NEW WORDS, STRUCTURES, GRAMMAR AND PRONUNCIATION

1. New words:

1. Grammar:
2. Passive voice: Impersonal passive

Form: It + to be + past participle + that + S + V

We use the impersonal passive to express other people’s opinions. It can be used with reporting verbs, including say, think, believe, know, hope, expect, report, understand, claim, etc.

Example:

1.. It is believed that the best time to visit the complex of Hue Monuments is in April.

1. It is reported that thousands of visitors come to enjoy breathtaking views of Ha Long Bay every year.
2. It is claimed that Phong Nha - Ke Bang can be compared to a huge geological museum
3. It is understood that Binh Dai Fortress was designed to control movement on the Perfumed River.
4. It is expected the government will have measures to protect and preserve our manmade wonders

2. suggest + V-ing/clause with should

After the verb suggest, we can use V-ing or a clause with should:

• S + suggest + V-ing
• S + suggest + (that) + S + (should) + bare infi nitive
• We use suggest + V-ing/clause with should to tell someone our ideas about what they should do, where they should go, etc.

Example: I suggest that we should go out to eat.

I suggested going in my car.

• We can also use suggest + V-ing/clause with should to report someone’s ideas about what someone else should do, or what they should do themselves.

Example:

• Her mother suggested going to see the doctor.
• The government suggested closing a number of primary schools.
• The professor suggested that the students should read a number of books before the exam.

III. Pronunciation: Stress on short words in sentences

B. EXERCISES

PHONETICS

I. Choose the word whose iriain stressed syllable is different from the rest. Circle the corresponding letter A, B, C or D.

1. A. refreshment B. horrible C. exciting D. intention
2. A. detective B. romantic C. history D. adventure
3. A. biography B. historic C. discover D. authorship
4. A. essential B. furniture C. opposite D. fortunate
5. A. coincide B. community C. conception D. committee

II. Choose the correct option for each gap in the sentences.

1. The Imperial Citadel of Thang Long is a complex that ………………………….. royal palaces and monuments.

A. consist of B. consists of C. consists on D. consist on

1. It is reported that………………………….. come to enjoy beautiful view of Binh

Dai Fortress every year.

1. I suggest the government should………………………….. the number of visitors every day.

A. limiting B. limited c. limit D. limits

4. Perfume pagoda Is a religious site ………………………….. being a great sightseeing spot In Viet Nam.

A. the same as B. as well as c. such as D. and