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UNIT 6 VIET NAM: THEN AND NOW

1. PHONETICS

Write the words from the box in the correct part of the table according to the stress pattern.

OO

OoO OOO

OOo

Write the stress pattern for each following sentence.

Example: Hang on! - OO

1. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR

Complete each sentence with the correct word(s). Take the picture next to each sentence as a clue.

• 1. A(n) is a road or path that goes underneath a railway or another road.
  2. Another will be opened to traffic by the end of this year.
  3. In the countryside, most people lived in with dirt floors.
  4. At a length of 6.28km, Hai Van is the longest tunnel in Southeast Asia.
  5. The Hague is an immaculate city, where you‟re more likely to see bicycles and than cars.

1. Over the last 2 decades, Vietnam has experienced a rapid construction .
2. include a large indoor pool, jacuzzi and sauna.
3. A family is a family group consisting of two parents and their children.
4. From the upper rooms of the houses may be seen a large number of old roofs.
5. In recent years, the number of skyscrapers has in Ho Chi Minh City.
6. After some hesitation, teachers seem to have accepted the new system.
7. A typical family consists of multiple generations living together in the same household.
8. On the way home we shared our first-class with a group of businessmen.
9. The Cat Linh-Ha Dong elevated railway is expected to be in 2018.
10. They are digging a to hold a water pipe which will divert water from the river.

Underline the correct word.

1. There has been a considerable / considerably rise in the number of people moving to Ho Chi Minh City.
2. The educational system has slight / slightly been improved to meet the demands of employers.
3. Vietnam has gradual / gradually built up a reputation as a major exporter of rice.
4. Living standard in rural areas has witnessed a significant / significantly upgrade over the past 10 years.
5. Vietnam has changed dramatic / dramatically over the last two decades.
6. Vietnam is experiencing rapid / rapidly demographic and social change.
7. It was noticeable / noticeably how a few people managed to impose their will on the others.
8. The death toll was initial / initially reported at around 250, but was later revised to 300.
9. You will find it convenient / conveniently getting around Nagoya by bus and subway.
10. We have a buoyant economy and unemployment is considerable / considerably lower than the regional average.

Rewrite the following sentences, using the adjectives or adverbs in brackets.

1. There has been a great improvement in my English speaking skill over the last three years. (dramatically)

→ My English speaking skill

1. There is a minor increase in the number of unemployed graduates this year, (slightly)

→ The number

1. The number of Vietnamese students studying in the U.S has risen little by little. (gradual)

→ There has been

1. There has been enormous growth in the economy this year. (considerably)

→ The economy

1. The number of foreign tourists to Vietnam has decreased quickly during the past years. (rapid)

→ There has been

1. There was a big fall in our coffee exports due to bad weather. (significantly)

→ Our coffee exports

1. There will be a gradual decrease in the price of computers. (steadily)

→ The price

1. The traffic system in Vietnam has changed a lot in recent years. (dramatic)

→ There has been

Fill in the blank with the past perfect form of the verb in brackets.

1. After the war (end), Vietnamese people focused on dealing with domestic matters.
2. How long (they/ be) married before he died?
3. Before the invention of Internet, most people (read) newspapers to update current events.
4. Why didn‟t you want to watch the film? (you/ see) it before?
5. She (not have) any experience in business communication, so we offered her a training course.
6. Before the introduction of low-cost airlines, Vietnamese (mostly/ travel) by coach.
7. (you/ learn) about Vietnam war before you made the presentation about it?
8. Ethan suddenly realised that he (leave) his laptop on the train.
9. My house was very dirty because I (not clean) it for weeks.
10. She couldn‟t get access to the Internet because she (not pay) the bill.

Complete the sentence with the past simple or past perfect form of the verb in brackets.

• 1. They (live) in Paris for 10 years before they (move) home.
  2. As soon as I (download) the document, I knew I (make) a mistake.
  3. Mary (ring) John‟s doorbell at 8:15 yesterday but John

(already/ leave) the house.

• 1. By the time the firemen (arrive), the fire (destroy) three houses.
  2. Our economy (not stand) a chance of developing before the government

(adopt) the open-door policy.

• 1. When I last (speak) to her, she still (not finish) her assignment.
  2. Nobody (come) to the meeting because Angela (forget) to tell them about it.
  3. She (go) to Disneyland three times when she (be) a little girl.
  4. After I (complete) the form, I (give) it to the secretary.
  5. Sarah (drive) three hundred miles by the time she (arrive) in Tacoma.

Fill in each blank with one adjective from the box.

• 1. Mr. Davies was that the books were missing.
  2. I was to hear that we had lost, thinking we had a good chance.
  3. I was that we were doing the right thing.
  4. We were all to see Mia at the party because she hardly hung out with friends.
  5. It was of him to pay for both of us.
  6. It would be for you to climb the mountain alone.
  7. He is to tell her he‟d forgotten their anniversary. Again!
  8. Polly was to learn that her mother‟s illness was not a serious one.
  9. It was of Sarah to start her own business.
  10. Teachers are increasingly that the Internet is very important.

1. Rewrite these sentences, using be + adjective + (of + noun/pronoun) + to-infinitive.
2. Learning how to live in space is difficult.

It is difficult to learn how to live in space.

1. I learned that I had been promoted. I was delighted.
2. He shouldn‟t press the emergency button. It was stupid.
3. Having interests outside work is necessary.
4. John gave them £100. It was very generous.
5. They saw the driver was a six-year-old boy. They were astonished.
6. Thank you for visiting me in hospital. It was very kind.
7. Being in good health is very important for athletes.
8. We heard that your father‟s in hospital again. We‟re sorry.
9. Why did he make that remark? It was very rude.

Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentence.

• 1. It now seems certain .
     1. to be an election in May b. of an election in May

c. that there will be an election in May d. for an election in May

• 1. Jacqui was pleasantly surprised .
     1. to get a B for history b. if she gets a B for history

c. for getting a B for history d. getting a B for history

• 1. It can be difficult to talk to teenagers nowadays.
     1. with parents b. for parents c. to parents d. of parents
  2. It‟s careless to let your children play with fire.
     1. to you b. with you c. of you d. for you
  3. My dad was glad his best friend again after 20 years.
     1. meet b. meeting c. of meeting d. to meet
  4. She was fully aware .
     1. that he did not like her b. of he did not like her

c. for his dislike her. d. him not to like her

• 1. to think of doing it like that.
     1. You were clever b. It‟s clever for you

c. It was clever of you d. It‟s clever that you

• 1. She was the news of his death. He was so young!
     1. shocked to hear b. pleased to hear c. relieved to hear d. annoyed to hear
  2. Susan was sorry .
     1. to lose her temper b. that losing her temper

c. for lose her temper d. that she‟d lost her temper

• 1. It was necessary this question as soon as possible.
     1. of us to solve b. for us to solve c. for us solving d. of us solve

Fill in each blank with a suitable preposition.

• 1. It is wrong him to get so angry over such a little thing.
  2. I can‟t imagine how those students could study such poor conditions!
  3. The image of my family preparing for Tet has gone my heart.
  4. It was impossible him to convince her that he was right.
  5. She was standing her husband and her eldest son.
  6. I‟m beginning to like Japanese food. I certainly prefer rice potatoes.
  7. our visit to Japan, we saw a lot of interesting places.
  8. What she wrote in the essay explained a lot her thoughts of our country in the past.
  9. Peasants‟ houses from this period were made sticks, straw and mud.
  10. Vietnam‟s first metro systems are construction.

1. SPEAKING

Write questions for the underlined parts.

1. A:

B: Vietnam‟s transportation system has changed dramatically over the past ten years.

2. A:

B: Electric trams were used as the main means of public transport in Hanoi.

3. A:

B: Construction of the Thu Thiem tunnel was delayed because of difficulties in Site clearance. 4. A:

B: The first metro in Saigon will be put into operation in 2020.

5. A:

B: The railroad of Vietnam is over 3,000 km in total.

6. A:

B: The Hai Van Tunnel is situated on Highway 1.

7. A:

B: The first skytrains in Vietnam have four compartments.

8. A:

B: People in Vietnam had travelled by bicycle before the first motorbike was imported.

Put the dialogue into the correct order.

How does it change?

Amazing!

I see. It gives both parents and children more privacy, right?

40 years.

Yes, of course.

The educational system may be among the most important changes.

The learning facilities have been improved with loudspeakers and projectors, together with the labs and swimming pool.

Wow! It‟s such a long time. I guess you have witnessed many changes.

Can you tell me some of them?

You mean youngsters move out of their family when they reach 18?

Absolutely.

1 How long have you been living in Saigon?

Yes, it is. And you know, not only the school but the family structure has also been changed.

No. Actually, children still live with their parents, but there are more and more nuclear families.

1. READING

Complete the passage with words from the box.

considerably altogether rush between flows edge facilities

In 2009, the City of Hanoi inaugurated a new bus interchange on the (1) of the city densest and busiest neighbourhood. This new bus interchange demonstrates how small-scale but finely designed interventions can substantially (2) transportation quality in Hanoi. The new bus interchange is efficiently handling a large volume of bus flow and has (3) improved inter-modality in the area. The new facility can handle nearly 300 buses per hour at (4) hour and over 3,500 passengers a day. It includes waiting platforms for users, stopping zones and dedicated bus right-of-way lanes, nearby taxi and park-and-drive (5) for motorbikes and a quick connection to the Long Bien train station, providing inter-regional rail links. (6) , these improvements have significantly facilitated the redistribution of passenger (7) into the central and historic quarters of the capital and to suburban areas and eased conflicts (8) users.

Read the text carefully, then choose the correct answers.

In the early 17^th century, most of the southern region of Vietnam was nearly uninhabited and in the position of Ho Chi Minh City, there was a small village formed with a few residents. However, thanks to its advantage in location, the town grew both economically and politically. By the 19^th century, this had become a cultural hub of the South as well as an important trading center of the country.

You might not know that there was a time Saigon was referred to as the Pearl of the Far East. Sadly, having been through various occurrences and two disastrous wars has stunted the city‟s development. Only after the political instabilities had settled, Saigon recovered miraculously and maintained its leading position in terms of both the economics and culture. Officially named as Ho Chi Minh City, Saigon today has 22 districts in total and attracts hundreds of thousands of tourists annually.

• 1. What is the best title of the passage?
     1. Saigon: Lost and Found b. Saigon: Then and Now

c. Saigon: Now and Then d. Saigon: Hub of the South East Vietnam

• 1. According to the passage, Saigon was in the early 17^th century.
     1. a financial center b. an uninhabited region

c. a small village d. an important city

• 1. What happened with Saigon in the 19^th century?
     1. It became popular all over Asia.
     2. It became a cultural hub of the South and an important trading center of Vienam.
     3. It became the most important trading center in the world.
     4. It was no longer visited by international tourists.
  2. The city‟s development has been stunted because of .
     1. two disastrous wars
     2. some major historic events
     3. natural disasters and disastrous wars
     4. different occurrences and disastrous wars
  3. The word “occurrences” is closest in meaning to .
     1. situations b. adventures c. incidents d. affairs
  4. Which of the following sentences is NOT true?
     1. In the early 17^th century, there were only a few residents living on the position of Saigon.
     2. The location of Saigon helped the town develop its economy and politics.
     3. Saigon was once referred as the Pearl of the Far East.
     4. Saigon had recovered and held its leading position before the political instabilities settled.

1. WRITING

Write sentences, using the clues given.

• 1. many schools/ the world/ found/ the beginning of the 20^th century.
  2. it/ nice/ John/ give/ us/ lift/ the train station.
  3. there/ be/ dramatic/ increase/ the number/ people/ travel/ abroad/ recent years.
  4. I/ prefer/ ride/ my bicycles/ catch/ bus/ school/ every morning.
  5. Saigonese/ expect/ that/ new/ metro system/ can/ solve/ traffic problem
  6. how long/ you/ know/ him/ before/ he/ get/ married?
  7. traffic system/ Ho Chi Minh City/ be/ upgraded/ the last five years.
  8. he/ be/ disappointed/ see/ she/ be/ not/ the party.
  9. it/ be/ impossible/ me/ wear/ rubber sandals/ school.
  10. before 1990/ Vietnamese people/ live/ extended families.

Complete the second sentence so that It has the same meaning as the first.

• 1. It was confident of him to say that he was the best student in his school.

→ He was

• 1. Our lifestyle has changed considerably since the introduction of Western culture.

→ There has

• 1. It‟s exciting for me to learn that I can come to visit my friend in Phu Yen next month.

→ I am

• 1. Those children need to be taught about how Vietnam has transformed itself.

→ It is

• 1. She was so rude to shout at his face in the department store.

→ It was

• 1. My father was pleased when he learned that I had passed the entrance exam to high school.

→ My father

• 1. Everybody had gone home when I came to the party.

→ As soon as

• 1. This country is unsafe to visit during summer vacation.

→ It is

• 1. There has been a dramatic increase in the number of people learning English.

→ The number of people

• 1. Phong went to the beach after working hard for a week.

→ After Phong

TEST FOR UNIT 6

Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others.

Write the stress pattern for each following sentence.

Choose the best answer a, b, c or d to complete the sentence or substitute for the underlined word.

1. Vietnamese prefer riding motorbikes walking to work.
   1. to b. for c. than d. rather than
2. It is hard us to persuade him to believe what we said.
   1. to b. of c. for d. with
3. A lot of were built to solve the traffic jam problem at intersections.
   1. trams b. flyovers c. skytrains d. tunnels
4. My friends were all extremely when they heard I‟d lost my job.
   1. tolerant b. sympathetic c. obedient d. confident
5. Last Wednesday witnessed a sudden drop in raw oil price.
   1. significant b. gradual c. sharp d. considerable
6. It was unprofessional casual clothes to the international conference.
   1. of her to wear b. for her wearing c. for her to wear d. of her wear
7. The very first metro is being built to the travel demands of Saigonese.
   1. solve b. make c. see d. meet
8. ease traffic congestion, it is necessary to promote the development of public transport.
   1. Because of b. Despite c. In order to d. Since
9. I think life today is comfortable than it was in the past.
   1. about as b. a lot more c. more and more d. the more
10. A: How was your trip to Vietnam after 10 years?

B:

• 1. Amazing! I couldn‟t believe how much it has changed!
  2. Thank you for asking me.
  3. 10 years? It‟s 11 years.
  4. No, I can‟t tell you.

Write the correct form or tense of the verbs in brackets.

• 1. My father prefers (work) as a farmer rather than a blue-collar worker.
  2. I can‟t help (worry) about her traveling abroad on her own.
  3. Rubber sandals (wear) by Vietnamese soldiers during the war against the French and the Americans.
  4. She (not think) of writing about educational reformation until I mentioned it.
  5. In 1995, I (go) back to Vietnam after 30 years.
  6. In recent years, Vietnam many changes under the influence of economic reform and globalization. (experience)
  7. It‟s kind of you (report) to her what happened to her son last night.
  8. The number of vehicles in Vietnam (increase) by 10 percent every year.
  9. If you (come) back to the ancient world, where would you visit?
  10. During our conversation, I realised that we (meet) before.

Write the correct form of the words in brackets.

• 1. Although they never get angry, they are not always kind or . (tolerate)
  2. Local officials have been very on working together for a solution. (cooperate)
  3. I tried to tell her about the awful day I‟d had, but she wasn‟t very . (sympathy)
  4. Students are expected to be quiet and in the classroom. (obey)
  5. Boeing sells a third of its aircraft overseas, making it the biggest in the United States. (export)
  6. I see people who have opportunities I don‟t have, and I get . (envy)
  7. In the past, Hanoians often went to areas by tram, which was a very famous system. (suburb)
  8. She has a small office that is used for discussions. (privacy)
  9. Some ministers expressed that they could no longer travel first class. (astonish)
  10. We were greatly at the news of their safe return. (relief)

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate that underlined part that needs correction in each of the following sentences.

1. It's difficult study in a foreign country, so students need to prepare for the experience. A B C D

1. I‟m tired of being told what writing about tram system in Hanoi. A B C D
2. In 1939, no more than 15 percent of all school-age children received any kind of school.

A B C D

1. It‟s convenient of us to take a cyclo and observe life in Ho Chi Minh City. A B C D
2. I had just finished my meal when he had called me out for dinner. A B C D
3. The menu has been already changed, but the customers are still complaining about the lack of A B C D

variety.

1. I was surprising to learn that there was a tram system in Hanoi a century ago. A B C D
2. A new rail system in Hanoi is expected to complete in the next few years. A B C D
3. You‟d better to listen to each other‟s ideas when living in an extended family. A B C D
4. A new advanced water treatment plant which will eventually serve 300,000 customers is now A B C

on construction. D

Match a sentence in column A to a response in column B.

A B

• 1. Are you living in an extended family?
  2. Why do you decide to move to the

countryside?

• 1. What should I do to get along with my sister?
  2. How has the Internet changed our lives?
  3. Is traveling by buses the best way to reduce the traffic congestion?
  4. Where can you find information about the history of Saigon?
  5. What did people do to make Ha Long a

popular tourist attraction?

• 1. When did Vietnam gain its Independence?

1. We can communicate with others more easily and be updated about the world the fastest.
2. On April 30^th,1975
3. In Ho Chi Minh City Museum.
4. They provided services on discovering and promoting the area.
5. No. I only live with my parents.
6. Kind of, but I think the government should invest more in the infrastructure.
7. You should spend more time sharing your

stories with her.

1. I find it much more peaceful to live there.

Choose the correct answers to complete the passage.

Like other big cities in Asia, Ha Not began to (1) the tram system in the early 1900s. A few years later, due to its cheap fares and convenience, this system rapidly became one of the most popular (2) of transport. There were five tram routes with Hoan Kiem Lake as a central station for residents to get (3) the city and to the suburban areas. However, because of the population boom and the urgent demand for upgrading the more modern road system, the rail tracks were (4) removed and completely disappeared in 1990.

These days, the fact that the population of the capital has risen tremendously results (5

a dramatic increase in the number of vehicles on the roads. To meet the increasing travel demands and reduce traffic congestion, the first 13-kilometre skytrain system, connecting Cat Linh and Ha Dong is (6) and it is expected to be completed by 2018. Each four-compartment skytrain with the length of approximately 80 metres and the height of about 3.8 metres has a (7) of 1,362 passengers. Additionally, a new rail system including over eight kilometres of skytrain rail and four kilometres of subway rail, (8) links Ha Noi Central Station to Nhon, also has being built recently. The capacity of each skytrain in this efficient high-speed rail system is roughly 1,200 passengers.

Read the text carefully, then do the tasks.

From the 20^th to the 21^st century, there have been significant changes all over the world. Substantial differences are evident between the way we live today, and the way we lived a century ago. Vietnam is no exception although there are some facets of life that still resemble the way of life of the twentieth century.

Living in Vietnam today differs greatly from the lifestyle of 100 years ago. People in the past mainly worked in agriculture whereas today there are significantly less people working in this sector of the economy. These days, by comparison, people are more likely to be employed in manufacturing and tourism than in the rice fields. Moreover, Vietnam, which was traditionally agrarian, is transforming into an entirely different country. While agriculture is still an important component of the Vietnamese economy, other enterprises are accounting for an increasing amount of economic activity.

However, along with the differences, similarities also exist. The people of Vietnam have retained many of the characteristics of their forefathers. The Vietnamese people are as friendly today as they were in the past. This is best exemplified in the way they welcome foreigners to their unique country. Moreover, the resilience and determination of the people of Vietnam has not changed. The Vietnamese work collectively and happily towards the development of their country.

Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).

1. A minority of countries around the world have experienced dramatic change in the previous century.
2. Vietnam is not as agrarian as it was in the past.
3. Vietnamese people nowadays are friendlier to foreigners than they used to be.
4. The differences between the lifestyles of yesterday and the lifestyles of today are not evident.
5. Some of the characteristics of Vietnamese people never change.
6. Vietnamese people are very resilient and determined.

Answer the questions.

1. How have lifestyles changed for the last century?
2. What characteristics of Vietnamese people have not changed?

Write a new sentence with the some meaning containing the word in capitals.

• 1. He was so brave that he could tell her what he thought about her. (IT)
  2. Your bad news upsets me very much. (SORRY)
  3. There has been a slight drop in the number of people using public transport. (SLIGHTLY)
  4. Revising for exams takes up all my time at the moment. (BUSY)
  5. There was an increased demand for travel, so the government decided to invest in building the very first metro system. (AS)
  6. I don‟t know much about historical events, so I can t help her with her history homework. (IF)
  7. This is the first time I have heard about the tram system in Hanoi. (NEVER)
  8. Firefighters spent two hours releasing the driver from the wreckage. (IT)
  9. They took the president to the hospital for an emergency operation. (WAS)
  10. I had saved my document before the computer crashed. (AFTER)

Write about the three benefits that people can gain when using public transport. You can use the suggestions below for your writing.

• Public transportation reduces congestion.
• Public transportation contributes to an overall decrease in the amount of energy necessary for transportation.
• People can save more money when using public transport.
• It would be safer to take the bus, train, light rail, or other transit options.
• If you don‟t like driving car/ riding motorbike, public transport can get you to work, to school, to the grocery store or just to visit friends, without having to engage a friend or relative to do the driving.
• Public transport encourages healthier habits.

TEST YOURSELF 2

Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others.

• 1. a. tolerant b. backdrop c. remote d. dogsled
  2. a. behavior b. habit c. tramway d. cashew
  3. a. reward b. sewage c. wealthy d. wonder
  4. a. computer b. uniform c. contribute d. monument
  5. a. constructs b. equips c. travels d. develops

Choose the word that has the main stress placed differently from the others.

• 1. a. envious b. astonished c. suburban d. defensive
  2. a. household b. tunnel c. igloo d. respect
  3. a. flyover b. skytrain c. rubber d. success
  4. a. opportunity b. administrative c. possibility d. university
  5. a. medium b. dangerous c. picturesque d. obvious

Underline the words in bold that should be stressed in the following sentences.

• 1. A: What are you looking for?

B: My lipstick. I left it on the table but I don’t see it anywhere now. A: Are you sure? I saw you put it into your bag.

B: Did I? Oh, here it is.

• 1. A: Have you ever read The Little Prince?

B: No, I haven’t. But I‟ve read Totto-Chan: The Little Girl at the Window. A: Is it the book that you told me about last week?

B: Yes, it is. Look! This is its cover.

• 1. A: I think you should go over your essay once more time before handing it in. B: What‟s wrong with it?

A: You should take out “evidence”. It isn’t a correct word. B: Thank you. Let me check.

• 1. A: Where is it?

B: Mui Dien Cape. It‟s by the sea.

A: I heard that it‟s a tourist attraction. B: It is. I was mesmerized by its beauty.

Complete the sentences with the words from the box.

thatched

relieved

citadel

facilities

pilgrims

picturesque

obesity spectacular

pedestrian underpasses

• 1. Hundreds of thousands of flock to Jerusalem every year.
  2. Vietnamese students used to study in classrooms with roofs.
  3. He was to see Jeannie reach the other side of the river safely.
  4. Hue is situated on the northern bank of the Perfume River.
  5. Hoi An is a ancient port town, with an old quarter that dates back to the 15^th century.
  6. The hotel offers good sporting , including a 50 meters swimming pool.
  7. A diet that is high in fat and sugar can lead to .
  8. We can build more, to improve the traffic flow.
  9. Elevated walkways are built to improve safety.
  10. We had a view of Megan‟s Bay on the tour!

Choose the best answer a, b, c or d to complete the sentence.

• 1. Son Doong Cave will be ruins if the cable car system is constructed.
     1. in b. at c. on d. out
  2. In the 17^th century, the Viet people the temple tower, calling it ThienY Thanh Mau Tower.
     1. got into b. took over c. looked after d. put up
  3. The Imperial Citadel of Thang Long is a that consists of royal palaces and monuments.
     1. complex b. structure c. setting d. measure
  4. The tram‟s clanging sounds have gone deep into the of Hanoians.
     1. minds and souls b. hearts and minds

c. hearts and bodies d. bodies and spirits

• 1. I wish that he to me about his living conditions.
     1. will never lie b. would lie never c. would never lie d. could never lie
  2. I was surprised what happened at the end of the film.
     1. finding out b. in finding out c. to find out d. that I found out
  3. It‟s that you should follow a regular training programme.
     1. pleasant b. confident c. conscious d. essential
  4. The doctor suggested I more exercise to keep my blood pressure down.
     1. do b. to do c. doing d. could do
  5. Giving lucky money to children and the elderly is one of the most common during the Lunar New Year.
     1. behaviors b. habits c. events d. practices
  6. A: I‟m thinking about a topic for our next discussion. B: .
     1. Do you think about it?
     2. To me, this discussion always brings me happiness.
     3. I suggest talking about preserving natural wonders of Vietnam.
     4. Why do you have to consider its benefits?

Write the correct form or tense of the verbs in brackets.

• 1. By the time Alex finished his studies, he (be) in London for over eight years.
  2. At the moment the population of the world (grow) at an increasing rate.
  3. It (claim) that some doctors were working 80 hours a week.
  4. My mother suggested I (throw) away some of the stuff in my closet.
  5. While we (do) the maths test, the fire alarm (go) off.
  6. I wish I (earn) enough money to travel around the world.
  7. She (not set) foot in Ho Chi Minh City since she graduated from University of Economy.
  8. They said they (live) in Chicago for six years.
  9. She suggested (travel) together for safety, since the area was so dangerous.
  10. It‟s hard for me (concentrate) on working in such a noisy office.

Write the correct form of the words in brackets.

• 1. is a state whereby one is unable to read and write. (literate)
  2. Show teenagers that you respect their by knocking on their bedroom door. (private)
  3. Reality TV has been a very successful form of mass . (entertain)
  4. The needs to know what rocks the drill has reached. (geology)
  5. It‟s difficult to with a negative people who will do nothing to help themselves. (sympathy)
  6. The Eiffel Tower in Paris is an instantly landmark. (recognize)
  7. She pretends that she knows all about the latest films and art , but it‟s all a pose. (exhibit)
  8. The company produces computers in with a German firm. (cooperate)
  9. He is a pleasant child, but often rowdy, and rough with others. (obey)
  10. My biggest weakness was my lack of sympathy or for incompetence. (tolerate)

Mark the letter a, b, c or d to indicate that underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

1. The doctor suggested that she does exercises regularly and go to bed as early as possible.

A B C D

1. I wish I can set foot on every corner of Vietnam when I reach 40. A B C D
2. They are getting used to eating alone as their parents often come home lately. A B C D
3. It is expected that there has been more than 5 million international tourists to visit Ha Long A B C D

Bay this year.

1. I used to having a very bad argument with my Maths teacher when I was at high school. A B C D
2. In spite of his dropped out of Harvard in 1975, Bill Gates managed to found Microsoft with his A B C

childhood friend.

D

1. The number of milk tea shops has increased considerable in Ho Chi Minh City during the last

A B C D

two years.

1. If time had turned back, I would enjoy my childhood in the most fabulous way. A B C D
2. No matter how hardly I tried, I couldn‟t understand the meaning of the story. A B C D
3. Vietnamese young people prefer eating out to cook the meals on their own. A B C D

Match sentences.

A B

• 1. Why do we need to preserve the natural wonders of Vietnam?
  2. How can we know the schedule of the metro?
  3. You really must come over Thien Mu Pagoda after visiting Hue Citadel.
  4. What should we do to reduce the air pollution in Saigon?
  5. What do you think about nuclear families?
  6. I really hope you have a good time in Saigon.
  7. What is the best way to get around?
  8. What would happen if we didn‟t preserve our

traditions?

1. I suggest using public transportation every day.
2. I don‟t like the idea and I think the extended one is the best.
3. Thank you. I will.
4. Use a bike or take the bus.
5. That‟s good to know.
6. Google it!
7. To ensure that the future generation can also see and experience them.
8. Our cultural identities would be lost.

Choose the correct answers to complete the passage.

As I remember, (1) in the 50s and 60s, Ha Noi was not as crowded as it is today. Bicycles and cyclos were the main means of transport and the few motorbikes that were around were (2) by rich people. It was rare to see cars or jeeps.

Meanwhile, the tram was the only method of public transport. An old tram station is now home (3) several retail outlets that look out over the lake in Dinh Tien Hoang Street.

At that time, Hanoians always travelled by tram, not only for its (4) but also the price. For just five cents you could travel one-way to it‟s terminus in the former Ha Dong Province, (5) is now part of the expanded Ha Noi.

I still remember on (6) from school, my friends and I would go to the lake to catch the tram to Botanical Garden. The sound, clang-clang, clang-clang could be regularly heard from early in the morning until late in the evening, come rain or (7) . Time, ... decades have passed, but there is still a clang (8) in my mind from my childhood.

• 1. a. move b. place c. set d. back

Read the text carefully. Decide if the statements are true (T) or false (F) and choose the correct answers.

The Temple of Literature was constructed in 1070 under Ly Thanh Tong‟s dynasty to honor Confucius at first and celebrate the doctorates and high rank scholars of Vietnam. In 1076, King Ly Nhan Tong continued the work and built Quoc Tu Giam as the first university of Vietnam.

The temple is divided into five court yards, each with its own significance and history. The first courtyard stretches from the main gate to Dai Trung gate. The second stands out with Khue Van Cac pavilion. The third courtyard is where doctors‟ names were engraved on stelae above tortoise backs. There are a total of 82 stelae, with names and origins of 1307 doctors, corresponding to 82 examination courses from 1442 to 1779. The fourth courtyard is dedicated for Confucius and his 72 honored students, as well as Chu Van An - a famous teacher known for his devotion to teaching. This is also where local authorities choose to honor outstanding students in Hanoi nowadays, like those with top entrance results to university or top graduation outcomes. The last and also furthest courtyard is Thai Hoc house, which used to be Quoc Tu Giam - the first university of Vietnam.

After more than 900 years of existence, the Temple of Literature is an example of well-preserved traditional Vietnamese architecture. Along the pass are 100-year-old trees that have witnessed the ups and downs of history.

1. The construction of the Temple of Literature took place in 1076.
2. Quoc Tu Giam is considered to be the first university of Vietnam.
3. The names and places of birth of doctors were carved on tortoise backs.
4. Chu Van An used to be a teacher at Quoc Tu Giam.
5. The Temple of Literature has now lost most of its traditional Vietnamese architecture.
6. What does the text mainly discuss?
   1. The location of the Temple of Literature.
   2. The origin of the Temple of Literature.
   3. The structure of the Temple of Literature.
   4. The first university of Vietnam.
7. The word “stelae” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to .
   1. tombstones b. trophies c. records d. pillars
8. It can be inferred from the passage that .
   1. Confucius was the first teacher of Quoc Tu Giam.
   2. the Temple of Literature is an important historic site in Vietnam.
   3. Quoc Tu Giam is located far away from the Temple of Literature.
   4. Vietnamese people highly appreciate the talent of scholars.

Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence.

• 1. You should use less paper to protect the environment.

→ If I

• 1. There has been a sharp increase in the number of skyscrapers built in Hanoi this year.

→ The number of

• 1. He suggested visiting Moc Chau to learn about Thai and H‟mong people.

→ What about

• 1. They believe that touching the head of a Buddha statue is a sign of disrespect.

→ It

• 1. It‟s a pity I can‟t get my visa extended.

→ I wish

• 1. “Please follow my instructions if you want to pass this module,” my teacher said.

→ My teacher told me

• 1. They had been on board before he arrived at the airport.

→ As soon as

• 1. How long has you possessed that Chanel bag?

→ When

• 1. “Why do I have to conduct this research?” she asked me.

→ She asked me

• 1. He needs to talk to psychologist about his current situation.

→ It is

ĐÁP ÁN

1. PHONETICS

I.

OO

OoO OOO

Don‟t cry!, Help me!, Stay there!

OOo

Finish it!, Don‟t forget!

Don‟t turn right!, Wait for me! Keep moving!

II. 1. OOO 2. OO 3. OO 4. OoO 5. OOO 6. OO 7. OO 8. OO

1. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR

1. 1. My English speaking skill has been improved dramatically over the last three years.
2. The number of unemployed graduates has increased slightly this year.
3. There has been a gradual rise in the number of Vietnamese students studying in the U.S.
4. The economy has grown considerably this year.
5. There has been a rapid decrease in the number of foreign tourists to Vietnam during the past years.
6. Our coffee exports failed significantly due to bad weather.
7. The price of computers will decrease steadily.
8. There has been a dramatic change in the traffic system in Vietnam in recent years.
9. 1. had ended 2. had they been 3. had read 4. Had you seen

5. hadn‟t had 6. had mosdy traveled 7. Had you learnt 8. had left

9. hadn‟t cleaned 10. hadn‟t paid

1. 1. had lived - moved 2. downloaded - had made

4. arrived - had destroyed 5. hadn‟t stood – adopted

7. came - had forgotten 8. had gone – was 10. had driven - arrived

VIII. 2. I was delighted to learn that I had been promoted.

1. It was stupid of him to press the emergency button.
2. It is necessary to have interests outside work.
3. It was very generous of John to give them £100.
4. They were astonished to see the driver was a six-year-old boy.
5. It was very kind of you to visit me in hospital.
6. It is very important for athletes to be in good health.
7. We‟re sorry to hear that your father‟s in hospital again.
8. It was very rude of him to make that remark.

IX. 1. c 2. a 3. b 4. c 5. d 6. a 7. c 8. a 9. d 10. b

X. 1. of 2. in 3. into 4. for 5. between 6. to 7. during 8. about 9. of 10. under

1. SPEAKING
2. 1. How has Vietnam‟s transportation system changed over the past ten years?
3. What were used as the main means of public transport in Hanoi?
4. Why was construction of the Thu Thiem tunnel delayed?
5. When will the first metro in Saigon be put into operation?
6. How long is the railroad of Vietnam in total?
7. Where is the Hai Van Tunnel situated?
8. How many compartments do the first skytrains in Vietnam have?
9. How had people in Vietnam travelled before the first motorbike was imported?
10. - How long have you been living in Saigon?
    • 40 years.
    • Wow! It‟s such a long time. I guess you have witnessed many changes.
    • Yes, of course.
    • Can you tell me some of them?
    • The educational system may be among the most important changes.
    • How does it change?
    • The learning facilities have been improved with loudspeakers and projectors, together with the labs and swimming pool.
    • Amazing!
    • Yes, it is. And you know, not only the school but the family structure has also been changed.
    • You mean youngsters move out of their family when they reach 18?
    • No. Actually, children still live with their parents, but there are more and more nuclear families.
    • I see. It gives both parents and children more privacy, right?
    • Absolutely.
11. READING

1. WRITING
2. 1. Many schools in the world were founded at the beginning of the 20^th century.
3. It‟s nice of John to give us a lift to the train station.
4. There has been a dramatic increase in the number of people traveling abroad in recent years.
5. I prefer riding my bicycles to catching the bus to school every morning.
6. Saigonese expect that the new metro system can solve the traffic problem.
7. How long had you known him before he got married?
8. The traffic system in Ho Chi Minh City has been upgraded over the last five years.
9. He was disappointed to see that she was not at the party.
10. It is impossible for me to wear rubber sandals to school.
11. Before 1990, Vietnamese people had lived in extended families.
12. 1. He was confident to say that he was the best student in his school.
13. There has been a considerable change in our lifestyle since the introduction of Western culture.
14. I am excited to learn that I can come to visit my friend in Phu Yen next month.
15. It is necessary to teach those children about how Vietnam has transformed itself.
16. It was rude of her to shout at his face in the department store.
17. My father was pleased to learn that I had passed the entrance exam to high school.
18. As soon as I came to the party, everybody had gone home.
19. It is unsafe to visit this country during summer vacation.
20. The number of people learning English has increased dramatically.
21. After Phong had worked hard for a week, he went to the beach.

TEST FOR UNIT 6

B. 7. Lifestyles have changed significantly for the last century.

8. The friendliness, resilience, and determination are characteristics that have not changed.

1. 1. It was brave of him to tell her what he thought about her.
2. I am sorry to hear your bad news.
3. The number of people using public transport has dropped slightly.
4. I am busy revising for exams at the moment.
5. As there was an increased demand for travel, the government decided to invest in building the very first metro system.
6. If I knew much about historical events, I could help her with her history homework.
7. I have never heard about the tram system in Hanoi before.
8. It took the firefighters two hours to release the driver from the wreckage.
9. The president was taken to the hospital for an emergency operation.
10. After I had saved my document, the computer crashed.

Học sinh tự làm

TEST YOURSELF 2

I. 1. c 2. a 3. b 4. d 5. c

II. 1. a 2. d 3. d 4. b 5. c

III. 1. A: What are you looking for?

B: My lipstick. I left it on the table but I don’t see it anywhere now. A: Are you sure? I saw you put it into your bag.

B: Did I? Oh, here it is.

1. A: Have you ever read The Little Prince?

B: No, I haven’t. But I‟ve read Totto-Chan: The Little Girl at the Window. A: Is it the book that you told me about last week?

B: Yes, it is. Look! This is its cover.

1. A: I think you should go over your essay once more time before handing it in. B: What‟s wrong with it?

A: You should take out “evidence”. It isn’t a correct word. B: Thank you. Let me check.

1. A: Where is it?

B: Mui Dien Cape. It‟s by the sea.

A: I heard that it‟s a tourist attraction. B: It is. I was mesmerized by its beauty.

IV. 1. pilgrim 2. thatched 3. relieved 4. Citadel

1. picturesque 6. facilities 7. obesity 8. underpass

9. pedestrian 10. spectacular

V. 1. a 2. b 3. a 4. b 5. c 6. c 7. d 8. a 9. d 10. c

1. 1. had been 2. is growing 3. was claimed 4. throw

5. were doing – went 6. earned 7. hasn‟t set 8. had lived

9. travelling 10. to concentrate

1. 1. illiteracy 2. privacy 3. entertainment 4. geologist

5. sympathize 6. recognizable 7. exhibitions 8. cooperation

9. disobedient 10. tolerance

1. 1. A (do) 2. A (could) 3. D (late) 4. D (visiting) 5. A (have)

6. A (his dropping) 7. C (considerably) 8. A (turned) 9. B (hard) 10. C (cooking)

XII. 1. If I were you, I would use less paper to protect the environment.

1. The number of skyscrapers built in Hanoi has increased sharply this year.
2. What about visiting Moc Chau to learn about Thai and H‟mong people?
3. It is believed that touching the head of a Buddha statue is a sign of disrespect.
4. I wish I could get my visa extended.
5. My teacher told me to follow his/ her instructions if I wanted to pass that module.
6. As soon as he arrived at the airport, they had been on board.
7. When did you possess that Chanel bag?
8. She asked me why she had to conduct that research.
9. It is necessary for him to talk to psychologist about his current situation.